Problematika Pembentukan Kesadaran Kritis pada Pnpm-mandiri Perkotaan (Studi Kasus di Kelurahan Sekaran, Kecamatan Gunungpati, Kota Semarang)

The nature of community development is to estabilish critical consciousness of society. In the process of community development through the PNPM-Mandiri Perkotaan, critical consciousness is expected to be formed through a series of empowerment activity cycle. This study used a qualitative approach to analyze data in a descriptive and inductive. This study showed that the process of community development PNPM-Mandiri Perkotaan can be seen in the cycle and the activities that actively involve the community and participatory, critical consciousness which is formed from each cycle that emphasizes the revitalization of the universal values of humanity and the basic principles of community , and a variety of opportunities and barriers in the formation of critical consciousness. But the critical consciousness formed by the PNPM-Mandiri Perkotaan still a functional and modernist paradigm, because only emphasizes the human aspect. Empowerment programs are less touched on structural aspects. This makes the process of empowerment in PNPM-Mandiri Perkotaan has not been able to solve the problem of society as a comprehensive

Genetic diversity of ACC-deaminase positive bacteria in Colorado soil under winter wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.)

2018 Spring.Includes bibliographical references.ACC-deaminase positive bacteria (ACC+) promote plant growth and development by lowering abiotic stress ethylene levels through deamination of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), the immediate precursor of ethylene. During drought stress, ACC+ bacteria can help plants better tolerate drought stress in arid and semi-arid areas such as Colorado. The purpose of this study was to assess the capability of ACC+ bacteria to support winter wheat cultivar growth and production under drought stress conditions. In a field study, the relative abundance and genetic diversity of ACC+ bacteria associated with four winter wheat cultivars (Baca, Hatcher, Ripper, and RonL) were assessed under dryland, limited irrigation, and fully irrigated conditions in Colorado. The abundance of ACC deaminase positive bacteria was relatively high, with numbers ranging between 1.69 × 107 and 3.28 × 109 CFU's g-1 soil. At anthesis, the abundance and relative percent of ACC+ bacteria were greater under dryland and limited irrigation compared to full irrigation, and greater under RonL than other cultivars. The composition of rhizosphere ACC+ bacteria was distinct under RonL compared to Ripper. The majority of ACC+ bacteria enriched from these soils were Proteobacteria, specifically Pseudomonas spp. These results suggest that cultivar was a stronger driver of community composition of ACC+ bacteria than irrigation practice. The second study was conducted using a total of 55 bacterial isolates from the original experimental soils (RonL, Ripper, and Hatcher), which were selected to assay for Plant-Growth Promoting (PGP) traits: ACC-deaminase activity, Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) production, osmotic stress tolerance, phosphorus solubilization, and siderophore production. Most isolates were identified as species of Pseudomonas, but other species such as Arthrobacter, Variovorax, Agrobacterium, Rhizobium, Ochrobacterium, Micrococcus, Rahnella, and Bacillus were represented as well. Out of 55 isolates, 47 bacterial isolates tolerated osmotic stress when tested at an osmotic stress of -0.73 MPa water potential, 42 isolates demonstrated ACC-deaminase activity (potential ACC-deaminase activity ranged from 0.012 to 4.36 nmoles mg-1 protein h-1), 16 isolates were capable of solubilizing rock phosphate, one isolate produced IAA in the presence of 200 µg mL-1 tryptophan, and none of the isolates produced siderophores in vitro. Seven bacterial isolates that exhibit multiple PGPRs traits were selected for a root elongation assay using winter wheat seeds. The isolates selected were three Pseudomonas sp. isolated from RonL rhizospheres in fully irrigated plots (RLF6, RLF9, and RLF12); one Variovorax sp. isolated from Ripper rhizosphere in a dryland plot (RD12), one Pseudomonas sp. from Ripper rhizosphere of a fully irrigated plot (RF12), and two Pseudomonas sp. isolated from Hatcher rhizospheres (HD8 and HF1). The results showed that 6 days after seeds were inoculated, Ripper seedlings had the longest roots. In addition, isolates RLF6 and RF12, both Pseudomonas sp., were found to be the most effective in increasing root length as compared to sterile inoculum (control). The effect of inoculation on root length, however, was dependent on cultivar type. A subsequent field plot study was conducted to test the effectiveness of Pseudomonas sp. RLF9 to improve wheat growth and productivity under drought stress. Inoculum was prepared in the form of alginate bead and distributed in trenches next to winter wheat plants (at stem elongation growth phase), in replicated field plots under irrigated and non-irrigated treatments. Six weeks after inoculation, numbers of culturable Pseudomonas sp. were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in soil inoculated with RLF9 than sterile inoculant, except for the RonL/Ripper bioculture treatment. Overall, soil under RonL accumulated the highest ACC-deaminase positive bacterial populations (1.8×105 CFUs g-1 soil) compared to other cultivar treatments. Soil ACC deaminase activity was highly variable but tended to be greatest in soil planted to monocultures of RonL and Ripper, and bicultures of RonL and Ripper. There was no significant correlation between inoculant abundance in soil and soil ACC-deaminase activity, perhaps because of ACC deaminase activity of indigenous soil bacteria. The field season was marked with abundant rainfall during the spring, followed by outbreaks of pathogens, including stripe rust, that affected all field treatments and confounded late season drought and heat stress. As a result, there were no irrigation treatment effects or inoculation effects on wheat yield indices. The findings of this study are very attractive for further field studies, which would be helpful in extending isolate use as PGP inocula for wheat production, especially in Colorado and perhaps other semi-arid regions. Specifically, inoculation of winter wheat cultivars with PGPR's containing ACC-deaminase and other PGP traits could be an effective approach for successful crop production. Selection of PGPR inoculants and wheat cultivar combinations for obtaining optimum responses should be considered in future studies. The ability of potential inoculants to survive in the rhizosphere, compete with indigenous microbial communities, and colonize roots should also be studied. Based on laboratory studies of potential PGPR activities, Pseudomonas sp. RLF9 and possibly Pseudomonas sp. RLF6 could be good inocula selection to improve wheat growth and productivity under drought stress. Further research is needed to demonstrate the effectiveness of RLF6 and RLF9 as effective inoculants in the field

