241 research outputs found

    Klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended spectrum β-lactamase in Regional Military University Hospital of Oran, Algeria: antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, and detection of blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes

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    Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a bacterial pathogen commonly associated with severe nosocomial and community acquired infections  especially through the acquisition of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESβL) and biofilm formation capacity. The objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence of K. pneumoniae ESβL (KP-ESβL)-producing isolates in the Regional Military University Hospital of Oran (HMRUO) Algeria,characterize their antibiotic resistance profile, genetically detect blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes, and evaluate their biofilm formation capacity.Methodology: Different clinical specimens including blood, cerebrospinal fluids, urine and catheter, pus, perirectal abscess, and surgical wounds were collected from patients with suspected clinical infections in different units and departments of the hospital. The specimens were cultured on Blood, MacConkey and CLED agar (for urine only) plates and incubated aerobically for 24 hours at 37°C for preliminary identification of bacteria using conventional colony morphology, Gram stain reaction, and disk diffusion test for antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST). Confirmation of isolates, antibiogram, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and detection of resistance phenotypes, were carried out by the automated Vitek 2 (BioMĂ©rieux) identification and susceptibility method. ESβL production was confirmed by the synergy and combination disk tests. ESβL genes were detected by conventional simplex PCR and biofilm formation was detected by the tissue culture plate (TCP) method.Results: A total of 630 patients’ clinical samples (one sample per patient) were processed. Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated in 40 (6.3%) samples, and 15 of these (37.5%) produced ESβL. In the disk diffusion AST assay, all 40 K. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to ampicillin and ticarcillin while all 40 isolates were sensitive to cefoxitin, imipenem and ertapenem. KP-ESβL producing isolates were more frequently recovered from intensive care unit (33.3%) and from urine (46.7%) samples. Group 1 blaCTX-M genes were detected in 13 of the 15 (86.7%) KP-ESβL isolates, and 46.7% of these isolates were moderate biofilm producers.Conclusion: There is need for health departments to put in place preventative measures through regular surveillance of these resistant pathogens and initiating appropriate infection prevention and control strategies to limit their spread in Algerian hospitals and worldwide. Keywords: Klebsiella pneumoniae, ESβL, biofilm, PCR, antibacterial resistance   French title: Klebsiella pneumoniae productrice de-lactamase spectre tendu dans l'hĂ´pital universitaire militaire rĂ©gional d'Oran, AlgĂ©rie: rĂ©sistance aux antibiotiques, formation de biofilm et dĂ©tection desgènes blaCTX-M et blaTEM Contexte: Klebsiella pneumoniae est un pathogène bactĂ©rien communĂ©ment associĂ© aux infectionsnosocomiales et communautaires sĂ©vères, en particulier par l'acquisition de β-lactamases Ă  spectre Ă©tendu(ESβL) et la capacitĂ© de formation de biofilm. Les objectifs de cette Ă©tude sont de dĂ©terminer la prĂ©valence desisolats de K. pneumoniae producteurs de βLSE (KP-βLSE) au CHU d'Oran (HMRUO) AlgĂ©rie, caractĂ©riser leurprofil de rĂ©sistance aux antibiotiques, dĂ©tecter gĂ©nĂ©tiquement les gènes blaTEM et blaCTX-M, et Ă©valuer leurcapacitĂ© de formation de biofilm.MĂ©thodologie: DiffĂ©rents Ă©chantillons cliniques, y compris du sang, des liquides cĂ©phalo-rachidiens, de l'urinemictionnelle et du cathĂ©ter, du pus, des abcès pĂ©rirectal et des plaies chirurgicales ont Ă©tĂ© prĂ©levĂ©s despatients suspectĂ©s d'infections cliniques dans diffĂ©rentes unitĂ©s et dĂ©partements de l'hĂ´pital. Les Ă©chantillonsont Ă©tĂ© cultivĂ©s sur des milieu de culture: deglose au sang, MacConkey et CLED (pour l'urine uniquement) etincubĂ©s en aĂ©robie pendant 24heures Ă  37°C pour l'identification prĂ©liminaire des bactĂ©ries en utilisant lamorphologie conventionnelle des colonies, la coloration de Gram et le test de diffusion sur disque pour les testsde sensibilitĂ© aux antibiotiques (AST). La confirmation des isolats, l'antibiogramme, la concentration minimaleinhibitrice (CMI) et la dĂ©tection des phĂ©notypes de rĂ©sistance ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s par la mĂ©thode automatisĂ©ed'identification et de sensibilitĂ© sur Vitek 2 (BioMĂ©rieux). La production de βLSE a Ă©tĂ© confirmĂ©e par les tests desynergie et de double disques. Les gènes de βLSE ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©tectĂ©s par PCR simplex conventionnelle et laformation de biofilm a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©tectĂ©e par la mĂ©thode de la plaque de culture tissulaire (TCP).RĂ©sultats: Un total de 630 Ă©chantillons cliniques de patients (un Ă©chantillon par patient) ont Ă©tĂ© traitĂ©s.Klebsiella pneumoniae a Ă©tĂ© isolĂ© dans 40 Ă©chantillons (6,3%) et 15 d'entre eux (37,5%) ont produit des βLSE.Dans le test AST Ă  diffusion sur disque, tous les 40 isolats de K. pneumoniae Ă©taient rĂ©sistants Ă  l'ampicilline etĂ  la ticarcilline, tandis que les 40 isolats Ă©taient sensibles Ă  la cĂ©foxitine, Ă  l'imipĂ©nème et Ă  l'ertapĂ©nème. Lesisolats producteurs de KP-βLSE ont Ă©tĂ© plus frĂ©quemment rĂ©cupĂ©rĂ©s dans les unitĂ©s de soins intensifs (33,3%)et dans les Ă©chantillons d'urine (46,7%). Les gènes blaCTX-M du groupe 1 ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©tectĂ©s dans 13 des 15 isolatsde KP-βLSE (86,7%), et 46,7% de ces isolats Ă©taient des producteurs de biofilm modĂ©rĂ©s.Conclusion: Il est nĂ©cessaire que les services de santĂ© mettent en place des mesures prĂ©ventives grâce Ă  unesurveillance rĂ©gulière de ces pathogènes rĂ©sistants et Ă  la mise en place de stratĂ©gies appropriĂ©es deprĂ©vention et de contrĂ´le des infections pour limiter leur propagation dans les hĂ´pitaux algĂ©riens et dans lemonde. Mots clĂ©s: Klebsiella pneumoniae, βLSE, biofilm, PCR, rĂ©sistance antibactĂ©rienne &nbsp

