An Original Approach for Translating Grafcet into C/Unix Code for Validation Purposes

This paper proposes an approach to simulate the function of the control part of a Grafcet model, translating it into C code in a Unix environment. First, the Grafcet/C generation schemes are established. The Grafcet model, described in graphic or text form, is transformed in an internal form and then to C code by a generation algorithm based on the previously found diagrams. The result is a program that simulates the operation of the automation in question and makes it possible to validate the functional specifications of sequential automation. This validation can be used for educational purposes, such as the learning of the Grafcet formalism, or corrective or evolutionary maintenance. Once the configuration, testing, and validation of the program are complete, it is possible to implement the object code on the microcontroller of the control system

Une approche multi-agents coopératifs pour la gestion des ressources matérielles dans un contexte multi-sites de e-manufacturing.

International audienceDans cet article, nous proposons une modélisation basée sur le paradigme des systèmes multi-agents coopératifs appliquée à la gestion de ressources matérielles distribuées dans un environnement d'entreprises multisites distribués. Cette gestion constitue actuellement un challenge pour tous les producticiens du fait des influences économiques et technologiques modernes qui affectent ce genre d'entreprises. En effet, la redondance d'un stock d'un article quelconque dans plusieurs sites affecte négativement la santé économique de l'entreprise en tout, ce qui nous pousse à la recherche de méthodes optimales pouvant assurer un équilibrage de charge en matière de ces ressources entre les différents sites. Pour cela nous exploitons la plateforme Internet reliant les sites et en appliquant la technologie des Web Services basée sur les agents (agent demandeur, agent fournisseur et agent annuaire), nous mettrons en oeuvre une dynamique de coopération entre site déficitaire en article k et site excédentaire du même article et en généralisant ce principe à tous les articles, nous réaliserons l'équilibrage dynamique pouvant éviter à l'entreprise les sur-stockages et les sous-stockags de ces ressources matérielles

Optimization of NPK levels of Clementine Sidi Aissa (Citrus reticulata Blanco) trees grafted on different citrus rootstocks

Received: August 15th, 2023 ; Accepted: October 18th, 2023 ; Published: November 5th, 2023 ; Correspondence: [email protected] present study aims to investigate the impact of various nitrogen concentrations on young Clementine Sidi Aissa citrus trees (Citrus reticulata Blanco), grafted on five citrus rootstocks namely Moroccan Carrizo citrange, French Carrizo citrange, Troyer citrange, Citrus macrophylla, and sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.). The experiment took place in greenhouses at the Experimental station of El Menzeh INRA-Morocco, with the young trees grown in containers. We applied five different nitrogen treatments (expressed as mg L-1 of N-P2O5-K2O): (0–0–0), (0–25–50), (25–25–50), (50–25–50), and (100–25–50). The split-plot experimental design was used with three replications. The findings demonstrate that the nitrogen enrichment resulted in enhanced plant growth, marked by increased plant height, rootstock and scion stem diameters, diameter and shoot length, relative water content (RWC), as well as leaf chlorophyll and proline content. Optimal growth of the Clementine Sidi Aissa trees was observed under the 100–25–50 (mg L-1 of N-P2O5-K2O) treatment. The study also found that leaf nitrogen concentration increased in line with the quantity of nitrogen added, whereas the percentages of phosphorous and potassium in the leaves decreased. The most significant growth increase across the majority of the studied parameters was noted in Clementine Sidi Aissa trees grafted on Moroccan Carrizo citrange and Troyer citrange rootstocks

