34 research outputs found
Photo Thermal Effect Graphene Detector Featuring 105 Gbit s-1 NRZ and 120 Gbit s-1 PAM4 Direct Detection
The challenge of next generation datacom and telecom communication is to
increase the available bandwidth while reducing the size, cost and power
consumption of photonic integrated circuits. Silicon (Si) photonics has emerged
as a viable solution to reach these objectives. Graphene, a single-atom thick
layer of carbon5, has been recently proposed to be integrated with Si photonics
because of its very high mobility, fast carrier dynamics and ultra-broadband
optical properties. Here, we focus on graphene photodetectors for high speed
datacom and telecom applications. High speed graphene photodetectors have been
demonstrated so far, however the most are based on the photo-bolometric (PB) or
photo-conductive (PC) effect. These devices are characterized by large dark
current, in the order of milli-Amperes , which is an impairment in
photo-receivers design, Photo-thermo-electric (PTE) effect has been identified
as an alternative phenomenon for light detection. The main advantages of
PTE-based photodetectors are the optical power to voltage conversion, zero-bias
operation and ultra-fast response. Graphene PTE-based photodetectors have been
reported in literature, however high-speed optical signal detection has not
been shown. Here, we report on an optimized graphene PTE-based photodetector
with flat frequency response up to 65 GHz. Thanks to the optimized design we
demonstrate a system test leading to direct detection of 105 Gbit s-1
non-return to zero (NRZ) and 120 Gbit s-1 4-level pulse amplitude modulation
(PAM) optical signal
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A population-based dataset concerning predictors of willingness to get a COVID-19 vaccine in Iran
The global issue of preventing the spread of COVID-19 is challenging. One of the most efficient ways to control the pandemic is to have a full coverage of COVID-19 vaccination. Therefore, this paper collected survey data to understand the intention and willingness of COVID-19 vaccination uptake in Qazvin, Iran. With the use of a paper-and-pencil method and multistage stratified cluster sampling, research personnel approached and interviewed a representative sample of adults in Qazvin (n = 10843) between February 19 and April 9, 2021. The survey asked questions regarding sociodemographic information, fear of COVID-19, perceived COVID-19 infectability, perceived behavioral control over COVID-19 vaccination, subjective norm of COVID-19 vaccination, attitude towards COVID-19 vaccination, and intention to get COVID-19 vaccinated. The data collected from this survey were analyzed using descriptive statistics, which were carried out using the IBM SPSS version 17.0
Fear of COVID-19 and perceived COVID-19 infectability supplement theory of planned behavior to explain Iranians' intention to get COVID-19 vaccinated
One of the most efficient methods to control the high infection rate of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is to have a high coverage of COVID-19 vaccination worldwide. Therefore, it is important to understand individuals’ intention to get COVID-19 vaccinated. The present study applied the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to explain the intention to get COVID-19 vaccinated among a representative sample in Qazvin, Iran. The TPB uses psychological constructs of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control to explain an individual’s intention to perform a behavior. Fear and perceived infectability were additionally incorporated into the TPB to explain the intention to get COVID-19 vaccinated. Utilizing multistage stratified cluster sampling, 10,843 participants (4092 males; 37.7%) with a mean age of 35.54 years (SD = 12.00) completed a survey. The survey assessed TPB constructs (including attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention related to COVID-19 vaccination) together with fear of COVID-19 and perceived COVID-19 infectability. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed to examine whether fear of COVID-19, perceived infectability, and the TPB constructs explained individuals’ intention to get COVID-19 vaccinated. The SEM demonstrated satisfactory fit (comparative fit index = 0.970; Tucker-Lewis index = 0.962; root mean square error of approximation = 0.040; standardized root mean square residual = 0.050). Moreover, perceived behavioral control, subjective norm, attitude, and perceived COVID-19 infectability significantly explained individuals’ intention to get COVID-19 vaccinated. Perceived COVID-19 infectability and TPB constructs were all significant mediators in the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and intention to get COVID-19 vaccinated. Incorporating fear of COVID-19 and perceived COVID-19 infectability effectively into the TPB explained Iranians’ intention to get COVID-19 vaccinated. Therefore, Iranians who have a strong belief in Muslim religion may improve their intention to get COVID-19 vaccinated via these constructs