Dampak Penerapan Sucre terhadap Perekonomian Venezuela

This article describes the effective application of Sucre, as Latin American regional currencies in ALBA, and its impact on the Venezuelan economy. This study uses primary data collected by interviews and secondary data gathered by studying document obtained from the official website of ALBA, financial institutions in Latin American countries as well as website for analysis about Latin America. The results showed that the presence of Sucre on the economy of Venezuela is less effective at improving economy of Venezuela. This is caused partly because ALBA is ineffective in promoting Sucre to all its member states and strong counter-opinions made by United States towards ALBA

Utjecaj osteogeničnih dodataka agregatu mineralnog trioksida na razinu genske ekspresije odontoblastičnih markera nakon zatvaranja pulpe u pasa.

This study investigates the effect of addition of dexamethasone, vitamin D3, or chitosan to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) on the gene expression level of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE) after pulp capping in dogs. Pulp exposure was performed in sixty dogs’ teeth. The teeth were classified into 3 equal groups according to the evaluation period. Group 1:7 days, group 2: 21 days and group 3: 60 days. Each group was further subdivided according to the pulp capping material used, into subgroup A: MTA + dexamethasone, subgroup B: MTA + dexamethasone + vitamin D3, subgroup C: MTA + chitosan and subgroup D: MTA. According to the group, the pulps of the capped teeth were removed for analysis of the relative mRNA expression level of DSPP and MEPE using PCR. Statistical analysis of all data was performed. In subgroup A, significant expression was observed of DSPP (P≤0.05) in group 2 up to 18.8 relative fold change while in subgroup B a significant upregulated gene expression of DSPP (P≤0.05) up to 29.4 relative fold change was seen. Significant upregulated DSPP expression (P≤0.05) was recorded in groups 1 and 2 up to 6.9 and 3.6 relative fold change, respectively in subgroup C. In conclusion, dexamethasone, with or without vitamin D3 and chitosan, are synergistic odontogenic inducers with MTA for differentiation of dental pulp cells in dogs. The upregulation of DSPP is a good marker for this differentiation.Istraživan je utjecaj dodatka deksametazona, vitamina D3 ili hitozana agregatu mineralnog trioksida na razinu ekspresije gena za dentin-sijalofosfoprotein (DSPP) i gena za ekstracelularni matriks fosfoglikoprotein nakon zatvaranja pulpe u pasa. Pulpa je bila otvorena na 60 zuba. Ti su zubi bili razvrstani u tri jednake skupine ovisno o trajanju promatranja. Prva skupina bila je promatrana sedam dana, druga skupina 21 dan, a treća skupina 60 dana. Svaka skupina bila je podijeljena u podskupine ovisno o materijalu rabljenom za zatvaranje pulpe. Podskupini A bio je primijenjen agregat mineralnog trioksida + deksametazon, podskupini B bio je primijenjen agregat mineralnog trioksida + deksametazon + vitamin D3, podskupini C agregat mineralnog trioksida + hitozan, a podskupini D samo agregat mineralnog trioksida. Sukladno skupinama, pulpe zatvorenih zuba bile su uzete za analizu relativne ekspresije mRNA za dentin-sijalofosfoprotein i za ekstracelularni matriks fosfoglikoprotein PCR-om. Svi podatci bili su statistički obrađeni. Značajna ekspresija gena za dentinsijalofosfoprotein (P≤0,05) bila je dokazana u podskupini A druge skupine u relativnoj vrijednosti 18,8, dok je u podskupini B značajna ekspresija gena za dentin-sijalofosfoprotein (P≤0,05) bila 29,4 puta veća. Značajno povećana ekspresija DSPP (P≤0,05) u prvoj i drugoj skupini sve do 6,9 odnosno 3,6 puta ustanovljena je u podskupini C. Može se zaključiti da deksametazon (s vitaminom D3 ili bez njega) i hitozan djeluju sinergistički s agregatom mineralnog trioksida kao odontogenični pokretači za diferencijaciju stanica zubne pulpe u pasa. Povećana razina dentin-sijalofosfoproteina dobar je pokazatelj te diferencijacije