    Qualité physicochimique et bactériologique de trois stations thermales dans les régions de Fès, Maroc

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    Les sources thermales au Maroc constituent une richesse inestimable et sont fréquemment exploitées par la population pour différents usages. Cette dernière peut être exposée à des risques de contamination par des germes pathogènes dans les stations thermales mal entretenues. C'est dans ce cadre qu'une étude portant sur la qualité physicochimique et bactériologique de trois sources situées près de la ville de Fès : Sidi Harazem, Moulay Yaâcoub et Ain Allah a été réalisée. Les prélèvements d'eau effectués mensuellement entre Octobre 2012 et Mars 2013 dans les trois stations et à différents points, ont été analysés selon des protocoles standardisés conformément aux normes. Les résultats ont montré que les paramètres physico-chimiques des eaux des trois stations prélevées au niveau des fontaines et du réservoir répondent aux normes marocaines en vigueur. Les analyses bactériologiques ont montré l’absence des germes pathogènes dans les eaux de fontaine des trois stations étudiées. Les eaux de piscine de la station Ain Allah ont présenté, une forte contamination par la flore mésophile et les indicateurs de pollution fécale (coliformes totaux, coliformes fécaux, Escherichia coli et les streptocoques fécaux) par rapport aux eaux de piscine de la station Moulay Yaâcoub qui présentent des densités très faibles. Cette charge bactérienne est liée essentiellement à la fréquentation de cette station par nombre important de baigneurs durant cette saison ainsi qu’à la température qui favorise la croissance des micro-organismes. L’utilisation de ces eaux pour la baignade pourrait être à l’origine de maladies transmises par les eaux de baignade. Ces piscines doivent donc être soumises à un contrôle régulier de la charge et de la nature de la flore microbienne de leurs eaux.Mots-clés: sidi harazem, moulay Yaâcoub, ain allah, physico-chimie, bactériologie, fès, Maroc. Physicochemical and bacteriological quality of three spas in Fez region (Morocco)Hot springs in Morocco are an invaluable wealth and are frequently used by the population for different purposes. The latter may be exposed to the risk of contamination by pathogens in poorly maintained spas. It is in this context, a study of the physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of three springs near Fez city: Sidi Harazem, Moulay Yaâcoub and Ain Allah was performed. Water samples collected monthly between October 2012 and March 2013 in the three stations and at different points were analyzed according to standardized and normalized protocols. The results showed that the physico-chemical parameters of the three station’s waters collected from fountain and reservoir meet Moroccan standards (NM 03.07.001/2006). Bacteriological analysis showed the absence of pathogens in the fountain’s water of the three studied stations. The swimming pool’s water of Ain Allah station presented a strong contamination by mesophilic flora and by faecal pollution indicators (total coliforms, fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli and faecal streptococci) comparing to the water of Moulay Yacoub station swimming pool which exhibit very low bacterial densities. This bacterial density is mainly related to the large number of bathers in this station during this season and also to the temperature that promotes the microorganism’sgrowth. The use of these waters for swimming could be the cause of diseases and illness transmitted by bathing waters. These swimming pools must be subject to regular monitoring of the density and the nature oftheir water’s microbial flora.Keywords: sidi harazem, moulay yaâcoub, ain allah, physico-chemical, bacteriology, fez, Morocco

