Nataliakulikite, Ca4Ti2(Fe3+,fe2+)(Si,fe3+,al)o11, a new perovskite-supergroup mineral from hatrurim basin, negev desert, Israel

Nataliakulikite, Ca4Ti2(Fe3+,Fe2+)(Si,Fe3+,Al)O11, is a mineral intermediate between perovskite CaTiO3 and brownmillerite Ca2(Fe,Al)2O5. It was discovered as a minor mineral in a high-temperature pyrometamorphic larnite-gehlenite rock at the Nahal Morag Canyon of the Hatrurim Basin, Israel. Nataliakulikite is associated with larnite, flamite, gehlenite, magnesioferrite, Fe3+-rich perovskite, fluorapatite, barite, Hashemite, and retrograde phases (afwillite, hillebrandite, portlandite, calcite, ettringite, hydrogarnet, and other hydrated Ca-silicates). The mineral forms brown subhedral or prismatic grains (up to 20 µm) and their intergrowths (up to 50 µm). Its empirical formula (n = 47) is (Ca3.992Sr0.014U0.004)(Ti1.933Zr0.030Nb0.002) (Fe3+0.610Fe2+0.405Cr0.005Mn0.005)(Si0.447Fe3+0.337Al0.216)O11 and shows Si predominance in tetrahedral site. The unit-cell parameters (HRTEM data) and space group are: a = 5.254, b = 30.302, c = 5.488 Å, V = 873.7 Å3, Pnma, Z = 4. These dimensions and Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data strongly support the structural identity between nataliakulikite and synthetic Ca4Ti2Fe3+2O11 (2CaTiO3·Ca2Fe3+2O5), an intermediate compound in the system CaTiO3-Ca2Fe3+2O5. In general, this mineral is a Si-Fe2+-rich natural analog of synthetic Ca4Ti2Fe3+2O11. The X-ray powder diffraction data (CuKα-radiation), calculated from unit-cell dimensions, show the strongest lines {d [Å], (Icalc)} at: 2.681(100), 1.898(30), 2.627(26), 2.744(23), 1.894(22), 15.151(19), 1.572(14), 3.795(8). The calculated density is 4.006 g/cm3. The crystal structure of nataliakulikite has not been refined because of small sizes of grains. The Raman spectrum shows strong bands at 128, 223, 274, 562, and 790 cm−1. Nataliakulikite from the Hatrurim Basin crystallized under the conditions of combustion metamorphism at high temperatures (1160–1200◦C) and low pressures (HT-region of the spurrite-merwinite facies). © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Russian Science Foundation, RSF: 0330-2016-0004, 17-17-01056, IGM SD 0330-2016-0005Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, BGUThis research was funded by the Russian Science Foundation, grant number 17-17-01056. The field work and sample collection was partly supported the State assignment projects (IGM SD 0330-2016-0005, 0330-2016-0004). Acknowledgments: The authors would like to thank M.V. Khlestov (IGM SD RAS) for technical assistance at SEM studies. Yevgeny Vapnik (Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel) is thanked for providing of fruitful field trips in the Hatrurim Basin in 2004 and 2019. The last version of the manuscript was improved through comments and suggestions by T. Perepelova (IGM, Novosibirsk). We are highly appreciative of the valuable comments and suggestions of two anonymous reviewers

Analysis of Current Rules and Regulations for Preclinical Studies of Radiopharmaceuticals

SCIENTIFIC RELEVANCE. Owing to specific aspects of their development and use, radiopharmaceuticals require separate rules and regulations for preclinical studies. However, current legislation and regulations on the organisation and conduct of preclinical studies of radiopharmaceuticals contain a number of contradictions and need improvement.AIM. This review aimed to analyse the rules and regulations governing preclinical studies of radiopharmaceuticals in the Russian Federation and abroad.DISCUSSION. The regulatory requirements for preclinical studies of radiopharmaceuticals that are conducted by specialised institutions in Russia and abroad have several shortcomings and inconsistencies. Laboratories working with animals and open sources of ionising radiation should prioritise regulations related to radiation safety. Radiation safety requirements should be in line with the sanitary standards and practical guidelines used in preclinical studies. This review covers the specific aspects of conducting preclinical studies of therapeutic and diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals. According to the review results, international guidelines for preclinical studies of radiopharmaceuticals focus on systematising the applicable requirements and aim at providing a consistent approach to preclinical studies to reduce the conduct of studies that are not informative for a specific radiopharmaceutical product.CONCLUSIONS. Radiation safety requirements should be harmonised with international guidelines. Methodological recommendations and local regulations should be developed and approved to facilitate the resolution of regulatory issues related to the organisation and conduct of preclinical studies of radiopharmaceuticals. Many medical, social, technical, and administrative issues need addressing at the inter-institutional and/or national level

