18,552 research outputs found
The Magnetic Topology of the Weak-Lined T Tauri Star V410 - A Simultaneous Temperature and Magnetic Field Inversion
We present a detailed temperature and magnetic investigation of the T Tauri
star V410 Tau by means of a simultaneous Doppler- and Zeeman-Doppler Imaging.
Moreover we introduce a new line profile reconstruction method based on a
singular value decomposition (SVD) to extract the weak polarized line profiles.
One of the key features of the line profile reconstruction is that the SVD line
profiles are amenable to radiative transfer modeling within our Zeeman-Doppler
Imaging code iMap. The code also utilizes a new iterative regularization scheme
which is independent of any additional surface constraints. To provide more
stability a vital part of our inversion strategy is the inversion of both
Stokes I and Stokes V profiles to simultaneously reconstruct the temperature
and magnetic field surface distribution of V410 Tau. A new image-shear analysis
is also implemented to allow the search for image and line profile distortions
induced by a differential rotation of the star. The magnetic field structure we
obtain for V410 Tau shows a good spatial correlation with the surface
temperature and is dominated by a strong field within the cool polar spot. The
Zeeman-Doppler maps exhibit a large-scale organization of both polarities
around the polar cap in the form of a twisted bipolar structure. The magnetic
field reaches a value of almost 2 kG within the polar region but smaller fields
are also present down to lower latitudes. The pronounced non-axisymmetric field
structure and the non-detection of a differential rotation for V410 Tau
supports the idea of an underlying -type dynamo, which is predicted
for weak-lined T Tauri stars.Comment: Accepted for A&A, 18 pages, 10 figure
Magnetic domain formation in itinerant metamagnets
We examine the effects of long-range dipolar forces on metamagnetic
transitions and generalize the theory of Condon domains to the case of an
itinerant electron system undergoing a first-order metamagnetic transition. We
demonstrate that within a finite range of the applied field, dipolar
interactions induce a spatial modulation of the magnetization in the form of
stripes or bubbles. Our findings are consistent with recent observations in the
bilayer ruthenate SrRuO.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, minor changes, references adde
The Potentional of Recovered Vegetable Oil and Tallow as Vehicle Fuels
End of Project ReportThe use of recovered vegetable oil (RVO) and tallow as vehicle fuels was
investigated. Two options were considered; use in unprocessed form in specially
adapted engines, and the production of biodiesel for use in unmodified engines.
Two vehicles were modified to allow the use of RVO as fuel. Their performance in
terms of power and fuel economy was acceptable, but fuel filter blockage problems
would need to be resolved and long-term effects on engine life investigated before
this approach could be recommended.
Tallow with high free-fatty-acid content was esterified by a two-stage process that
could be used in a simple plant and produce biodiesel of reasonable quality. High
ester yields were obtained in laboratory and pilot-scale trials. Problems of layer
separation remain to be resolved, and the process needs to be streamlined to allow
a high throughput to be achieved.
In comparing the costs of these fuels with each other and with mineral diesel,
allowance must be made for any differences in fuel economy and for the cost of
engine conversion kits. Including these items, the use of RVO in a converted
engine would have a slightly lower cost than its use as biodiesel. Biodiesel from
tallow is likely to be more expensive than from RVO if either ester yield or plant
capacity is significantly reduced
Superconductivity generated by coupling to a Cooperon in a 2-dimensional array of 4-leg Hubbard ladders
Starting from an array of four-leg Hubbard ladders weakly doped away from
half-filling and weakly coupled by inter-ladder tunneling, we derive an
effective low energy model which contains a partially truncated Fermi surface
and a well defined Cooperon excitation formed by a bound pair of holes. An
attractive interaction in the Cooper channel is generated on the Fermi surface
through virtual scattering into the Cooperon state. Although the model is
derived in the weak coupling limit of a four-leg ladder array, an examination
of exact results on finite clusters for the strong coupling t-J model suggests
the essential features are also present for a strong coupling Hubbard model on
a square lattice near half-filling.Comment: 20 pages, 4 figure
Low Noise 1 THz–1.4 THz Mixers Using Nb/Al-AlN/NbTiN SIS Junctions
We present the development of a low noise 1.2 THz and 1.4 THz SIS mixers for heterodyne spectrometry on the Stratospheric Observatory For Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) and Herschel Space Observatory. This frequency range is above the limit for the commonly used Nb quasi particle SIS junctions, and a special type of hybrid Nb/AlN/NbTiN junctions has been developed for this project.We are using a quasi-optical mixer design with two Nb/AlN/NbTiN junctions with an area of 0.25 µm^2. The SIS junction tuning circuit is made of Nb and gold wire layers. At 1.13 THz the minimum SIS receiver uncorrected noise temperature is 450 K. The SIS receiver noise corrected for the loss in the LO coupler and in the cryostat optics is 350–450 K across 1.1–1.25 THz band. The receiver has a uniform sensitivity in a full 4–8 GHz IF band.
The 1.4 THz SIS receiver test at 1.33–1.35 THz gives promising results, although limited by the level of available LO power. Extrapolation of the data obtained with low LO power level shows a possibility to reach 500 K DSB receiver noise using already existing SIS mixer
Cost reduction in bio-diesel production.
End of Project ReportAs part of a programme to assess bio-diesel production from low-cost
materials, the availability of waste oils and fats in Ireland and the EU
was assessed, and the behaviour of their esters in vehicles was
measured. The utilisation of beef tallow from BSE risk organisms
was given special attention.
Esterification of high-FFA tallow required the use of excess methanol
and base catalyst. Acidification, followed by glycerol separation and
secondary acid-catalysed esterification, brought ester yields up to
acceptable levels. The high melting point of the ester restricted its
use in vehicles to low proportions in mixes with mineral diesel.
Fuels made up from low-cost esters behaved well in vehicle trials,
even where there was a high level of dilution of the engine oil. The
only problems arose from inadequate low-temperature properties and
from suspended solids in the tallow ester.
Within the EU, there are sufficient waste oils and fats available to
greatly increase bio-diesel production. In Ireland, there is sufficient
for a small production unit
Multidimensional spectroscopy with a single broadband phase-shaped laser pulse
We calculate the frequency-dispersed nonlinear transmission signal of a
phase-shaped visible pulse to fourth order in the field. Two phase profiles, a
phase-step and phase-pulse, are considered. Two dimensional signals obtained by
varying the detected frequency and phase parameters are presented for a three
electronic band model system. We demonstrate how two-photon and stimulated
Raman resonances can be manipulated by the phase profile and sign, and selected
quantum pathways can be suppressed.Comment: 26 pages, 15 figure
BiCuVO: a new narrow-band spin-gap material
A new spin-ladder family material BiCuVO is studied by means of the
magnetic susceptibility, heat capacity and neutron inelastic scattering
measurements on powder sample. Singlet ground state and a finite spin gap are
confirmed by thermal-activated type susceptibility and by distinct peak at 16
meV in spin excitation. Triple narrow band structure in spin excitation
spectrum, probably due to complex crystal structure, is observed and the
possibility of weakly-interacting spin-cluster system is discussed
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