116 research outputs found

    Glass transition and alpha-relaxation dynamics of thin films of labeled polystyrene

    Full text link
    The glass transition temperature and relaxation dynamics of the segmental motions of thin films of polystyrene labeled with a dye, 4-[N-ethyl-N-(hydroxyethyl)]amino-4-nitraozobenzene (Disperse Red 1, DR1) are investigated using dielectric measurements. The dielectric relaxation strength of the DR1-labeled polystyrene is approximately 65 times larger than that of the unlabeled polystyrene above the glass transition, while there is almost no difference between them below the glass transition. The glass transition temperature of the DR1-labeled polystyrene can be determined as a crossover temperature at which the temperature coefficient of the electric capacitance changes from the value of the glassy state to that of the liquid state. The glass transition temperature of the DR1-labeled polystyrene decreases with decreasing film thickness in a reasonably similar manner to that of the unlabeled polystyrene thin films. The dielectric relaxation spectrum of the DR1-labeled polystyrene is also investigated. As thickness decreases, the Ī±\alpha-relaxation time becomes smaller and the distribution of the Ī±\alpha-relaxation times becomes broader. These results show that thin films of DR1-labeled polystyrene are a suitable system for investigating confinement effects of the glass transition dynamics using dielectric relaxation spectroscopy.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figures, 2 Table

    Boundary Lubrication: Squeeze-out Dynamics of a Compressible 2D Liquid

    Full text link
    The expulsion dynamics of the last liquid monolayer of molecules confined between two surfaces has been analyzed by solving the two-dimensional (2D) Navier-Stokes equation for a compressible liquid. We find that the squeeze-out is characterized by the parameter g0 ~ P0/(rho c^2), where P0 is the average perpendicular (squeezing) pressure, rho the liquid (3D) density and c the longitudinal sound velocity in the monolayer film. When g0 << 1 the result of the earlier incompressible treatment is recovered. Numerical results for the squeeze-out time, and for the time-dependence of the radius of the squeezed-out region, indicate that compressibility effects may be non-negligible both in time and in space. In space, they dominate at the edge of the squeeze-out region. In time, they are strongest right at the onset of the squeeze-out process, and just before its completion.Comment: revtex4, 6 pages, 4 figures. Published on PRB on December 31, 200

    Effect of a Fatty Acid Additive on the Kinetic Friction and Stiction of Confined Liquid Lubricants