Ellinaite, CaCr2O4, a New Natural Post-Spinel Oxide from Hatrurim Basin, Israel, and Juína Kimberlite Field, Brazil

Ellinaite, a natural analog of the post-spinel phase β-CaCr2O4, was discovered at the Hatrurim Basin, Hatrurim pyrometamorphic formation (the Mottled Zone), Israel, and in an inclusion within the super-deep diamond collected at the placer of the Sorriso River, Juína kimberlite field, Brazil. Ellinaite at the Hatrurim Basin is confined to a reduced rankinite-gehlenite paralava, where it occurs as subhedral grains up to 30μm in association with gehlenite, rankinite and pyrrhotite or forms the rims overgrowing zoned chromite-magnesiochromite. The empirical formula of the Hatrurim sample is (Ca0.960Fe0.0162+Na0.012Mg0.003)0.992(Cr1.731V0.1833+Ti0.0683+Al0.023Ti0.0034+)2.008O4. The mineral crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group Pnma, unit-cell parameters refined from X-ray single-crystal data: A 8.868(9), b 2.885(3), c 10.355(11)Å, V 264.9(5)Å3 and ZCombining double low line4. The crystal structure of ellinaite from the Hatrurim Basin has been solved and refined to R1Combining double low line0.0588 based on 388 independent observed reflections. Ellinaite in the Juína diamond occurs within the micron-sized polyphase inclusion in association with ferropericlase, magnesioferrite, orthorhombic MgCr2O4, unidentified iron carbide and graphite. Its empirical formula is Ca1.07(Cr1.71Fe0.063+V0.06Ti0.03Al0.03Mg0.02Mn0.02)ς1.93O4. The unit-cell parameters obtained from HRTEM data are as follows: Space group Pnma, a 9.017, b 2.874Å, c 10.170Å, V 263.55Å3, ZCombining double low line4. Ellinaite belongs to a group of natural tunnel-structured oxides of the general formula AB2O4, the so-called post-spinel minerals: Marokite CaMn2O4, xieite FeCr2O4, harmunite CaFe2O4, wernerkrauseite CaFe23+Mn4+O6, chenmingite FeCr2O4, maohokite MgFe2O4 and tschaunerite Fe(FeTi)O4. The mineral from both occurrences seems to be crystallized under highly reduced conditions at high temperatures (>1000°C), but under different pressure: Near-surface (Hatrurim Basin) and lower mantle (Juína diamond). © 2021 Victor V. Sharygin et al.Raman spectroscopy and EBSD investigations for the Hatrurim ellinaite were done on state assignment of IGM SB RAS (IX.125.2) and the Initiative Project of Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Act 211 of the Government of the Russian Federation (grant agreement no. 02.A03.21.0006)). SEM and microprobe studies for the Hatrurim ellinaite were supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 17-17-01056p). Crystallographic studies of the Hatrurim ellinaite were provided by the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 18-17-00079)

Rippite, K2Nb2(Si4O12)O2)O(O,F), a new K-Nb-cyclosilicate from chuktukon carbonatite massif, chadobets upland, krasnoyarsk territory, russia

