Mating Success of Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Females in Southern Wisconsin

Mating success of laboratory-reared gypsy moth Lymantria dispar (L.) females exposed for 24 hr on tree boles and its relationship to male moth counts in pheromone-baited traps was studied in southern Wisconsin. The relationship between mating probability of gypsy moth females and male moth counts in traps corresponded to an exponential model that can be used for predicting mating probabilities in sparse isolated populations. Relative attractiveness of females compared with traps was 0.23, which is similar to earlier estimated relative attractiveness of females in Virginia. The mortality of females from predation, however, was found to be significantly lower in Wisconsin than in Virginia, which may contribute to a larger degree of mating success. Increased long-distance dispersal of males could also contribute to the increased mating success of females. The higher rate of spread of gypsy moth populations in Wisconsin compared with other areas may be due to the increased mating success caused by the lower female mortality and higher long-distance dispersal of males

Loop: the stupid things that adults do

Loop: The stupid things that adults do The Thanet Loop is a bus route that circumnavigates Margate, Ramsgate and Broadstairs. This continuous service acts as a conveyer to the community, delivering children to school, patients to the hospital, commuters to their places of work and shoppers to town centres. In its own modest way ‘The Loop’ circulates life through Thanet, creating a pulse or a perpetual rhythm. The project ‘Loop: the stupid things that adults do’ explores the idea of a circular journey with the intention of investigating repetition. In his book ‘Rhythmanalyisis,’ philosopher Henri Lefebvre identifies two types of repetition, circular and linear. Circular repetition develops from the cosmos and occurs naturally in days, seasons, tides and phases of the moon. While linear repetition is a social construct, imposed by structure, which can result in monotonous behaviour, such as daily commutes or routine visits to the dentist. These two patterns of repetition consistently and repeatedly effect and interfere with each other, creating patterns and sequences that are part of daily life. These cycles overlap and infuse, as individual patterns of behaviour briefly entwine within the enclosed space of the bus. Furthermore, in bringing together separate individuals or trajectories there cannot be any absolute repetition, as there will always be an interjection of difference or unforeseen circumstances. The aim of each image is to record the duration of a full circuit of ‘The Loop’ in one single flat image. Repeating exactly the same journey on different days and at slightly varying times, the work explores the differentiation that can occur in replication. All the individual journeys, commutes and routines are collocated and re-presented into a distinct image for each loop. The resulting images have two titles; the first is a code that relates to the time of the trip, marking it out through a classification process. The second is produced from the conversations overheard on each particular journey. Photography as a medium is fatally intersected by temporality; the camera reduces everything to a still frame, objectifying it through a process. Time and its complex rhythms are simplified, to a state where they are traces of what has passed. Photographs as images are removed from the continuous pressures of time, allowing the subject to be contemplated, examined and considered at leisure. In order to record the whole journey within a single image, the photographs are taken using a purpose made pinhole camera. Slowly absorbing the changes before the lens, each image becomes a representation of the journey and what passed before the camera on that specific excursion. Each unique image is characterised by the people using the bus, who punctuate the journey by choosing where the bus stops. These interruptions leave an imprint within the photographs produced. However, the main emphasis of each image is the light absorbed by the film, capturing the mood or atmosphere of that day. Thanet is renowned for the unique quality of light, which has attracted artists such as J.M.W. Turner to the area. This variation and luminosity of light comes into focus through the series and creates a unique collection of images

Armée et Parti au Viêt-Nam : une symbiose au service de l'économie de marché

L'expérience historique tout à fait exceptionnelle du Viêt-Nam depuis 1945 suffit à légitimer le caractère très spécifique du rôle assumé par l'Armée populaire du Viêt-Nam (APV). Avec l'adoption du Dôi Moi - ou grand programme de réformes - en 1986, et la fin de l'Union soviétique, on pouvait penser que les autorités vietnamiennes s'écarteraient progressivement de la logique de la « nation en armes » . En fait, il n'en fut rien et le Viêt-Nam associe désormais encore plus étroitement VAPV à des activités économiques importantes. Le Parti communiste vietnamien, et cela contrairement à son homologue chinois, ne cherche pas à professionnaliser véritablement son armée qui devient plus que jamais l'instrument du maintien de l'ordre intérieur. Cette symbiose volontairement renforcée se traduit par l'attribution de nouvelles fonctions civiles à VAPV. Divisé en trois parties , cet article étudie donc l'imbrication des rapports Parti-Armée, la mobilisation des militaires sur le front économique et l'amorce d'un professionnalisme immédiatement compensé par la définition de nouvelles tâches civiles.The analysis of civil-military relations is largely dominated by liberal theories. This paper demonstrates that the Vietnam People's Army remains in a symbiotic relation with the communist party although it is just starting to occupy a more autonomous role in the political system. The first part is an overview of the historical background in which the VPA was founded, the second part is concerned with the involvement of the army in economic reforms ; it discusses the way the VPA appears to be at the fore front of Vietnam's transition to a market economy. Although there has been, until now, no attempt to curtail the VPA'S roles in commercial and economic activities, the communist party is extending the army's role in the maintenance of internal order and security. A process of increasing professionalism, however, has begun, thus compensating for the decline of the VPA'S defense mission

