215 research outputs found
Professional Interests in the Early Youth: Peculiarities of Boys and Girls
We give the results of research interests in choosing a profession among high school students. The sample consisted of 859 people, 385 of them were boys and 474 were girls between the ages of 14 and 18. The purpose of the study is to study the differences in interests between young men and women that we identified earlier inthe professional fields of technology and art in relation to other professional spheres. For the study, the results of computer testing, using the ‘Proforientator’ method, were used. Studies have made it possible to identify the psychological construct as a community of interests in the professional fields of technology, science and sign.Another distinguished psychological construct is the combination of interests of art, communication, business and sign. It is shown that there are specific, reflecting gender identity in addition to the common interests in the professional socialization among boys and girls. The following specific features are revealed: interest in technology among young men is an additional combination with interests in the professions of business and art. So, girls have an additional combination of interests in the fields of nature and communication but young men have interest in art and it is combined with interests in the professions of science and nature.
Keywords: interests, professional socialization, professional spheres, career guidance work with teenager
Gender Approach in Professional Orientation of School Students
The Constitution of Russia states that women have the same right to education and professional employment and have the right to equal pay for equal work. However, similarly to most countries, gender asymmetry is observed in Russian labor market. In recent years, a growing number of studies have focused on the topic of gender socialization and its connection to professional self-determination. Our article is devoted to the gender-related aspects of school students’ career choice. We rely on the most recognized methodology in Russia developed by A.G. Shmelev’s group: computer-assisted test battery “Proforientator”.Our research has shown statistically significant differences in future career preferences of male and female students aged between 14 and 18 in all spheres, with the exception of “Communication”. Young men of early adolescence showed great interest in such professional spheres as “Technology”, “Science”, “Business”, “Sign”, and “Risk” while high school girls showed a strong inclination to “Art” and “Nature”. Thus, thisdistribution of preferences can be considered as a gender-dependent. Our study has also identified masculine characteristics in females and feminine characteristics in males in the formation of their professional interests. We believe that it is important to take into account the process of gender socialization when working to support the professional self-determination of young people. The revealed regularities require further research.
Keywords: gender, gender socialization, professional self-determination, interests. professional spheres, professional orientation
C-A test of DNA force fields
The DNA duplex may be locally strongly bent in complexes with proteins, for
example, with polymerases or in a nucleosome. At such bends, the DNA helix is
locally in the non-canonical forms A (with a narrow major groove and a large
amount of north sugars) or C (with a narrow minor groove and a large share of
BII phosphates). To model the formation of such complexes by molecular dynamics
methods, the force field is required to reproduce these conformational
transitions for a naked DNA. We analyzed the available experimental data on the
B-C and B-A transitions under the conditions easily implemented in modeling: in
an aqueous NaCl solution. We selected six DNA duplexes which conformations at
different salt concentrations are known reliably enough. At low salt
concentrations, poly(GC) and poly(A) are in the B-form, classical and slightly
shifted to the A-form, respectively. The duplexes ATAT and GGTATACC have a
strong and salt concentration dependent bias toward the A-form. The polymers
poly(AC) and poly(G) take the C- and A-forms, respectively, at high salt
concentrations. The reproduction of the behavior of these oligomers can serve
as a test for the balance of interactions between the base stacking and the
conformational flexibility of the sugar-phosphate backbone in a DNA force
field. We tested the AMBER bsc1 and CHARMM36 force fields and their hybrids,
and we failed to reproduce the experiment. In all the force fields, the salt
concentration dependence is very weak. The known B-philicity of the AMBER force
field proved to result from the B-philicity of its excessively strong base
stacking. In the CHARMM force field, the B-form is a result of a fragile
balance between the A-philic base stacking (especially for G:C pairs) and the
C-philic backbone. Finally, we analyzed some recent simulations of the LacI-,
SOX-4-, and Sac7d-DNA complex formation in the framework of the AMBER force
field.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures plus one TOC picture, 5 table
Isotope shifts of the 2-2 transition in B-like ions
Isotope shifts of the 2-2 transition in B-like ions are
evaluated for a wide range of the nuclear charge number: Z=8-92. The
calculations of the relativistic nuclear recoil and nuclear size effects are
performed using a large scale configuration-interaction Dirac-Fock-Sturm
method. The corresponding QED corrections are also taken into account. The
results of the calculations are compared with the theoretical values obtained
with other methods. The accuracy of the isotope shifts of the
2-2 transition in B-like ions is significantly improved.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1410.707
Relativistic calculations of the isotope shifts in highly charged Li-like ions
Relativistic calculations of the isotope shifts of energy levels in highly
charged Li-like ions are performed. The nuclear recoil (mass shift)
contributions are calculated by merging the perturbative and large-scale
configuration-interaction Dirac-Fock-Sturm (CI-DFS) methods. The nuclear size
(field shift) contributions are evaluated by the CI-DFS method including the
electron-correlation, Breit, and QED corrections. The nuclear deformation and
nuclear polarization corrections to the isotope shifts in Li-like neodymium,
thorium, and uranium are also considered. The results of the calculations are
compared with the theoretical values obtained with other methods.Comment: 28 page
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