Rippite K2(Nb,Ti)2(Si4O12)(O,F)2, a new K-Nb-cyclosilicate, has been discovered in calciocarbonatites from the Chuktukon massif (Chadobets upland, SW Siberian Platform, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Russia). It was found in a primary mineral assemblage, which also includes calcite, fluorcalciopyrochlore, tainiolite, fluorapatite, fluorite, Nb-rich rutile, olekminskite, K-feldspar, Fe-Mn–dolomite and quartz. Goethite, francolite (Sr-rich carbonate–fluorapatite) and psilomelane (romanèchite ± hollandite) aggregates as well as barite, monazite-(Ce), parisite-(Ce), synchysite-(Ce) and Sr-Ba-Pb-rich keno-/hydropyrochlore are related to a stage of metasomatic (hydrothermal) alteration of carbonatites. The calcite–dolomite coexistence assumes crystallization temperature near 837◦C for the primary carbonatite paragenesis. Rippite is tetragonal: P4bm, a = 8.73885(16), c = 8.1277(2) Å, V = 620.69(2) Å3, Z = 2. It is closely identical in the structure and cell parameters to synthetic K2Nb2(Si4O12)O2 (or KNbSi2O7). Similar to synthetic phase, the mineral has nonlinear properties. Some optical and physical properties for rippite are: colorless; Mohs’ hardness—4–5; cleavage—(001) very perfect, (100) perfect to distinct; density (meas.)—3.17(2) g/cm3; density (calc.)—3.198 g/cm3; optically uniaxial (+); ω = 1.737-1.739; ε = 1.747 (589 nm). The empirical formula of the holotype rippite (mean of 120 analyses) is K2(Nb1.90Ti0.09Zr0.01)[Si4O12](O1.78OH0.12F0.10). Majority of rippite prismatic crystals are weakly zoned and show Ti-poor composition K2(Nb1.93Ti0.05Zr0.02)[Si4O12](O1.93F0.07). Raman and IR spectroscopy, and SIMS data indicate very low H2O content (0.09–0.23 wt %). Some grains may contain an outermost zone, which is enriched in Ti (+Zr) and F, up to K2(Nb1.67Ti0.32Zr0.01)[Si4O12](O1.67F0.33). It strongly suggests the incorporation of (Ti,Zr) and F in the structure of rippite via the isomorphism Nb5+ + O2− → (Ti,Zr)4+ + F1−. The content of a hypothetical end-member K2Ti2[Si4O12]F2 may be up to 17 mol. %. Rippite represents a new structural type among [Si4O12]-cyclosilicates because of specific type of connection of the octahedral chains and [Si4O12]8− rings. In structural and chemical aspects it seems to be in close with the labuntsovite-supergroup minerals, namely with vuoriyarvite-(K), K2(Nb,Ti)2(Si4O12)(O,OH)2·4H2O. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Investigations of inclusions in minerals and physical and chemical properties of rippite were done on state assignment of IGM SB RAS (0330-2019-0002 and 0330-2016-0005) and GIN SB RAS (AAAA-A16-116122110027-2), and the Initiative Project of Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Act 211 of the Government of the Russian Federation (agreement no. 02.A03.21.0006). Geochemical, spectroscopic and chemical studies for rippite were supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant 19-17-00019)

A systematic review to identify areas of enhancements of pandemic simulation models for operational use at provincial and local levels

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In recent years, computer simulation models have supported development of pandemic influenza preparedness policies. However, U.S. policymakers have raised several <it>concerns </it>about the practical use of these models. In this review paper, we examine the extent to which the current literature already addresses these <it>concerns </it>and identify means of enhancing the current models for higher operational use.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We surveyed PubMed and other sources for published research literature on simulation models for influenza pandemic preparedness. We identified 23 models published between 1990 and 2010 that consider single-region (e.g., country, province, city) outbreaks and multi-pronged mitigation strategies. We developed a plan for examination of the literature based on the concerns raised by the policymakers.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>While examining the concerns about the adequacy and validity of data, we found that though the epidemiological data supporting the models appears to be adequate, it should be validated through as many updates as possible during an outbreak. Demographical data must improve its interfaces for access, retrieval, and translation into model parameters. Regarding the concern about credibility and validity of modeling assumptions, we found that the models often simplify reality to reduce computational burden. Such simplifications may be permissible if they do not interfere with the performance assessment of the mitigation strategies. We also agreed with the concern that social behavior is inadequately represented in pandemic influenza models. Our review showed that the models consider only a few social-behavioral aspects including contact rates, withdrawal from work or school due to symptoms appearance or to care for sick relatives, and compliance to social distancing, vaccination, and antiviral prophylaxis. The concern about the degree of accessibility of the models is palpable, since we found three models that are currently accessible by the public while other models are seeking public accessibility. Policymakers would prefer models scalable to any population size that can be downloadable and operable in personal computers. But scaling models to larger populations would often require computational needs that cannot be handled with personal computers and laptops. As a limitation, we state that some existing models could not be included in our review due to their limited available documentation discussing the choice of relevant parameter values.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>To adequately address the concerns of the policymakers, we need continuing model enhancements in critical areas including: updating of epidemiological data during a pandemic, smooth handling of large demographical databases, incorporation of a broader spectrum of social-behavioral aspects, updating information for contact patterns, adaptation of recent methodologies for collecting human mobility data, and improvement of computational efficiency and accessibility.</p

