Yield performances and nutritional contents of three oyster mushroom species cultivated on wheat stalk

This study was conducted to determine nutritive value and yield performance of the three types of oyster mushroom; Pleurotus eryngii (Dc. Ex Fr.) quel), Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.: Fr.) Kumm.) andPleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer, cultivated on wheat stalk. The total fresh mushroom yields obtained with 100 g material (70% misture) after the three harvests and the total harvest time were calculated. P.sajor-caju gave the highest yield as 20.2 g. The yield of P. ostreatus was 17.9 g and the lowest yield was P. eryngii, 4.5 g. Total harvest time of mushrooms were determined. As the P. sajor-caju was harvestedin 67.46 days, P. ostreatus was harvested in 82.64 days and P. eryngii was harvested in 85.27 days. For chemical composition analysis the fruiting bodies of mushrooms were collected after the first productive flow and dried in an oven at 60°C at a constant weight and kept under refrigeration at 4°C. Energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, dietary fibre, moisture, ash (g in 100 g dried matter) and amino acids(mg in 1 g dried matter) of mushrooms were analysed. In P. eryngii and P. sajor-caju the highest amount of amino acid was from aspartic acid and the lowest was from methionine. The highest and the lowestamino acid amount in P. ostreatus were from glutamic acid and methionine, respectively. The histidine amino acid was just detected in P. eryngii but hydroxy-L-proline was not detected in mushrooms. Theenergy (kcal/100 g dried matter), fat, protein, carbohydrate, dietary fibre, moisture and ash (g/100 g dried matter) values of P. eryngii were 276.33, 11.95, 7.50, 39.85, 28.45, 7.23 and 4.89, respevtively.These values for P. ostreatus were 243.66, 17.12, 2.60, 37.87, 30.25, 7.39 and 4.78, respectively. The values for P. sajor-caju were 229.22, 16.75, 1.15, 37.72, 30.67, 7.42 and 5.84, respectively

Effect of using different lignocellulosic wastes for cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm. on mushroom yield, chemical composition and nutritional value

In this study, the mushroom yield, chemical composition and nutritional value of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm. cultivated in wheat stalk (WS), millet stalk (MS), soybean stalk (SS) and cotton stalk (CS) were determined. Fresh mushroom yield amounts (100 g of substrate, 70% moisture) obtained from WS, CS, MS and SS substrate media were 17.9, 14.3, 22.7 and 31.5 g, respectively. Samples of mushroom cultivated on different culture mediums were analysed for protein, energy, ash, fat, dietary fibre, carbohydrate, moisture, vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, pyridoxin and niacin) and amino acid contents

Past and present forestry support programs in the Philippines, and lessons for the future

A variety of government programs have been implemented to support smallholder forestry for production and conservation purposes in the Philippines. This paper briefly outlines the arrangements of the past and current programs, notes how they have evolved over time, and provides some comments on their performance. Over about 30 years, as weaknesses have been identified in programs, the program designs have been modified. For most of this time, there has been an increasing emphasis on community involvement as distinct from industrial or individual farmer forestry. However, some of the intractable constraints on community planting have led to recent interest in individual property rights

The desmosomal cadherin desmoglein-3 acts as a keratinocyte anti-stress protein via suppression of p53

Desmoglein-3 (Dsg3), the Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV) antigen (PVA), plays an essential role in keratinocyte cell–cell adhesion and regulates various signaling pathways involved in the progression and metastasis of cancer where it is upregulated. We show here that expression of Dsg3 impacts on the expression and function of p53, a key transcription factor governing the responses to cellular stress. Dsg3 depletion increased p53 expression and activity, an effect enhanced by treating cells with UVB, mechanical stress and genotoxic drugs, whilst increased Dsg3 expression resulted in the opposite effects. Such a pathway in the negative regulation of p53 by Dsg3 was Dsg3 specific since neither E-cadherin nor desmoplakin knockdown caused similar effects. Analysis of Dsg3−/− mouse skin also indicated an increase of p53/p21WAF1/CIP1 and cleaved caspase-3 relative to Dsg3+/− controls. Finally, we evaluated whether this pathway was operational in the autoimmune disease PV in which Dsg3 serves as a major antigen involved in blistering pathogenesis. We uncovered increased p53 with diffuse cytoplasmic and/or nuclear staining in the oral mucosa of patients, including cells surrounding blisters and the pre-lesional regions. This finding was verified by in vitro studies where treatment of keratinocytes with PV sera, as well as a characterized pathogenic antibody specifically targeting Dsg3, evoked pronounced p53 expression and activity accompanied by disruption of cell–cell adhesion. Collectively, our findings suggThe study was supported by the Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry and Guizhou Medical University, China. The animal work was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (TR-SFB 156). Jutamas Uttagomol was supported by a scholarship from Naresuan University, Thailand

