Projection of diabetes morbidity and mortality till 2045 in Indonesia based on risk factors and NCD prevention and control programs

Diabetes Mellitus is one of the biggest health problems in Indonesia but the research on the disease’s projection is still limited. This study aimed to make a projection model of prevalence and mortality of diabetes in Indonesia based on risk factors and NCD programs. The study was a quantitative non-experimental study through multiple linear regression models and system dynamics. The baseline projection was created by 2018 data and projections until 2045 involved the dynamization of risk factors and programs, population, and case fatality rate. The model was created from 205 districts data. This study used secondary data from Basic Health Research, BPJS Kesehatan, NCD programs, and Ministry of Health. The prevalence of diabetes in Indonesia is estimated to increase from 9.19% in 2020 (18.69 million cases) to 16.09% in 2045 (40.7 million cases). The prevalence will be lower to 15.68% (39.6 million) if interventions of programs were carried out, and to 9.22% (23.2 million) if the programs were added with prevention of risk factors. The projected number of deaths due to diabetes increases from 433,752 in 2020 to 944,468 in 2045. Deaths due to stroke among diabetes increases from 52,397 to 114,092 in the same period. Deaths from IHD among diabetes increase from 35,351 to 76,974, and deaths from chronic kidney disease among diabetes increase from 29,061 to 63,279. Diabetes prevalence and mortality in Indonesia rise significantly in Indonesia and can be reduced by intervention of several programs and risk factors. This study findings could be source of planning and evaluation of Diabetes prevention and control program at national and provincial level in the future related to risk factors control and program development

Menstruation as a Weapon of War – The Politics of the Bleeding Body for Women on Political Protest at Armagh Prison Northern Ireland.

This article draws on the voices of women political prisoners who were detained at Armagh Prison during the period of the Troubles or the Conflict in Northern Ireland. It focuses on women who undertook an extraordinary form of protest against the prison authorities during the 1980s, known as the No Wash Protest. As the prisoners were prevented from leaving their cells by prison officer either to wash or to use the toilet, the women, living in the midst of their own dirt and body waste, added menstrual blood as a form of protest

The state of health in Indonesia's provinces, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Analysing trends and levels of the burden of disease at the national level can mask inequalities in health-related progress in lower administrative units such as provinces and districts. We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to analyse health patterns in Indonesia at the provincial level between 1990 and 2019. Long-term analyses of disease burden provide insights on Indonesia's advance to universal health coverage and its ability to meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. Methods We analysed GBD 2019 estimated cause-specific mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), life expectancy at birth, healthy life expectancy, and risk factors for 286 causes of death, 369 causes of non-fatal health loss, and 87 risk factors by year, age, and sex for Indonesia and its 34 provinces from 1990 to 2019. To generate estimates for Indonesia at the national level, we used 138 location-years of data to estimate Indonesia-specific demographic indicators, 317 location-years of data for Indonesia-specific causes of death, 689 location-years of data for Indonesia-specific non-fatal outcomes, 250 location-years of data for Indonesia-specific risk factors, and 1641 location-years of data for Indonesia-specific covariates. For subnational estimates, we used the following source counts: 138 location-years of data to estimate Indonesia-specific demographic indicators; 5848 location-years of data for Indonesia-specific causes of death; 1534 location-years of data for Indonesia-specific non-fatal outcomes; 650 location-years of data for Indonesia-specific risk factors; and 16 016 location-years of data for Indonesia-specific covariates. We generated our GBD 2019 estimates for Indonesia by including 1 915 207 total source metadata rows, and we used 821 total citations. Findings Life expectancy for males across Indonesia increased from 62·5 years (95% uncertainty interval 61·3–63·7) to 69·4 years (67·2–71·6) between 1990 and 2019, a positive change of 6·9 years. For females during the same period, life expectancy increased from 65·7 years (64·5–66·8) to 73·5 years (71·6–75·6), an increase of 7·8 years. There were large disparities in health outcomes among provinces. In 2019, Bali had the highest life expectancy at birth for males (74·4 years, 70·90–77·9) and North Kalimantan had the highest life expectancy at birth for females (77·7 years, 74·7–81·2), whereas Papua had the lowest life expectancy at birth for males (64·5 years, 60·9–68·2) and North Maluku had the lowest life expectancy at birth for females (64·0 years, 60·7–67·3). The difference in life expectancy for males between the highest-ranked and lowest-ranked provinces was 9·9 years and the difference in life expectacy for females between the highest-ranked and lowest-ranked provinces was 13·7 years. Age-standardised death, YLL, and YLD rates also varied widely among the provinces in 2019. High systolic blood pressure, tobacco, dietary risks, high fasting plasma glucose, and high BMI were the five leading risks contributing to health loss measured as DALYs in 2019. Interpretation Our findings highlight that Indonesia faces a double burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases that varies across provinces. From 1990 to 2019, Indonesia witnessed a decline in the infectious disease burden, although communicable diseases such as tuberculosis, diarrhoeal diseases, and lower respiratory infections have remained a main source of DALYs in Indonesia. During that same period, however, all-ages death and disability rates from non-communicable diseases and exposure to their risk factors accounted for larger shares of health loss. The differences in health outcomes between the highest-performing and lowest-performing provinces have also widened since 1990. Our findings support a comprehensive process to revisit current health policies, examine the root causes of variation in the burden of disease among provinces, and strengthen programmes and policies aimed at reducing disparities across the country. Funding The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Government of Indonesia. Translation For the Bahasa Indonesia translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section