Comparative study between fisher anatomical subunit approximation technique and millard rotation- advancement technique in unilateral cleft lip repair

Introduction: The ideal lip repair is characterized by; the symmetrical shape of nasolabial folds and both alae of the nose with a natural-looking philtrum and Cupid’s bow in both static and dynamic states, in addition to a hidden scar.Objective: to compare between Fisher anatomical subunit approximation technique and Millard rotational advancement technique in unilateral cleft lip repair.Methods: Prospective study for 40 patients presented to Alexandria Main University hospital with unilateral cleft lip deformity between March 2019 and October 2020. Twenty patients with unilateral cleft lip deformity were repaired by Fisher anatomical subunit approximation technique, while the other twenty were repaired by Millard rotational-advancement technique. The postoperative photographs of the patients were captured and processed in computer photogrammetry software through which anthropometric parameters including (lip height, lip width, vermilion height, and alar base width) were compared between the normal side and the repaired side. In this software, each anthropometric parameter length on the normal side is taken as a control with a fixed value of (1) then the same parameter on the repaired side was measured as a ratio of this value to avoid bias. Comparison between both groups for assessment of the quality of cleft lip repair was also done based on Steffensen grading criteria.Results: Comparison between both techniques in unilateral cleft lip repair showed that there was no significant difference between them in the anthropometric measurements. While the comparison between the two groups using Steffensen grading criteria showed that Fisher’s technique surpassed Millard’s technique.Conclusion: We recommend the use of the Fisher anatomical subunit approximation technique in unilateral cleft lip repair for its superior results over the Millard rotational advancement technique

Job Opportunities in Material(s) Technology

Materials are substances of universe which have properties that make them useful in structures, machines, devices, products, and systems. There are three closely connected areas of study related to materials, namely material(s) technology, materials engineering and materials science. Material(s) technology is a relatively comprehensive discipline that begins with the production of goods from raw materials to processing of materials into the shapes and forms needed for specific applications. Material(s) technologists work with materials such as metals, plastics, rubbers and ceramics. They study how the composition, structure, processing, and application of these materials, are inter-related

Predictors of unfavourable early outcome following Fontan completion

Background Although the magnificent improvement in Fontan operation results in the last two decades, there are still some concerns regarding the unfavourable early outcomes that may follow Fontan completion. Methods From 2003 to 2016, 79 Patients underwent Fontan operation at IRCCS Policlinico San Donato. Unfavourable early outcome was defined by the presence of one or more of these occurrences: prolonged hospital stay >25 days, Prolonged pleural effusion 6514 days and Prolonged inotropic support 6572\u202fh. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to detect the risk factors associated with early unfavourable outcome after Fontan completion. Results Prolonged hospital stay >25 days was found in 24.05% of patients and its associated significant risk factors were low preoperative O2 saturation (p 0.007), Fontan fenestration (p 0.009) and plasma transfusion (p 0.030). Prolonged pleural effusion 6514 days was found in 24.05% and no significant risk factors were detected. Prolonged inotropic support 6572\u202fh was found in 35.44% and significant risk factors were prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time (P 0.003), fenestration (P 0.023), plasma transfusion (P 0.028) and non staged Fontan (P 0.039). In multivariable analysis of combined unfavourable outcome, significant risk factors were fenestration (P 0.030) with some trends towards low preoperative O2 saturation (P 0.056). Conclusion Unfavourable early outcome can occur following Fontan completion with associated prolonged hospital stay. Risk factors include low preoperative O2 saturation, prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time, Fontan fenestration, Plasma transfusion and non staged Fontan

Effects of Poly-MVA on the rheological properties of blood after in-vivo exposure to gamma radiation

