Personal archiv as the object of sociological research (on the base of Dostavalov”s personal archiv)

This article is about of the personal archive, and we consider it as "field" of sociological research. Sociological focus of the analysis of personal papers is allocated. We describe experience with personal archive, the text of personal papers can show us the structure of archive and value of the author of archive.В данной статье личный архив рассматривается как «поле» социологического исследования, выделяется социологический фокус анализа личных документов. Описывается опыт работы с личным архивом, где открывается возможность в разрозненных текстах личных документов увидеть структуру архива основанную на ценностной позиции его втора

Metal Oxide Nanoparticle Preparation by Pulsed Laser Ablation of Metallic Targets in Liquid

The basic mechanisms of pulsed laser ablation in liquids (PLAL) as a method for the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) were considered. Physical and chemical processes occurring during the PLAL that determine the formation, composition and structure of the nanoparticles obtained are described. The influence of the composition and properties of the target material, the solvent and the characteristics of the laser irradiation on the efficiency of the synthesis of nanoparticles is discussed. Separately, an influence of the absorption and scattering (including nonlinear) of laser radiation in the dispersion of nanoparticles on the primary synthetic processes and secondary transformations inside the colloidal solution is examined. The specificity of the characterization of the colloidal solutions of oxide particles produced by PLAL is highlighted. The most promising practical applications of nanomaterials obtained are identified and the examples of their successful use in catalytic research and biomedicine are provided

Analysis of Russian market of foodstuffs and agricultural raw materials in modern conditions of managing

The paper analyzes the characteristics and trends in the product structure and geographical flows of Russia’s trade. A significant influence of TNCs on the Russian market of food and agricultural raw materials was detected. The developmental problems, place and prospects of Russia on the global food market in terms of import substitution policy were identified.У статті проаналізовано особливості та тенденції товарної структури та географічних потоків торгівлі Росії. Виявлено істотний вплив ТНК на російський ринок продовольства та сільськогосподарської сировини. Визначено проблеми розвитку, місце та перспективи Росії на світовому ринку продовольства в умовах політики імпортозаміщення.В статье проанализированы особенности и тенденции в товарной структуре и географических потоках торговли России. Выявлено существенное влияние ТНК на российский рынок продовольствия и сельскохозяйственного сырья. Определены проблемы развития, место и перспективы России на мировом рынке продовольствия в условиях политики импортозамещения

Initial Implementation of a Machine Learning System for SRF Cavity Fault Classification at CEBAF

The Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at Jefferson Laboratory is a high power Continuous Wave (CW) electron accelerator. It uses a mixture of of SRF cryomodules: older, lower energy C20/C50 modules and newer, higher energy C100 modules. The cryomodules are arrayed in two anti-parallel linear accelerators. Accurately classifying the type of cavity faults is essential to maintaining and improving accelerator performance. Each C100 cryomodule contains eight 7-cell cavities. When a cavity fault occurs within a cryomodule, all eight cavities generate 17 waveforms each containing 8192 points. This data is exported from the control system and saved for review. Analysis of these waveforms is time intensive and requires a subject matter expert (SME). SMEs examine the data from each event and label it according to one of several known cavity fault types. Multiple machine learning models have been developed on this labeled dataset with sufficient performance to warrant the creation of a limited machine learning software system for use by accelerator operations staff. This paper discusses the transition from model development to implementation of a prototype system

Comparison of vaccination and booster rates and their impact on excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in European countries