Anisotropic neutron stars with hyperons: implication of the recent nuclear matter data and observations of neutron stars

Motivated by a recent report by Biwas and Bose (Phys Rev D 99:104002, 2019) that the observations of GW170817 to constrain the extent of pressure anisotropy in neutron stars within Bower–Liang anisotropic model, we systematically study the effects of anisotropic pressure on properties of the neutron stars with hyperons. The equation of state is calculated using the relativistic mean-field model with a BSP parameter set to determine nucleonic coupling constants and by using SU(6) and hyperon potential depths to determine hyperonic coupling constants. We investigate three models of anisotropic pressure known in literature namely Bowers and Liang (Astrophys J 88:657, 1974), Horvat et al. (Class Quant Grav 28:025009, 2011), and Cosenza et al. (J Math Phys (NY) 22:118, 1981). The reliability of the equation of state used is checked by comparing the parameters of the corresponding EOS to recent experimental data. The mass–radius, moment of inertia, and tidal deformability results of Bowers–Liang, Horvat et al., and Cosenza et al. anisotropic models are compared to the corresponding recent results extracted from the analysis of some NS observation data. We have found that the radii predicted by anisotropic NS are sensitive to the anisotropic model used and the results obtained by using the model proposed by Horvat et al. with anisotropic free parameter $$\varUpsilon ~\approx -$$ 1.15 are relative compatible with all taken constraints

Minimal length, nuclear matter, and neutron stars

In this paper, we employ one variant of the Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP) model, i.e., the Kempf–Mangano–Mann (KMM) model, and discuss the impact of GUP on the EoS of nuclear and neutron star matter based on the relativistic mean field (RMF) model. We input the result in the Serrano–Liška (SL) gravity theory to discuss the corresponding Neutron Star (NS) properties. We have shown that the upper bound for the GUP parameter from nuclear matter properties is $$\beta \le 2\times 10^{-7}$$ MeV$$^{-2}$$. If we used this $$\beta$$ upper bound to calculate NS matter, and considering SL parameter $${\tilde{c}}$$ as an independent parameter, we have found that the upper bound for the SL parameter, which modifies the Einstein field equation, is $${\tilde{c}} \le 10^7$$ m$$^2$$. This beta upper bound is determined by considering the anisotropy magnitude smaller than the pressure magnitude. By employing $$\beta =2\times 10^{-7}$$ MeV$$^{-2}$$ and $${\tilde{c}} = 10^7$$ m$$^2$$, we obtain the mass–radius relation that satisfies NICER data for both PSR J0740+6620 (whose mass is $$\sim 2.1M_\odot$$) and PSR J0030+0451 ($$M\sim 1.4M_\odot$$). Our GUP parameter upper bound perfectly matches the constraint from $$^{87}$$Rb cold-atom-recoil experiment. If we consider that the same strength from the additional logarithmic term in the entropy from both GUP and SL model are dependent, for $$\beta -16\times 10^{-34}$$ m$$^2$$. The magnitude of this bound is $$10^{-40}$$ smaller than the upper bound magnitude of SL parameter considering as independent parameter i.e., $${\tilde{c}} \le 10^7$$ m$$^2$$

Production of bacterial pigments in low cost medium and formulation of biodegradable ink

Bacterial pigment production is an emerging field of research for its wide potential industrial applications. Prodigiosin (Serratia marcescens UTM1) and violacein (Chromobacterium violaceum UTM5) are such pigments which possess several biological properties and and have gained increasing importance in industrial markets such as drugs, cosmetics, textile dyeing, etc. The present study demonstrates the use of low cost medium for growth of locally isolated red, violet pigment producing bacteria and their application as biodegradable ink on plastic materials. The natural inks were successfully formulated using polyvinyl butyral, ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, and applied on plastic materials. They were able to withstand heat up to 60°C and showed no damage to plastic material during physical contact. The hue and chroma values showed the formulated natural inks falls within the red and violet colour. The results have shown that the bacterial pigments act as natural colourants and have great potential as biodegradable inks

Analysis and Design of Web-Based Billing Information System at the Employee Cooperative of PT. Spindo Karawang Factory

 In the digital era, people often call the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 demanding speed and accuracy in all fields. Moreover, the speed and accuracy in delivering and receiving information for decision making so as not to compete with competitors. The presentation of information is not only Fast, accurate, it must also be easily understood by the person receiving the information. One business entity that must also take advantage of this technological development is a cooperative. In the cooperative PT. Spindo Karawang Factory transaction activities still have to be processed in Microsoft Excel, so that data duplication or inconsistency often occurs, data updates are not updated, there is no data backup and data that has not been integrated with other systems. The purpose of this research is to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the transaction process in the cooperative. The research method used in this research is the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) with the waterfall approach. The result of this research is the cooperative invoice information system of PT. Spindo Karawang Factory is web-based which is expected to be able to improve the process in the cooperative to be more effective and efficient