THE FEATURES OF FORMATION OF THE PROGRAMMER’S STYLE THINKING OF FUTURE TEACHERS OF INFORMATICS

В статье рассматриваются особенности формирования программистского стиля мышления у будущих учителей информатики в процессе обучения курсу «Языки и методы программирования», с использованием методики телесно-полиязыкового обучения

THE FEATURES OF FORMATION OF THE PROGRAMMER’S STYLE THINKING OF FUTURE TEACHERS OF INFORMATICS

В статье рассматриваются особенности формирования программистского стиля мышления у будущих учителей информатики в процессе обучения курсу «Языки и методы программирования», с использованием методики телесно-полиязыкового обучения

Natural training tools of informatics in conditions of embodied and mental approach realization

Modern processes of globalization and informatization of human activity cause the necessity of change of the educational paradigm in the field of information training of a person, focused on the formation of the strong fundamental knowledge and abilities, which are necessary for person’s information activities and self-education during all life.In connection with these requirements, it is necessary to pay attention to new approaches in education, based on achievements of cognitive science and modern pedagogic. One of such approaches is embodied and mental approach. The paper is devoted to the description of a way of realization of embodied and mental approach in training of informatics through application of the natural tools, providing the fullest and deep understanding of the educational material, and development of cognitive abilities of students.In the paper the theoretical analysis of psychology-pedagogical and methodical literature on a research subject is carried out, results are generalized, natural tools are modeled and results of their partial approbation are described. Achievement of necessary quality of education is offered due to the use of modern techniques, focused on the development of cognitive abilities and improvement of quality of the knowledge. In the conditions of information education, the combination of embodied and mental approaches will allow to acquaint students with the essence of the studied subject due to activation of motor area of the memory and the kinesthetic and visual perception channels. The instrument of realization of this idea is offered to use natural tools in informatics, what is actualized by age features of cognitive abilities of students and individual requirements to ways of perception and mastering of the material, matched according to the level of their knowledge.The research results describe the models of natural tools, developed by students and lecturers of the basic Department of Informatics and Information Technologies in Education of Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V. Astafyev. Partial approbation of natural tools has shown the increase of respondents’ interest in the studied subjects, activation of mental actions, and time reduction for the development of the studied informatics methods.In the conditions of realization of embodied and mental approach, natural tools will help to correct the critical deficiency in the mechanism of training of informatics, having eliminated the reason of emergence of this deficiency, ordered the received system of knowledge and restored didactically true structure of transition from touch operating to abstract. Performance of certain methods with use of these tools will allow developing students’ thinking, thereby having provided conscious understanding of a training material.The created system of students involvement to design and development of natural and didactic tools on the basis of the latest technologies and also their approbation and creation of innovative techniques of training with their use will significantly enrich the theory and practice of training of future lecturers to informatics in the field of technical education.Further work in the project and possible spheres of use of the received results are provided in the paper conclusion

INVESTIGATION OF PHASE EQUILIBRIA AND GROWTH OF betta-BaB2O4 (BBO) CRYSTALS IN BaO-B2O3-Na2O-NaF SYSTEM

BaB2O4-NaF pseudobinary system has been found to form a simple eutectic phase diagram with the eutectic composition corresponding to 61 mol% NaF and eutectic temperature of 754°C. Complex investigation of BaB2O4-NaF system revealed primary crystallization area of new fluorine borate Ba2Na3[B3O6]2F. Concentration interval from 47.5 to 57 mol % NaF corresponds to the Ba2Na3[B3O6]2F primary crystallization area. According to DTA data new fluorine borate Ba2Na3[B3O6]2F melts congruently at 835°C. X-ray structural analysis showed that Ba2Na3[B3O6]2F crystallizes in hexagonal system, space group P63/m, a=7.346 Å, c=12.637 Å, Z=2. Its hardness is 4.5 on the Mohs scale. Absorption spectrum was measured on spectrometer Shimadzu-UV-2501-PC. Absorption edge in UV region is about 200 nm. Thus, it can be concluded that BaB2O4 – NaF system can not be considered as quasibinary. Further research of the system should be carried along its multicomponent character and the principle quadruple mutual Na,Ba,B//O,F system should be taken into consideratio