The simple thermodynamic sensors for process monitoring in milk production

The thermodynamic sensors (TDS) can be used for characterization and monitoring of thermal processes in thermodynamic systems. The basic idea of thermodynamic sensor is possible to use in many various applications. One of application areas, where the thermodynamic sensor can find the new area for a using, is a production of milk products - cheese, yogurt, kefir, etc. These milk products are often realized by fermenting or renneting process. Ends of fermentation or renneting processes are often determined on the base of sensory evaluation. The simple non-analytical method for determination of process end doesn't exist in this time. Tests of renneting process, yoghurt process and fermentation process was characterized and measured with thermodynamic sensor. First results of simple experiments are shoving, that the thermodynamic sensors will be possible to use for determination of time behavior of these processes. This paper deals with the simple experiments for characterization and monitoring of basic operations in milk production process by thermodynamic sensors

Different prevalence of T2DM risk alleles in Roma population in comparison with the majority Czech population

Abstract Background The Czech governmental study suggests up to a 25% higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Roma population than within the majority population. It is not known whether and to what extent these differences have a genetic background. Methods To analyze whether the frequencies of the alleles/genotypes of the FTO, TCF7L2, CDKN2A/2B, MAEA, TLE4, IGF2BP2, ARAP1, and KCNJ11 genes differ between the two major ethnic groups in the Czech Republic, we examined them in DNA samples from 302 Roma individuals and 298 Czech individuals. Results Compared to the majority population, Roma are more likely to carry risk alleles in the FTO (26% vs. 16% GG homozygotes, p < .01), IGF2BP2 (22% vs. 10% TT homozygotes, p < .0001), ARAP1 (98% vs. 95% of A allele carriers, p < .005), and CDKN2A/2B (81% vs. 66% of TT homozygotes, p < .001) genes; however, less frequently they are carriers of the TCF7L2 risk allele (34% vs. 48% of the T allele p < .0005). Finally, we found significant accumulation of T2DM‐associated alleles between the Roma population in comparison with the majority population (25.4% vs. 15.2% of the carriers of at least 12 risk alleles; p < .0001). Conclusion The increased prevalence of T2DM in the Roma population may have a background in different frequencies of the risk alleles of genes associated with T2DM development

Selected nutritional values of field cricket (<em>Gryllus assimilis</em>) and its possible use as a human food

518-524The nutritional values of the field cricket (Gryllus assimilis (Fabricius, 1775)) were analysed for dry matter using infrared scales, crude protein using Kjeldahl method, fat by Soxhlet method and fatty acid composition using GC-MS. The average dry matter content of analysed insect was 22.6 %, content of crude protein was 55.6 %, fat content was 11.8 %. The analysis of the fatty acid profile shows that the most abundant fatty acids were C18:2, C16:0 and C18:1 and the atherogenic index was 0.55. Microbial analyses were also part of the research, with evaluation of the total content of bacteria (3.3.106 CFU g-1), coli form bacteria (3.5.104 CFU g-1) and lactic acid bacteria (5.8.106 CFU g‑1) and of yeasts and moulds (4.4.105 CFU g‑1). For the high content of lipids and proteins edible insects could be a good alternative future source of crude protein and fat. EFSA also deals with obtaining sufficient data about the nutritional value and safety of consuming edible insects

Frequency of adult type-associated lactase persistence LCT-13910C/T genotypes in the Czech/Slav and Czech Roma/Gypsy populations

Abstract Lactase non-persistence (leading to primary lactose intolerance) is a genetically dependent inability to digest lactose in adulthood. As part of the human adaptation to dairying, the human lactase LCT-13910C/T mutation (which propagates adult expression of lactase) developed, spread and participated in the adaptation to dairying. This variant is associated with lactase activity persistence, and its carriers are able to digest lactose. We compared the frequencies of lactase 13910C/T (rs4988235) genotypes in Czechs/Slavs (N = 288) and Czech Gypsies/Roma (N = 300), two ethnically different groups where this polymorphism has not yet been analysed. Allelic frequencies significantly differed between the populations (p < 0.0001). In Czechs/Slavs, the lactase persistence T allele was present in 76% of the individuals, which is in agreement with frequencies among geographically neighbouring populations. In the Czech Gypsy/Roma population, only 27% of the adults were carriers of at least one lactase persistence allele, similar to the Indian population. In agreement with this result, dairy product consumption was reported by 70.5% of Czechs/Slavs and 39.0% of the Czech Gypsy/Roma population. Both in the Czech Gypsy/Roma and in the Czech/Slavs populations, the presence of carriers of the lactase persistence allele was similar in subjects self-reporting the consumption of unfermented/fresh milk, in comparison to the others

Food passage and food selectivity of tench Tinca tinca (L.) larvae fed zooplankton

The time of zooplankton passage through the gut of tench larvae and their food selectivity was studied on days 17 and 22 of tench larvae life. The gut passage was assessed with a marker method. The marker were Artemia nauplii. In the larvae aged 17 days food passage took 5 h and in larvae aged 22 days-7 h. In the initial period of life the larvae were fed small species of Cladocera and Rotatoria. Later in the zooplankton sample spined rotifers were abundant. For this reason they were not willingly consumed by the larvae. In both zooplankton samples copepod nauplii were less abundant and they were not eaten by the larvae. The low gut fullness was found for both groups. It indicated the low consumption, larvae transferred from tanks with Artemia to tanks with zooplankton. Presumably the larvae were stressed during the manipulation. In this case the gut passage was assessed under conditions of low content of food organisms in the gut of larvae

Remote Heart Failure Symptoms Assessment After Myocardial Infarction Identifies Patients at Risk for Death

Background Heart failure is a common complication after myocardial infarction (MI) and is associated with increased mortality. Whether remote heart failure symptoms assessment after MI can improve risk stratification is unknown. The authors evaluated the association of the 23‐item Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) with all‐cause mortality after MI. Methods and Results Prospectively collected data from consecutive patients hospitalized for MI at a large tertiary heart center between June 2017 and September 2022 were used. Patients remotely completed the KCCQ 1 month after discharge. A total of 1135 (aged 64±12 years, 26.7% women) of 1721 eligible patients completed the KCCQ. Ranges of KCCQ scores revealed that 30 (2.6%), 114 (10.0%), 274 (24.1%), and 717 (63.2%) had scores <25, 25 to 49, 50 to 74, and ≥75, respectively. During a mean follow‐up of 46 months (interquartile range, 29–61), 146 (12.9%) died. In a fully adjusted analysis, KCCQ scores <50 were independently associated with mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 6.05 for KCCQ <25, HR, 2.66 for KCCQ 25–49 versus KCCQ ≥50; both P<0.001). Adding the 30‐day KCCQ to clinical risk factors improved risk stratification: change in area under the curve of 2.6 (95% CI, 0.3–5.0), Brier score of −0.6 (95% CI, −1.0 to −0.2), and net reclassification improvement of 0.71 (95% CI, 0.45–1.04). KCCQ items most strongly associated with mortality were walking impairment, leg swelling, and change in symptoms. Conclusions Remote evaluation of heart failure symptoms using the KCCQ among patients recently discharged for MI identifies patients at risk for mortality. Whether closer follow‐up and targeted therapy can reduce mortality in high‐risk patients warrants further study