AbstractThis study aims to examine the radio-prophylactic effects of poly-MVA against exposure to acute dose of gamma radiation. Adult male rats, weighing 200 gm, were exposed to 6 Gy gamma radiation from Cs-137 source. The animals received daily oral administration of 2 ml/kg body weight of poly-MVA for different time intervals. The prophylactic effect was examined by two modes of administration: two weeks before irradiation and another group which received continuous administration for two weeks before and two other weeks after irradiation (total time of administration 28 days). Different parameters were performed, which include determination of cellular antioxidant enzymes (Glutathione (GSH), catalase and superoxide dismutase) in hepatic cells, the rheological properties of blood, osmotic fragility and scanning electron microscope photography of red blood cells. Exposure to radiation resulted in a significant decrease in cellular antioxidant enzymes (GSH, Catalase and SOD) and decrease in Bingham viscosity, yield stress and aggregation index of blood. Furthermore it induced slightly increase in average osmotic fragility of red blood cells accompanied by decrease in osmotic dispersion and remarkable modification of red blood cell morphology. Administration of Poly-MVA showed markedly elevation in GSH, Catalase and SOD content in liver cells in all treated groups. It also showed improvement in all observed parameters. The obtained results showed that oral uptake of poly MVA posses a radio-prophylactic effect that might be used in planned radiation exposure in diagnosis and radiotherapy

Radio-mitigation effect of poly-MVA after exposure to an acute dose of gamma radiation

AbstractAdult male rats were exposed to a 6Gy single dose from a Cs-137 source. The radio-mitigation effect of poly-MVA was evaluated by daily administration of 2ml/kg of body weight immediately after irradiation for two weeks. The morphological changes in the red blood cells were studied. The osmotic fragility and rheological properties of blood, the alteration in the contents of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase) and lipid peroxidation in hepatic cells were determined. The results showed that exposure to radiation resulted in significant changes in cellular antioxidant enzymes (GSH, catalase and SOD) and a decrease in the blood Bingham viscosity, yield stress and aggregation index. Furthermore, it induced a slight increase in the average osmotic fragility of red blood cells accompanied by a decrease in osmotic dispersion, as well as a modification of red blood cell morphology. It also caused a significant increase (75%) in the lipid peroxidation 1 day after exposure to radiation, which persisted until the 14th day recorded after irradiation. Oral administration of poly-MVA after irradiation reduced the radiation-induced damage, as seen in the non-significant change in lipid peroxidation compared to the control. It also resulted in improvement in the observed parameters

Epidemiological Characteristics and Survival Studies of Rhabdomyosarcoma in East Egypt: A Five-Year Multicenter Study

Background. Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children, it represents 5–8% of childhood malignancies. Aim of the Work. To evaluate the epidemiological characteristics and treatment outcome in two pediatric oncology centers. Patients and Method. A retrospective analysis was performed on 41 medical records of children with RMS during 6 years period. Results. The median age of patients was 6 years with 80.4% below 10 years. Head and neck was the most common primary site. Embryonal RMS was the most frequent histopathologic subtype. Stage IV was the most frequent stage. According to IRS postsurgical grouping classification, group 4 was the most frequent group. There was a significant relationship between histopathologic subtypes of tumor and metastasis, primary site of tumor and histopathologic subtype, age, metastasis, IRS presurgical stage and IRS postsurgical group and outcome. The overall survival rate was 56.9% ± 8.4 and the failure free survival rate was 68.3% ± 7.6. Conclusion. The epidemiological characteristics of our patients are quite near to the worldwide data, apart from the higher prevalence of stage IV and group 4 with most of the primary tumor site in the extremities. CWS2002 protocol of therapy had led to improvement in the curability of the disease

Exploring the impact of rotating rectangular plasmonic nano-hole arrays on the transmission spectra and its application as a plasmonic sensor

Plasmonic nano-structures play a significant role in most recent photonic devices and applications. In this paper, we investigate the optical transmission spectra of rotatable periodic nano-metric apertures with different dimensions. This investigation includes monitoring the modification of both the transmission resonance wavelengths and peak transmittance at different dimensions and orientations of the nano-holes. The obtained results provide better insight to the interaction of light with periodic plasmonic nano-hole arrays. We find that nano-holes dimension/orientation can totally suppress an optical transmission, tune its resonance wavelengths, and change its peak values. Furthermore, we present the surface plasmonic resonance sensing as an application for the reported nano-hole array