Twelve-month observational study of children with cancer in 41 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction Childhood cancer is a leading cause of death. It is unclear whether the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted childhood cancer mortality. In this study, we aimed to establish all-cause mortality rates for childhood cancers during the COVID-19 pandemic and determine the factors associated with mortality. Methods Prospective cohort study in 109 institutions in 41 countries. Inclusion criteria: children <18 years who were newly diagnosed with or undergoing active treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, retinoblastoma, Wilms tumour, glioma, osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, medulloblastoma and neuroblastoma. Of 2327 cases, 2118 patients were included in the study. The primary outcome measure was all-cause mortality at 30 days, 90 days and 12 months. Results All-cause mortality was 3.4% (n=71/2084) at 30-day follow-up, 5.7% (n=113/1969) at 90-day follow-up and 13.0% (n=206/1581) at 12-month follow-up. The median time from diagnosis to multidisciplinary team (MDT) plan was longest in low-income countries (7 days, IQR 3-11). Multivariable analysis revealed several factors associated with 12-month mortality, including low-income (OR 6.99 (95% CI 2.49 to 19.68); p<0.001), lower middle income (OR 3.32 (95% CI 1.96 to 5.61); p<0.001) and upper middle income (OR 3.49 (95% CI 2.02 to 6.03); p<0.001) country status and chemotherapy (OR 0.55 (95% CI 0.36 to 0.86); p=0.008) and immunotherapy (OR 0.27 (95% CI 0.08 to 0.91); p=0.035) within 30 days from MDT plan. Multivariable analysis revealed laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR 5.33 (95% CI 1.19 to 23.84); p=0.029) was associated with 30-day mortality. Conclusions Children with cancer are more likely to die within 30 days if infected with SARS-CoV-2. However, timely treatment reduced odds of death. This report provides crucial information to balance the benefits of providing anticancer therapy against the risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children with cancer

Enteric methane mitigation strategies for ruminant livestock systems in the Latin America and Caribbean region: a meta-analysis.

Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) is a developing region characterized for its importance for global food security, producing 23 and 11% of the global beef and milk production, respectively. The region?s ruminant livestock sector however, is under scrutiny on environmental grounds due to its large contribution to enteric methane (CH4) emissions and influence on global climate change. Thus, the identification of effective CH4 mitigation strategies which do not compromise animal performance is urgently needed, especially in context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) defined in the Paris Agreement of the United Nations. Therefore, the objectives of the current study were to: 1) collate a database of individual sheep, beef and dairy cattle records from enteric CH4 emission studies conducted in the LAC region, and 2) perform a meta-analysis to identify feasible enteric CH4 mitigation strategies, which do not compromise animal performance. After outlier?s removal, 2745 animal records (65% of the original data) from 103 studies were retained (from 2011 to 2021) in the LAC database. Potential mitigation strategies were classified into three main categories (i.e., animal breeding, dietary, and rumen manipulation) and up to three subcategories, totaling 34 evaluated strategies. A random effects model weighted by inverse variance was used (Comprehensive Meta-Analysis V3.3.070). Six strategies decreased at least one enteric CH4 metric and simultaneously increased milk yield (MY; dairy cattle) or average daily gain (ADG; beef cattle and sheep). The breed composition F1 Holstein × Gyr decreased CH4 emission per MY (CH4IMilk) while increasing MY by 99%. Adequate strategies of grazing management under continuous and rotational stocking decreased CH4 emission per ADG (CH4IGain) by 22 and 35%, while increasing ADG by 22 and 71%, respectively. Increased dietary protein concentration, and increased concentrate level through cottonseed meal inclusion, decreased CH4IMilk and CH4IGain by 10 and 20% and increased MY and ADG by 12 and 31%, respectively. Lastly, increased feeding level decreased CH4IGain by 37%, while increasing ADG by 171%. The identified effective mitigation strategies can be adopted by livestock producers according to their specific needs and aid LAC countries in achieving SDG as defined in the Paris Agreement

La récidive des premiers placés sous surveillance électronique

International audienc

Effect of environmental conditions on the crystallisation patterns and in vitro release of ibuprofen from drug-in-adhesive acrylic layers

For saturated formulations, where thermodynamic activity () is equal to 1, the flux of the permeant through a membrane should theoretically be constant irrespective of the delivery vehicle (Higuchi 1960). Although some studies have supported this hypothesis for saturated binary mixtures of propylene glycol (PG)/ water (e.g. Twist and Zatz 1986), variations from this ideal behaviour have been reported (e.g. Pellett et al 1994). Therefore, no definitive conclusions have been made regarding the influence of PG on the membrane transport rate of drugs from saturated vehicles. The aim of this study was to investigate systematically the impact of PG on the permeation of one drug, diclofenac diethylamine (DDEA), from a series of saturated binary mixtures, through model membranes.Peer reviewe