    Get PDF
    Apresentamos neste texto parte das produƧƵes de pesquisa que acompanhou a construĆ§Ć£o de corpos inseridos num Centro de AtenĆ§Ć£o Psicossocial para Ɓlcool e outras Drogas, em cidade do nordeste brasileiro, focando de modo mais acentuado em arranjos de masculinidades. Especial atenĆ§Ć£o Ć© dada Ć  tensĆ£o entre normalizaĆ§Ć£o de corpos e tentativas de (re)existĆŖncias. A argumentaĆ§Ć£o se desenvolve no campo da saĆŗde pĆŗblica, em particular o da saĆŗde mental, e alicerƧada nos estudos de gĆŖnero e sexualidade. A produĆ§Ć£o de dados se valeu de observaƧƵes registradas em diĆ”rio de campo, acompanhamento itinerante, composiĆ§Ć£o de um coletivo de pesquisa, entrevistas, grupos focais em que, dentre outras coisas, se discutia trechos de diĆ”rios de campo, rodas de conversa e oficinas com profissionais e usuĆ”ri*s. A aposta metodolĆ³gica foi a de forjar um modo de narrar coletivo que agenciasse experimentaĆ§Ć£o e desaprendizagens corporais, junto a modos de produzir cuidado em saĆŗde e de fazer pesquisa.Apresentamos neste texto parte das produƧƵes de pesquisa que acompanhou a construĆ§Ć£o de corpos inseridos num Centro de AtenĆ§Ć£o Psicossocial para Ɓlcool e outras Drogas, em cidade do nordeste brasileiro, focando de modo mais acentuado em arranjos de masculinidades. Especial atenĆ§Ć£o Ć© dada Ć  tensĆ£o entre normalizaĆ§Ć£o de corpos e tentativas de (re)existĆŖncias. A argumentaĆ§Ć£o se desenvolve no campo da saĆŗde pĆŗblica, em particular o da saĆŗde mental, e alicerƧada nos estudos de gĆŖnero e sexualidade. A produĆ§Ć£o de dados se valeu de observaƧƵes registradas em diĆ”rio de campo, acompanhamento itinerante, composiĆ§Ć£o de um coletivo de pesquisa, entrevistas, grupos focais em que, dentre outras coisas, se discutia trechos de diĆ”rios de campo, rodas de conversa e oficinas com profissionais e usuĆ”ri*s. A aposta metodolĆ³gica foi a de forjar um modo de narrar coletivo que agenciasse experimentaĆ§Ć£o e desaprendizagens corporais, junto a modos de produzir cuidado em saĆŗde e de fazer pesquisa.Apresentamos neste texto parte das produƧƵes de pesquisa que acompanhou a construĆ§Ć£o de corpos inseridos num Centro de AtenĆ§Ć£o Psicossocial para Ɓlcool e outras Drogas, em cidade do nordeste brasileiro, focando de modo mais acentuado em arranjos de masculinidades. Especial atenĆ§Ć£o Ć© dada Ć  tensĆ£o entre normalizaĆ§Ć£o de corpos e tentativas de (re)existĆŖncias. A argumentaĆ§Ć£o se desenvolve no campo da saĆŗde pĆŗblica, em particular o da saĆŗde mental, e alicerƧada nos estudos de gĆŖnero e sexualidade. A produĆ§Ć£o de dados se valeu de observaƧƵes registradas em diĆ”rio de campo, acompanhamento itinerante, composiĆ§Ć£o de um coletivo de pesquisa, entrevistas, grupos focais em que, dentre outras coisas, se discutia trechos de diĆ”rios de campo, rodas de conversa e oficinas com profissionais e usuĆ”ri*s. A aposta metodolĆ³gica foi a de forjar um modo de narrar coletivo que agenciasse experimentaĆ§Ć£o e desaprendizagens corporais, junto a modos de produzir cuidado em saĆŗde e de fazer pesquisa.Apresentamos neste texto parte das produƧƵes de pesquisa que acompanhou a construĆ§Ć£o de corpos inseridos num Centro de AtenĆ§Ć£o Psicossocial para Ɓlcool e outras Drogas, em cidade do nordeste brasileiro, focando de modo mais acentuado em arranjos de masculinidades. Especial atenĆ§Ć£o Ć© dada Ć  tensĆ£o entre normalizaĆ§Ć£o de corpos e tentativas de (re)existĆŖncias. A argumentaĆ§Ć£o se desenvolve no campo da saĆŗde pĆŗblica, em particular o da saĆŗde mental, e alicerƧada nos estudos de gĆŖnero e sexualidade. A produĆ§Ć£o de dados se valeu de observaƧƵes registradas em diĆ”rio de campo, acompanhamento itinerante, composiĆ§Ć£o de um coletivo de pesquisa, entrevistas, grupos focais em que, dentre outras coisas, se discutia trechos de diĆ”rios de campo, rodas de conversa e oficinas com profissionais e usuĆ”ri*s. A aposta metodolĆ³gica foi a de forjar um modo de narrar coletivo que agenciasse experimentaĆ§Ć£o e desaprendizagens corporais, junto a modos de produzir cuidado em saĆŗde e de fazer pesquisa.Apresentamos neste texto parte das produƧƵes de pesquisa que acompanhou a construĆ§Ć£o de corpos inseridos num Centro de AtenĆ§Ć£o Psicossocial para Ɓlcool e outras Drogas, em cidade do nordeste brasileiro, focando de modo mais acentuado em arranjos de masculinidades. Especial atenĆ§Ć£o Ć© dada Ć  tensĆ£o entre normalizaĆ§Ć£o de corpos e tentativas de (re)existĆŖncias. A argumentaĆ§Ć£o se desenvolve no campo da saĆŗde pĆŗblica, em particular o da saĆŗde mental, e alicerƧada nos estudos de gĆŖnero e sexualidade. A produĆ§Ć£o de dados se valeu de observaƧƵes registradas em diĆ”rio de campo, acompanhamento itinerante, composiĆ§Ć£o de um coletivo de pesquisa, entrevistas, grupos focais em que, dentre outras coisas, se discutia trechos de diĆ”rios de campo, rodas de conversa e oficinas com profissionais e usuĆ”ri*s. A aposta metodolĆ³gica foi a de forjar um modo de narrar coletivo que agenciasse experimentaĆ§Ć£o e desaprendizagens corporais, junto a modos de produzir cuidado em saĆŗde e de fazer pesquisa.Apresentamos neste texto parte das produƧƵes de pesquisa que acompanhou a construĆ§Ć£o de corpos inseridos num Centro de AtenĆ§Ć£o Psicossocial para Ɓlcool e outras Drogas, em cidade do nordeste brasileiro, focando de modo mais acentuado em arranjos de masculinidades. Especial atenĆ§Ć£o Ć© dada Ć  tensĆ£o entre normalizaĆ§Ć£o de corpos e tentativas de (re)existĆŖncias. A argumentaĆ§Ć£o se desenvolve no campo da saĆŗde pĆŗblica, em particular o da saĆŗde mental, e alicerƧada nos estudos de gĆŖnero e sexualidade. A produĆ§Ć£o de dados se valeu de observaƧƵes registradas em diĆ”rio de campo, acompanhamento itinerante, composiĆ§Ć£o de um coletivo de pesquisa, entrevistas, grupos focais em que, dentre outras coisas, se discutia trechos de diĆ”rios de campo, rodas de conversa e oficinas com profissionais e usuĆ”ri*s. A aposta metodolĆ³gica foi a de forjar um modo de narrar coletivo que agenciasse experimentaĆ§Ć£o e desaprendizagens corporais, junto a modos de produzir cuidado em saĆŗde e de fazer pesquisa.The paper presents part of the research productions that accompanied the construction of bodies inserted in a Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAPS-AD) of a city in the northern region of Brasil, focusing more sharply on masculinities arrangements. Special attention is given to the tension between normalized bodies and attempts at resistance and (re) exist. The argument is in the field of public health, particularly mental health, and rooted in gender and sexuality studies. The data production methodology made use of observations recorded in a diary, itinerant follow-up of a collective of research, interviews, focus groups where, among other things, was discussed diary topics, conversation circles and workshops. The attempt was to produce a way of collective narrating strategy, combining up experience and body (un)learn well as ways of producing health care and doing research