Bearing Witness to the Beauty of Enactive Kinesthetic Empathy across Species in Canine-Human and Equine-Human Interactions: Participant-Observation Ethnographies

Through observations from ethnographic fieldwork the authors seek to highlight the significance of equine-human and canine-human communication to the fields of both human- animal studies and eudaimonia theories of human well-being. As we shared our insights through academic conversations about our respective research findings, we realized that both studies explore the enigmatic and significant concept of kinesthetic empathy in communication and relationship building between horses and young people and between dogs and young children. The canine-child setting (Study A) is a primary school and classroom in which the children voted to share their environment with a school dog, and the equine-adolescent setting (Study B) is an intervention program for young people experiencing social and emotional challenges because of being excluded from the mainstream education system. Observations revealed that the notion of kinesthetic empathy is apparent across species and plays a key role in the well-being of both animal and human. These observations are described and animated through rich descriptions from field notes and photographs taken from both settings. Both studies bring to light the significance of touch, movement, and attunement in human-animal communication to further add to this emerging field. Marrying these concepts together, as we have attempted here, could prove a major step forward in strengthening this field, as the need for robust methodologies is purported. This paper will be of interest to professionals across disciplines such as education, social work, health care, sociology, and human-animal studies

News Stories of Intimate Partner Violence: An Experimental Examination of Participant Sex, Perpetrator Sex, and Violence Severity on Seriousness, Sympathy, and Punishment Preferences

This study experimentally examines the effects of participant sex, perpetrator sex, and severity of violence on perceptions of intimate partner violence (IPV) seriousness, sympathy toward the victim, and punishment preferences for the perpetrator. Participants (N = 449) were randomly assigned to a condition, exposed to a composite news story, and then completed a survey. Ratings of seriousness of IPV for stories with male perpetrators were significantly higher than ratings of seriousness for stories with female perpetrators. Men had significantly higher sympathy for female victims in any condition than for male victims in the weak or strong severity of violence conditions. Men’s sympathy for male victims in the fatal severity of violence condition did not differ from their sympathy for female victims. Women had the least sympathy for female victims in the weak severity condition and men in the weak or strong severity conditions. Women reported significantly higher sympathy for female victims in the strong and fatal severity of violence conditions. Women’s ratings of sympathy for male victims in the fatal severity of violence condition were statistically indistinguishable from any other group. Participants reported stronger punishment preferences for male perpetrators and this effect was magnified among men. Theoretical implications are presented with attention provided to practical considerations about support for public health services

Mating Success of Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Females in Southern Wisconsin

Mating success of laboratory-reared gypsy moth Lymantria dispar (L.) females exposed for 24 hr on tree boles and its relationship to male moth counts in pheromone-baited traps was studied in southern Wisconsin. The relationship between mating probability of gypsy moth females and male moth counts in traps corresponded to an exponential model that can be used for predicting mating probabilities in sparse isolated populations. Relative attractiveness of females compared with traps was 0.23, which is similar to earlier estimated relative attractiveness of females in Virginia. The mortality of females from predation, however, was found to be significantly lower in Wisconsin than in Virginia, which may contribute to a larger degree of mating success. Increased long-distance dispersal of males could also contribute to the increased mating success of females. The higher rate of spread of gypsy moth populations in Wisconsin compared with other areas may be due to the increased mating success caused by the lower female mortality and higher long-distance dispersal of males

The Fate of Primary Health Care in Brazil

SUMMARY Primary health care programmes have only partially succeeded in redressing the health and health care inequalities suffered by the Brazilian population over the last few decades. In discussing a recent unsuccessful attempt to institute a national programme, the article suggests that vested interests in health care, technocratic disputes, and the lack of popular participation, have maintained the inequitable situation. RESUMEN El destino de la atención primaria de salud en Brasil Los programas de atención primaria de salud sólo han tenido un éxito parcial en remediar las desigualdades en la salud y la atención primaria de salud, sufridas por la población brasileña durante las últimas décadas. Después de analizar un reciente intento frustrado de instaurar un programa nacional, el artículo sugiere que esta situación se ha mantenido por la existencia de intereses creados en la atención primaria de salud, disputas tecnocráticas y ausencia de participación popular. RESUMES Le sort de l'assistance médicale primaire au Brésil Les programmes d'assistance médicale primaire n'ont réussi que partiellement à redresser les inégalités qu'a subies la population brésilienne durant les dernières décennies sur le plan de la santé et des soins médicaux. En évoquant un récent échec pour instituer un programme national l'article laisse entendre que des intérêts acquis dans l'assistance médicale, des disputes technocratiques et l'absence de participation publique ont maintenu une situation inéquitable

A Study of the Relationship between Balance on Stationary and Moving Objects

This study investigated the relationship between balance on a moving base and balance on a stationary base. The hypothesis chosen for this investigation was that the correlation between the two types of balance would be zero