10,863 research outputs found
PT-Symmetric, Quasi-Exactly Solvable matrix Hamiltonians
Matrix quasi exactly solvable operators are considered and new conditions are
determined to test whether a matrix differential operator possesses one or
several finite dimensional invariant vector spaces. New examples of -matrix quasi exactly solvable operators are constructed with the emphasis
set on PT-symmetric Hamiltonians.Comment: 14 pages, 1 figure, one equation corrected, results adde
Identifying Functional Thermodynamics in Autonomous Maxwellian Ratchets
We introduce a family of Maxwellian Demons for which correlations among
information bearing degrees of freedom can be calculated exactly and in compact
analytical form. This allows one to precisely determine Demon functional
thermodynamic operating regimes, when previous methods either misclassify or
simply fail due to approximations they invoke. This reveals that these Demons
are more functional than previous candidates. They too behave either as
engines, lifting a mass against gravity by extracting energy from a single heat
reservoir, or as Landauer erasers, consuming external work to remove
information from a sequence of binary symbols by decreasing their individual
uncertainty. Going beyond these, our Demon exhibits a new functionality that
erases bits not by simply decreasing individual-symbol uncertainty, but by
increasing inter-bit correlations (that is, by adding temporal order) while
increasing single-symbol uncertainty. In all cases, but especially in the new
erasure regime, exactly accounting for informational correlations leads to
tight bounds on Demon performance, expressed as a refined Second Law of
Thermodynamics that relies on the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy for dynamical
processes and not on changes purely in system configurational entropy, as
previously employed. We rigorously derive the refined Second Law under minimal
assumptions and so it applies quite broadly---for Demons with and without
memory and input sequences that are correlated or not. We note that general
Maxwellian Demons readily violate previously proposed, alternative such bounds,
while the current bound still holds.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures,
http://csc.ucdavis.edu/~cmg/compmech/pubs/mrd.ht
Giant magnetothermal conductivity and magnetostriction effect in charge ordered NdNaMnO compound
We present results on resistivity (), magnetization (), thermal
conductivity (), magnetostriction () and
specific heat () of charge-orbital ordered antiferromagnetic
NdNaMnO compound. Magnetic field-induced
antiferromagnetic/charge-orbital ordered insulating to ferromagnetic metallic
transition leads to giant magnetothermal conductivity and magnetostriction
effect. The low-temperature irreversibility behavior in , ,
and due to field cycling together with striking
similarity among the field and temperature dependence of these parameters
manifest the presence of strong and complex spin-charge-lattice coupling in
this compound. The giant magnetothermal conductivity is attributed mainly to
the suppression of phonon scattering due to the destabilization of spin
fluctuations and static/dynamic Jahn-Teller distortion by the application of
magnetic field.Comment: 4 Pages, 4 Figure
Spin dynamics and frequency dependence of magnetic damping study in soft ferromagnetic FeTaC film with a stripe domain structure
Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) and low magnetic damping are the key
factors for the free layer magnetization switching by spin transfer torque
technique in magnetic tunnel junction devices. The magnetization precessional
dynamics in soft ferromagnetic FeTaC thin film with a stripe domain structure
was explored in broad band frequency range by employing micro-strip
ferromagnetic resonance technique. The polar angular variation of resonance
field and linewidth at different frequencies have been analyzed numerically
using Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation by taking into account the total free
energy density of the film. The numerically estimated parameters Land\'{e}
-factor, PMA constant, and effective magnetization are found to be 2.1,
2 erg/cm and 7145 Oe, respectively. The frequency
dependence of Gilbert damping parameter () is evaluated by considering
both intrinsic and extrinsic effects into the total linewidth analysis. The
value of is found to be 0.006 at 10 GHz and it increases with
decreasing precessional frequency.Comment: 5 Pages, 6 Figures, Regular Submissio
A Maternal Death due to an Unsafe Abortion in Rural Nepal - A Case Report
Background: Abortion was illegal before 2002 A.D. in Nepal and was legalized under the 11th amendment to the Country Code (Muluki Ain) in March 2002, receiving royal assent in September 2002. Nepal Government began providing comprehensive abortion care services from March 2004 after 18 months of legalization of abortion, when the government issued Safe Abortion Service Procedure. The maternal mortality ratio in Nepal is among the highest in South Asia. Unsafe abortion is defined as an induced abortion process either conducted by less skilled personnel or performed in a non-accredited facility. Though abortion has been legal in Nepal for more than 14 years now; physicians in Nepal still face problems of abortions done by less qualified personnel.Case Report: We report a fatal case of unsafe abortion in a 32 year old lady whose cause of death was ascertained as irreversible septic shock due to septic abortion.Conclusion: Prompt diagnosis and appropriate intervention might provide better outcome in these types of cases. Therefore, we stress the importance of safe abortion services provided by skilled personnel at rural areas in developing countries and of early referral in case complication arises so that the life of the patient is not endangered
Nonlinear Effects and Multisolitons in Metamaterials
AbstractIn this paper, we outline a novel class of materials, called metamaterials, with negative refractive index and a high degree of nonlinearity. A brief summary is given on the basic theory of optics to show how this condition arrives for metamaterials to be designed into an antenna with split-ring-resonator (SRR). An example is given on the modeling of such SRR-based metamaterials. On a continuum Hamiltonian, a Klein-Gordon equation was derived which gave rise to both dark and bright solitons that showed interesting behavior against nondimensional time, even to the extent of revealing bi- and tri-breathers
A potential antibacterial agent Embelin, a natural benzoquinone extracted from Embelia ribes
Herbal medicine has been used for the prevention and treatment of various health aliments from time immemorial. In the present work, embelin from Embelia ribes berries of Indian origin was extracted and characterized by UV, NMR, thermal and X-ray diffraction analyses. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of embelin against both Gram +ve and Gram -ve bacteria were studied using micro dilution method and agar plate method by sub-culturing 10μl of the test dilutions from MIC tubes on to fresh Mueller-Hinton agar plates. About 1.9± 0.1 gram of pure embelin was obtained from 100 gram of powdered berries (E.ribes). The characteristics studied reveal the properties are on par with the standard embelin received from Sigma (USA). With regard to antibacterial activity, embelin showed bactericidal activity against Gram +ve organisms, and bacteriostatic against Gram -ve organisms. Thus, embelin finds application as potent antibacterial agent
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