    New approaches to measure interfacial rheology of confined fluids

    No full text
    Several instrumental developments to examine the rheology of ultrathin confined liquids are described. These include capacitance sensing of the film thickness, concurrent measurement of normal and shear forces by piezoelectric methods, application of periodic forces in the normal direction to determine dynamic oscillatory shear moduli, and quantification of apparatus misalignment. The method to separate apparatus from sample contributions is stressed

    Micron-gap rheo-optics with parallel plates

    No full text
    Solid planar plates with area up to several square centimeters can be made parallel at controllable separations from ca. 0.1 (if airborne dust is eliminated) to &gt; 500 mu m. Apart from dust and surface roughness, which set the lower bound of plate-plate separation, there is no other fundamental constraint on the type of surface (metallic or dielectric; opaque or translucent) that can be studied. When conducting plates are employed, it is possible to apply an electric field in the direction normal to the plates and observe the competition between shear fields and electric fields in orthogonal directions. The large surface area should afford sufficient quantity of sample to make possible various spectroscopic and scattering experiments (especially infrared and dielectric spectroscopy in the direction normal to the plates, and x-ray and neutron reflectivity)

    Critique of the friction coefficient concept for wet (lubricated) sliding

    No full text
    Complications in the traditional definitions of static and kinetic friction are discussed as they pertain to lubricated sliding. First, we discuss rate criteria to observe stick-slip motion and show that stick-slip occurs only when thin liquid films are deformed faster than their intrinsic relaxation time. This conclusion comes from experiments with confined aqueous films in a surface forces apparatus modified to measure interfacial theology. The observation offers a new strategy to look for methods to avoid stick-slip motion by engineering the relaxation time of a confined fluid. Second, we consider the issue of transients and show, for the case of a polymer melt of PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane), that equilibration of the viscous forces was spectacularly slow to be achieved when the sliding velocity was changed. Overshoots of force were observed when the velocity was raised; undershoots of force were observed when the velocity was lowered. Third, we consider the question of how forces in the shear and normal directions are coupled. In systems comprised of polymer brushes in solution at near Theta solvent quality, we contrast the shear response for brush-brush sliding (both surfaces coated with end-attached polymer chains) and brush-mica sliding (one sole surface coated with end-attached polymer chains). Both systems gave nearly the same resistance to compression in the normal direction, but the latter system offered less shear resistance. The polymer brush experiments invite further theoretical interpretation

    Direct measurement of fluid mechanical properties in micro space: Liquid crystal orientation under sheer

    No full text
    The sheer-induced molecular orientation of a nematic liquid crystal, 5CB (4-pentyl-4&apos;-cyanobiphenyl) was studied ill a newly-developed apparatus in which the liquid crystal was confined between optical windows at a film thickness that is continuously variable. The molecular orientation was measured in situ during shear in the presence and absence of DC electrical bias between the two surfaces. In this preliminary study we present findings for a spacing of 10 mu m, which is comparable to the spacing of actual liquid crystal display technology Fourier transform infrared time resolved spectroscopy (FTIR-TRS) synchronized with the shear motion provided the molecular orientation as a function of time during the shear cycle. Only a slight orientation along the shear direction was found in the isotropic state but, in the homeotropic state, the molecular orientations in response to shear reflected a competition process between orientation in orthogonal directions. Shear promoted orientation parallel to the confining plates, and a DC bias voltage promoted orientation perpendicular to the confining plates

    Quantitative Analysis of Rotational Dynamics in Doped Polymers above and below the Glass Transition Temperature: A Novel Application of Second-Order Nonlinear Optics

    No full text
    Introduction. Segmental chain dynamics of amor-phous polymers above and below the glass transition temperature, T,, are characterized by a broad range of relaxation times. The reorientation of a chromophore either doped into or covalently bound to the polyme
    • ā€¦
    corecore