    Complete remission of an advanced hormone receptor positive Her2-negative breast cancer treated by first line palbociclib-letrozole and local treatment

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    The palbociclib-letrozole combination has revolutionized the treatment of Hormone-receptor-positive Her2-negative advanced breast cancers. The aim of the inclusion of targeted agents in endocrine based therapy is to prolong hormonsensitivity and to delay the initiation of subsequent chemotherapy, especially for patients with low disease burden. However, the interest of locoregional treatment after response to initial therapy in advanced disease still investigational especially in the era of biotherapy. In the present case report, we showed the possible complete response with hormone-therapy associated to targeted therapy and highlighted the role of loco-regional treatment in this situation

    Profil épidémiologique et prise en charge des exacerbations d’asthme chez l’enfant à l’hôpital d’enfants de Rabat au Maroc

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    Introduction: l’exacerbation d’asthme est un phénomène paroxystique qui peut mettre en jeu le pronostic vital. Le but de l’étude est d’évaluer leprofil épidémiologique et les modalités de prise en charge de  l’exacerbation d’asthme chez les enfants âgés de 2 à 15 ans dans l’unité de pneumoallergologie pédiatrique de l’hôpital d’enfants de Rabat au Maroc.Méthodes: il s’agit d’une étude rétrospective qui a concerné 1461 enfants hospitalisés pour exacerbation d’asthme modérée à sévère durant une période d’un an allant de décembre 2011 à novembre 2012, les exacerbations légères étant traitées en ambulatoire.Résultats: les hospitalisations pour exacerbation d’asthme chez les  enfants ont représenté 34 % de l’ensemble des hospitalisations avec trois pics en mai, septembre et décembre. L’âge moyen de survenue était de 3 ans et demi avec une prédominance masculine nette. L’exacerbation  d’asthme était inaugurale dans 22 % des cas. Les infections respiratoires virales dominaient les facteurs déclenchants des exacerbations d’asthme. Le séjour hospitalier était en moyenne de 3 jours. Un transfert en  réanimation a été nécessaire dans 2 % des cas. L’évolution sous  traitement a toujours été favorable et la mortalité a été nulle. Conclusion: la prévalence des hospitalisations pour exacerbation d’asthme suit un profil saisonnier lié aux effets environnementaux. La plupart de ces hospitalisations pourraient cependant être évitées grâce à un meilleur contrôle de l’asthme et à l’amélioration de l’éducation thérapeutique de l’enfant asthmatique et de son entourage

    Rapid and sensitive methods for detection of Allorhizobium vitis, causal agent of grapevine crown gall