AimTo evaluate the effect of vaccination/booster administration dynamics on the reduction of excess mortality during COVID-19 infection waves in European countries.MethodsWe selected twenty-nine countries from the OurWorldInData project database according to their population size of more than one million and the availability of information on dominant SARS-CoV-2 variants during COVID-19 infection waves. After selection, we categorized countries according to their “faster” or “slower” vaccination rates. The first category included countries that reached 60% of vaccinated residents by October 2021 and 70% by January 2022. The second or “slower” category included all other countries. In the first or “faster” category, two groups, “boosters faster’’ and “boosters slower” were created. Pearson correlation analysis, linear regression, and chi-square test for categorical data were used to identify the association between vaccination rate and excess mortality. We chose time intervals corresponding to the dominance of viral variants: Wuhan, Alpha, Delta, and Omicron BA.1/2.Results and discussionThe “faster” countries, as opposed to the “slower” ones, did better in protecting their residents from mortality during all periods of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and even before vaccination. Perhaps higher GDP per capita contributed to their better performance throughout the pandemic. During mass vaccination, when the Delta variant prevailed, the contrast in mortality rates between the “faster” and “slower” categories was strongest. The average excess mortality in the “slower” countries was nearly 5 times higher than in the “faster” countries, and the odds ratio (OR) was 4.9 (95% CI 4.4 to 5.4). Slower booster rates were associated with significantly higher mortality during periods dominated by Omicron BA.1 and BA.2, with an OR of 2.6 (CI 95%. 2.1 to 3.3). Among the European countries we analyzed, Denmark, Norway, and Ireland did best, with a pandemic mortality rate of 0.1% of the population or less. By comparison, Bulgaria, Serbia, and Russia had a much higher mortality rate of up to 1% of the population.ConclusionThus, slow vaccination and booster administration was a major factor contributing to an order of magnitude higher excess mortality in “slower” European countries compared to more rapidly immunized countries

Visualization of nanoconstructions with DNA-Aptamers for targeted molecules binding on the surface of screen-printed electrodes

Nanoconstructions of gold nanoparticles (NPs) obtained via pulsed laser ablation in liquid with DNA-aptamer specific to protein tumor marker were visualized on the surface of screen-printed electrode using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). AuNPs/aptamer nanoconstuctions distribution on the solid surface was studied. More uniform coverage of the carbon electrode surface with the nanoconstuctions was showed in comparison with DNA-aptamer alone on the golden electrode surface. Targeted binding of the tumor marker molecules with the AuNPs/DNA-aptamer nanoconstuctions was approved

Distinct Patterns of Expression and Evolution of Intronless and Intron-Containing Mammalian Genes

Comparison of expression levels and breadth and evolutionary rates of intronless and intron-containing mammalian genes shows that intronless genes are expressed at lower levels, tend to be tissue specific, and evolve significantly faster than spliced genes. By contrast, monomorphic spliced genes that are not subject to detectable alternative splicing and polymorphic alternatively spliced genes show similar statistically indistinguishable patterns of expression and evolution. Alternative splicing is most common in ancient genes, whereas intronless genes appear to have relatively recent origins. These results imply tight coupling between different stages of gene expression, in particular, transcription, splicing, and nucleocytosolic transport of transcripts, and suggest that formation of intronless genes is an important route of evolution of novel tissue-specific functions in animals

Неогегельянство Александра Кожева и его влияние на постмодернизм

The article discusses the main aspects of Alexandre Kojève's philosophy as well as the reception of his ideas in the philosophy of "Low materialism" (G. Bataille) and Postmodernism (M. Foucault, R. Barthes, B. Groys).The most important moments of Kojève's biography are noted and analyzed, especially his reinterpretation of Hegel’s dialectics, which had become one of the leading concepts of French philosophy of XX century. Moreover, there is a classification of the concepts of Hegelian dialectics, which Kojève uses as his Neohegelian language: Negative dialectics, Lord–bondsman dialectics, The End of History. Apart from this, there are some themes of Postmodern philosophy (The death of the subject) that are analyzed in comparative way with Kojève's ideas. The authors come to the conclusion that Kojève's innovative interpretation of "Phänomenologie des Geistes" had become one of the most important bases of Postmodernism.В статье рассматриваются основные аспекты философии А. Кожева, и рецепция его идей в философии «низкого материализма» (Ж. Батай) и постмодернизма (М. Фуко, Р. Барт, Б. Гройс). Отмечаются и анализируются некоторые моменты в биографии Кожева, в особенности, его увлечение Гегелем, трактовка которого впоследствии стала одной из ведущих концепций французской философской мысли. Анализируется классификация понятий гегелевской диалектики, являющейся инструментом и языком неогегельянства А. Кожева (негативная диалектика, диалектика раба и господина, конец истории), а также основные темы философии постмодернизма (смерть субъекта). Авторы приходят к выводу, что оригинальная трактовка А. Кожевом «Феноменологии духа» Гегеля стала одним из важнейших базисов философии постмодерна