Event-by-event analysis : possible testing ground for the nuclear matter equation of state

Intranuclear cascade calculations and fluid dynamical predictions of the kinetic energy flow are compared for collisions of 40Ca + 40Ca and 238U + 238U. The aspect ratio, R13, as obtained from the global analysis, is independent of the bombarding energy for the intranuclear cascade model. Fluid dynamics, on the other hand, predicts a dramatic increase of R13 at medium energies Elab≲200 MeV/nucleon. In fact, R13(Elab) directly reflects the incompressibility of the nuclear matter and can be used to extract the nuclear equation of stat at high densities. Distortions of the flow tensor due to few nucleon scattering are analyzed. Possible procedures to remove this background from experimental data are discussed

Rechnerische Bestimmung der lonenbeweglichkeit in Ziegelstein unter Zuhilfenahme von Ergebnissen aus nichtstationären Diffusionsversuchen

Ion concentration profiles in sandwich-brick specimens have been determined experimentally at different degrees of water saturation. Based on the experimental data, ion diffusion coefficients were determined by inverse analysis. The diffusion equation served as a basis for an optimization technique. It has been shown that the ion diffusivity in bricks decreases markedly as the moisture content decreases. The interface between two adjacent bricks slows down the ion migration at low water content in particular. It is planed to investigate the interface between mortar and bricks in further experimental and numerical studie

Adjustable microchip ring trap for cold atoms and molecules

We describe the design and function of a circular magnetic waveguide produced from wires on a microchip for atom interferometry using deBroglie waves. The guide is a two-dimensional magnetic minimum for trapping weak-field seeking states of atoms or molecules with a magnetic dipole moment. The design consists of seven circular wires sharing a common radius. We describe the design, the time-dependent currents of the wires and show that it is possible to form a circular waveguide with adjustable height and gradient while minimizing perturbation resulting from leads or wire crossings. This maximal area geometry is suited for rotation sensing with atom interferometry via the Sagnac effect using either cold atoms, molecules and Bose-condensed systems

A space-time hybrid hourly rainfall model for derived flood frequency analysis

For derived flood frequency analysis based on hydrological modelling long continuous precipitation time series with high temporal resolution are needed. Often, the observation network with recording rainfall gauges is poor, especially regarding the limited length of the available rainfall time series. Stochastic precipitation synthesis is a good alternative either to extend or to regionalise rainfall series to provide adequate input for long-term rainfall-runoff modelling with subsequent estimation of design floods. Here, a new two step procedure for stochastic synthesis of continuous hourly space-time rainfall is proposed and tested for the extension of short observed precipitation time series. First, a single-site alternating renewal model is presented to simulate independent hourly precipitation time series for several locations. The alternating renewal model describes wet spell durations, dry spell durations and wet spell intensities using univariate frequency distributions separately for two seasons. The dependence between wet spell intensity and duration is accounted for by 2-copulas. For disaggregation of the wet spells into hourly intensities a predefined profile is used. In the second step a multi-site resampling procedure is applied on the synthetic point rainfall event series to reproduce the spatial dependence structure of rainfall. Resampling is carried out successively on all synthetic event series using simulated annealing with an objective function considering three bivariate spatial rainfall characteristics. In a case study synthetic precipitation is generated for some locations with short observation records in two mesoscale catchments of the Bode river basin located in northern Germany. The synthetic rainfall data are then applied for derived flood frequency analysis using the hydrological model HEC-HMS. The results show good performance in reproducing average and extreme rainfall characteristics as well as in reproducing observed flood frequencies. The presented model has the potential to be used for ungauged locations through regionalisation of the model parameters.BMBF/FKZ:033068

Absence of a consistent classical equation of motion for a mass-renormalized point charge

The restrictions of analyticity, relativistic (Born) rigidity, and negligible O(a) terms involved in the evaluation of the self electromagnetic force on an extended charged sphere of radius "a" are explicitly revealed and taken into account in order to obtain a classical equation of motion of the extended charge that is both causal and conserves momentum-energy. Because the power-series expansion used in the evaluation of the self force becomes invalid during transition time intervals immediately following the application and termination of an otherwise analytic externally applied force, transition forces must be included during these transition time intervals to remove the noncausal pre-acceleration and pre-deceleration from the solutions to the equation of motion without the transition forces. For the extended charged sphere, the transition forces can be chosen to maintain conservation of momentum-energy in the causal solutions to the equation of motion within the restrictions of relativistic rigidity and negligible O(a) terms under which the equation of motion is derived. However, it is shown that renormalization of the electrostatic mass to a finite value as the radius of the charge approaches zero introduces a violation of momentum-energy conservation into the causal solutions to the equation of motion of the point charge if the magnitude of the external force becomes too large. That is, the causal classical equation of motion of a point charge with renormalized mass experiences a high acceleration catastrophe.Comment: 13 pages, No figure