Emerging roles of ATF2 and the dynamic AP1 network in cancer

Cooperation among transcription factors is central for their ability to execute specific transcriptional programmes. The AP1 complex exemplifies a network of transcription factors that function in unison under normal circumstances and during the course of tumour development and progression. This Perspective summarizes our current understanding of the changes in members of the AP1 complex and the role of ATF2 as part of this complex in tumorigenesis.Fil: Lopez Bergami, Pablo Roberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (i); Argentina; ArgentinaFil: Lau, Eric . Burnham Institute for Medical Research; Estados UnidosFil: Ronai, Zeev . Burnham Institute for Medical Research; Estados Unido

A case of jessner’s lymphocytic ınfiltration mimicking basal cell carcinoma

Jessnerin lenfositik deri infiltrasyonu sırtta, boyunda ve yüzde lokalize eritematöz papül ve plaklar şeklinde görülen, etyolojisi bilinmeyen bir deri hastalığıdır. Tek veya çok sayıda olabilen lezyonlar 3mm’den 3cm’ye ulaşan çapta olabilirler. Dönemsel olarak hastalık aktivitesi güneşe maruziyetle ilgili olarak değişiklik gösterebilir. Erupsiyonlar birkaç yıl veya birkaç ayda kendiliğinden gerileyebilmekle birlikte birkaç yıl sonra tekrarlayabilir. Hastalık genelde semptomsuzdur. Fakat bazı hastalarda kaşıntı ve yanma şikayeti görülebilir. Histopatolojik olarak, deri biyopsilerinde, retiküler dermisde perivasküler yoğun lenfosit infiltrasyonuyla beraber normal epidermis görülür. Başarı oranları sınırlı olmakla beraber çeşitli ampirik tedaviler uygulanmaktadır. Bazı vakalarda lezyonların ülsere görünümleri nedeniyle ayırıcı tanıda Bazal hücreli karsinom düşünülmelidir.Jessner’s lymphocytic infiltration of the skin is a skin condition of unknown etiology characterized by erythematous papules and plaques located on the face, neck and upper back. Single or multiple lesions may occur that range from 3mm to 3cm in diameter. Seasonal activity is variable: there may be a relationship with sun exposure. Histopathologically, skin biopsies demonstrated a normal epidermis with a dense perivascular infiltrate of lymphocytes in the reticular dermis. A variety of empirical treatments has been tried with limited success. Basal cell carcinoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of this disease

A case of jessner’s lymphocytic ınfiltration mimicking basal cell carcinoma

Jessnerin lenfositik deri infiltrasyonu sırtta, boyunda ve yüzde lokalize eritematöz papül ve plaklar şeklinde görülen, etyolojisi bilinmeyen bir deri hastalığıdır. Tek veya çok sayıda olabilen lezyonlar 3mm’den 3cm’ye ulaşan çapta olabilirler. Dönemsel olarak hastalık aktivitesi güneşe maruziyetle ilgili olarak değişiklik gösterebilir. Erupsiyonlar birkaç yıl veya birkaç ayda kendiliğinden gerileyebilmekle birlikte birkaç yıl sonra tekrarlayabilir. Hastalık genelde semptomsuzdur. Fakat bazı hastalarda kaşıntı ve yanma şikayeti görülebilir. Histopatolojik olarak, deri biyopsilerinde, retiküler dermisde perivasküler yoğun lenfosit infiltrasyonuyla beraber normal epidermis görülür. Başarı oranları sınırlı olmakla beraber çeşitli ampirik tedaviler uygulanmaktadır. Bazı vakalarda lezyonların ülsere görünümleri nedeniyle ayırıcı tanıda Bazal hücreli karsinom düşünülmelidir.Jessner’s lymphocytic infiltration of the skin is a skin condition of unknown etiology characterized by erythematous papules and plaques located on the face, neck and upper back. Single or multiple lesions may occur that range from 3mm to 3cm in diameter. Seasonal activity is variable: there may be a relationship with sun exposure. Histopathologically, skin biopsies demonstrated a normal epidermis with a dense perivascular infiltrate of lymphocytes in the reticular dermis. A variety of empirical treatments has been tried with limited success. Basal cell carcinoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of this disease