SLEEP AND THERMOREGULATION: A STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF AMBIENT TEMPERATURE MANIPULATION ON MOUSE SLEEP ARCHITECTURE

Good quality sleep is essential for mental and physical health. Inadequate sleep impacts memory consolidation, learning and cognition, immune function, autonomic regulation, physical performance, and other vital functions. In many neurological disorders that are associated with sleep problems such as epilepsy and Alzheimer’s disease, changes in brain circuitry affect sleep-wake regulation mechanisms; this is reflected in anomalous sleep-wake architecture and usually accompanied by poor sleep depth. Thus, over many years, many approaches have been tried in humans and animal models with the goal of improving sleep quality. Unfortunately, each of those approaches comes with limitations or side effects. Thus, there is a need for a natural, safe, and low cost approach that overcomes many limitations to improve sleep and eventually the lives of individuals with sleep problems. Environmental temperature is one of the most important factors that affect sleep in humans and other animals. Studies have shown that the part of the brain governing thermoregulation is also involved in sleep-wake regulation. Even a mild change in environmental temperature can produce a significant effect on sleep. Thus, a better understanding of the sleep-thermoregulation interaction could lead to novel ways for treating many sleep disorders. As a first step on the translational pathway, experiments in animal models of disease conditions with disordered sleep are needed for investigating sleep–thermoregulation interactions and for devising and validating related approaches to enhance sleep quality before conducting them on humans. This dissertation explores and assesses the effect of changes in ambient temperature on sleep-wake architecture in control mice and epileptic mice, the latter from a model of temporal lobe epilepsy as an example of a disease model with disordered sleep. Then, based on the results of temperature effects on sleep in control and epileptic mice, different strategies are proposed and tested to modulate sleep through ambient temperature regulation in closed loop to improve sleep depth and regulate the timing of the sleep-wake cycle. The results presented in this dissertation demonstrate the feasibility of sleep enhancement and regulation of its timing and duration through manipulation of ambient temperature using closed-loop control systems. Similar approaches could foreseeably be used as more natural means for enhancing deep sleep in patients with epilepsy, Alzheimer’s, or Parkinson’s disease in which poor sleep is common and associated with adverse outcomes