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    A rapid method and sensitive methods for extraction of bacterial DNA from pure culture and directly from plant materiel were compared in polymerase chain reaction with specific primers VCF3/VCR3 to see the reliable method that can used in the detection of tumorigenic strain of Allorhizobium vitis causal agent of grapevine crown gall. From the three tested methods of DNA extraction from pure culture, the alkaline method is the most effective technique for the extraction presenting a high sensitivity with a detection threshold equal to 5.104 CFU/ml. Five different protocols for extracting bacterial DNA from plant tissues of infected tomato, based on the use of an extraction buffer, were tested to see its usefulness in detecting pathogenic strain of A. vitisS4. Two protocols based on the use of Triton X-100 and Tween 20 were efficient for detecting A. vitis S4 directly from tomato tumors with a sensitivity of 103 CFU/ml for the both protocols. Consequently, these protocols were proposed as specific protocols for the detection of tumorigenic strain of A. vitis from symptomatic and asymptomatic plants

    Chemical composition analysis of essential oils of four plants from Aurès region of Algeria and their antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against coagulase-negative staphylococci

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    Background: The altitudinal and geographical variability of the Aurès mountains of Algeria favored the existence of some endemic and rare varieties of medicinal plants. The aim of the present work is to determine the chemical composition, antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of the  essential oils (EOs) from aerial parts of four medicinal plants from Aurès region of Algeria; Juniperus thurifera L., Juniperus oxycedrus L., Salvia   officinalis L. and Thymus ciliatus ssp. munbyanus (Boiss. & Reut.) Batt. on coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolates. Methodology: Extraction of EOs from the four plant materials was carried out by hydro-distillation, and the EO yield expressed in gram of the distillate per 100 grams of dry matter. The chemical composition of the EOs was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. In vitro antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the EOs were evaluated against CoNS previously isolated at the Anti-Cancer Center of Batna, Algeria using the agar disc diffusion assay and biofilm inhibition study, respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum  bacterial concentration (MBC) of the EOs of S. officinalis L. and T. ciliatus ssp. munbyanus were determined by the dilution method. Results: Twenty-seven and 41 compounds rich in monoterpene hydrocarbons were identified from J. oxycedrus and J. thurifera plants respectively, while 45 and 32 compounds, constituted mainly by oxygenated monoterpenes, were identified from S. officinalis L. and T. ciliatus ssp. munbyanus, respectively. The EOs of T. ciliatus ssp. munbyanus showed the most inhibitory activity of all the four plants on CoNS isolates (n=66) with mean  inhibition zone diameter of 24.99±6.29mm, and mean MIC and MBC values of 2.65±3.77mg/ml and 5.31±7.41mg/ml respectively, followed by S.  officinalis L., with mean inhibition zone diameter of 13.38± 6.52mm, and mean MIC and MBC values of 27.53±28.2 mg/ml and 31.97±33.19 mg/ml  respectively (p<0.0001 by one-way ANOVA). Also, percentage biofilm inhibition of CoNS isolates (n=59) was high for EOs of T. ciliatus ssp. munbyanus  (65.63±10.71%) and S. officinalis L. (53.13±5.83%), although was significantly higher for T. ciliatus ssp. munbyanus compared to S. officinalis L. (p<0.0001, t=7.874). Conclusion: Essential oils from T. ciliatus ssp. munbyanus and S. officinalis L. could represent an alternative to classical antibiotics against planktonic cells and biofilms of CoNS

    Etude Ethnobotanique Sur L’utilisation De Mentha Pulegium, Mentha Piperita Et Pelargonium Graveolens Au Nord Du Maroc (Taounate) Et Évaluation De Leur Pouvoir Antimicrobien

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    Traditional medicine has always occupied an important place in Moroccan traditions medication, Taounate region is concrete example. Thus, this survey aims to highlight the different uses of Mentha pulegium, Mentha piperita and Pelargonium graveolens in Taounate city during April month 2017, and to evaluate their antimicrobial potency against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Acinetobacter baumannii by microdilution method. A questionnaire was used with residents, herbalists and phytotherapists. The results showed that these three plants are used mainly for their therapeutic virtues; precisely against digestive disorders representing the most cited diseases for Mentha piperita (51%), respiratory diseases for Mentha pulegium (50%) and dermatological conditions for Pelargonium graveolens(44%). The majority of remedies are prepared by decoction (56%) from leaves (71%) and usually orally administered (68%) as herbal tea (58%). Cure rate is 41% with 53% health improvement. In addition, the essential oils of these studied plants exhibited strong inhibitory effect against all tested microorganisms with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.01562% to 1% (v/v)
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