Atom chips on direct bonded copper substrates

We present the use of direct bonded copper (DBC) for the straightforward fabrication of high power atom chips. Atom chips using DBC have several benefits: excellent copper/substrate adhesion, high purity, thick (> 100 microns) copper layers, high substrate thermal conductivity, high aspect ratio wires, the potential for rapid (< 8 hr) fabrication, and three dimensional atom chip structures. Two mask options for DBC atom chip fabrication are presented, as well as two methods for etching wire patterns into the copper layer. The wire aspect ratio that optimizes the magnetic field gradient as a function of power dissipation is determined to be 0.84:1 (height:width). The optimal wire thickness as a function of magnetic trapping height is also determined. A test chip, able to support 100 A of current for 2 s without failing, is used to determine the thermal impedance of the DBC. An assembly using two DBC atom chips to provide magnetic confinement is also shown.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure

Unmet challenges in septoplasty-nordic studies from a uniform healthcare and geographical area

PurposeNasal septoplasty is one of the most common surgical procedures in otorhinolaryngology and optimising both patient selection and the surgery is a challenge. The Nordic countries have similar public healthcare systems and comparable populations in terms of size. MethodsThis is a review of studies of outcome and predictors related to septoplasty from Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden, published during the last decade. The aim of this review was to identify areas in need of further research to meet the challenges of septoplasty in the Nordic countries with reference to international data. ResultsPostoperative patient satisfaction at 6-12 months was reported in around 2/3 of the patients and well in line with international data. Patients with more severe symptoms had a higher chance of improvement. Lack of standardisation in patient selection, surgical methods and skills, and follow up procedures, still makes it difficult to explain the 25% failure rate in septoplasty surgery. ConclusionThis review of the Nordic studies from the last decade shows that septoplasty in general is effective in relieving nasal obstruction. There is a need for studies addressing the standardisation of diagnostic tools and algorithms and the systematic and continuous implementation of follow-up of the surgical results at both departmental and personal level. This includes an awareness of how surgical skills in septoplasty are obtained and maintained.Peer reviewe

Perception of Patients with Cancer Enquiring About Adjuvant Therapy with Cannabis Medicine for Palliation of Symptoms:An Interview Study among Danish Health Care Professionals

BACKGROUND: A medicinal cannabis pilot program was launched in Denmark in 2018 to support patients as countermeasure against self-medication by use of cannabis products from the illicit market. The aim was to facilitate patient access to adjuvate therapy using medicinal cannabis under the guidance of physicians. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this interview study was to elucidate how health care professionals (HCPs) perceive cancer patients enquiring about cannabis medicine (CM), including medicinal cannabis and cannabis-based medicine, for adjuvant palliative therapy. DESIGN: The program used semistructured qualitative research interviews with thematic analysis. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: Fifty HCPs took part in the study with 10 informants in each of the following 5 groups: oncologists, palliative care specialists, general practitioners, registered nurses in oncology, and in palliative care. RESULTS: The informants reported that optional CM as adjuvant therapy was only discussed when initiated by the patient or relatives. Reluctance by HCPs to enter into a dialogue about CM with their patients was mainly explained by the lack of clinical evidence for the use of CM in palliative care of patients with cancer. None of the oncologists had ever prescribed CM, while three palliative care specialists and two general practitioners had issued prescriptions on rare occasions. CONCLUSION: HCPs involved in cancer treatment and palliative care are in general reluctant to discuss optional adjuvant CM therapy with their patients. The Danish health care authorities need to address this barrier to ensure that patients eligible for CM therapy are given this option as intended by the launch of the national pilot program

Solving the TTC 2011 Compiler Optimization Case with GROOVE

This report presents a partial solution to the Compiler Optimization case study using GROOVE. We explain how the input graphs provided with the case study were adapted into a GROOVE representation and we describe an initial solution for Task 1. This solution allows us to automatically reproduce the steps of the constant folding example given in the case description. We did not solve Task 2.Comment: In Proceedings TTC 2011, arXiv:1111.440