Infinite Jordan Permutation Groups

Abstract If G is a transitive permutation group on a set X, then G is a Jordan group if there is a partition of X into non-empty subsets Y and Z with |Z| > 1, such that the pointwise stabilizer in G of Y acts transitively on Z (plus other non-degeneracy conditions). There is a classification theorem by Adeleke and Macpherson for the infinite primitive Jordan permutation groups: such group preserves linear-like structures, or tree-like structures, or Steiner systems or a ‘limit’ of Steiner systems, or a ‘limit’ of betweenness relations or D-relations. In this thesis we build a structure M whose automorphism group is an infinite oligomorphic primitive Jordan permutation group preserving a limit of D-relations. In Chapter 2 we build a class of finite structures, each of which is essentially a finite lower semilinear order with vertices labelled by finite D-sets, with coherence conditions. These are viewed as structures in a relational language with relations L,L',S,S',Q,R. We describe possible one point extensions, and prove an amalgamation theorem. We obtain by Fra¨ıss´e’s Theorem a Fra¨ıss´e limit M. In Chapter 3, we describe in detail the structure M and its automorphism group. We show that there is an associated dense lower semilinear order, again with vertices labelled by (dense) D-sets, again with coherence conditions. By a method of building an iterated wreath product described by Cameron which is based on Hall’s wreath power, we build in Chapter 4 a group K < Aut(M) which is a Jordan group with a pre-direction as its Jordan set. Then we find, by properties of Jordan sets, that a pre-D-set is a Jordan set for Aut(M). Finally we prove that the Jordan group G = Aut(M) preserves a limit of D-relations as a main result of this thesis

Towards a semantic modeling of learners for social networks

The Friend of a Friend (FOAF) ontology is a vocabulary for mapping social networks. In this paper we propose an extension to FOAF in order to allow it to model learners and their social networks. We analyse FOAF alongside different learner modeling standards and specifications, and based on this analysis we introduce a taxonomy of the different features found in those models. We then compare the learner models and FOAF against the taxonomy to see how their characteristics have been shaped by their purpose. Based on this we propose extensions to FOAF in order to produce a learner model that is capable of forming the basis of a semantic social network.<br/

Educational Dimension of Woman's Character in the Narration's of Prophets as Stated in the Holy Qur'an

The Holy Qur'an has addressed the needs of women and their status in a way never done before in any other religious text. Woman's exalted position in Islam is due, primarily, to her role as a child rearer. It is she who is considered the "first madrasah" (first school) by Islam, and it is from her that children will learn about their responsibility as future 'standard bearers' of Islam and society. The research examines stories and biographies of women in the Qur'an, narrated by various prophets (peace be upon them) through the ages. These stories have been drawn from sound Islamic sources. not the doubtful narrations of Israelite scriptures, showing, through their life stories, women's attitude nature, some positive and others negative. This provides an authentic and comprehensive view of Muslim women from the Qur'anic perspective. It puts forward an educational model for women to realize their true role in the challenging times in which we live. By studying the attitudes and dispositions of women in the Holy Qur'an and the Sunna of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) the research illustrates the merits. morals and role of women as educators in the family, as well as society. It also shows the extent to which a Muslim women can harm or benefit each member of her family. The study also shows the scope of educational techniques in the Holy Qur'an and their impact on the attitudes and character of women. It delineates the educational role of women and the features of women's character through investigation of previous religions and comparison with those in Islam. In this way, we can become more acquainted with the characteristics of women, her tasks, rights, duties and the type of work suited to her outside the family