Развитие креативных способностей курсантов специального ВУЗа при решении практико-ориентированных задач

The article on the example of fire cadet training institute shows the role and importance in education practice-oriented context of pedagogical tasks as an important means of shaping the creative qualities of future professionals. Particular attention is paid to design technology content of such problems, which should reflect the target components of the related disciplines, which enhances interdisciplinary communication and stimulates motivational orientation in general.В статье на примере подготовки курсантов пожарного института показаны роль и значение в учебном процессе практико-ориентированных контекстных педагогических задач как одно из важных средств формирования креативных качеств будущих специалистов. Особое внимание уделено технологии проектирования содержания подобных задач, которое должно отражать целевые компоненты из смежных дисциплин, что усиливает межпредметные связи и стимулирует мотивационную направленность в целом

Psychological adaptation of cadets of higher educational institutions of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia to activity in extreme situations

This article deals with an important topic – psychological adaptation of cadets of higher educational institutions of the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations in the process of preparation for activities in extreme situations. This situations are out of the comfort zone of many people, so it is especially important for EMERCOM cadets to develop skills of adaptation and emotional stability. The article analyzes the problems associated with psychological adaptation, as well as the factors that influence it, considers the actual methods and ways of preparing cadets to work in extreme conditions and offers practical recommendations for their solution. The important role of psychological training in the process of cadets’ adaptation to work in extreme situations is shown, allowing them to develop the necessary skills and abilities required for making complex decisions and managing stressful situations within the boundaries of their professional activity. Psychological training helps cadets to develop psychological resilience, concentration of attention and ability to conduct effective activities in difficult conditions, including extreme ones

Breath air measurement using wide-band frequency tuning IR laser photo-acoustic spectroscopy

The results of measuring of biomarkers in breath air of patients with broncho-pulmonary diseases using wide-band frequency tuning IR laser photo-acoustic spectroscopy and the methods of data mining are presented. We will discuss experimental equipment and various methods of intellectual analysis of the experimental spectra in context of above task

Exhaled air analysis using wideband wave number tuning range infrared laser photoacoustic spectroscopy

The infrared laser photoacoustic spectroscopy (LPAS) and the pattern-recognition-based approach for noninvasive express diagnostics of pulmonary diseases on the basis of absorption spectra analysis of the patient’s exhaled air are presented. The study involved lung cancer patients ( N = 9 ), patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( N = 12 ), and a control group of healthy, nonsmoking volunteers ( N = 11 ). The analysis of the measured absorption spectra was based at first on reduction of the dimension of the feature space using principal component analysis; thereafter, the dichotomous classification was carried out using the support vector machine. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method (GC–MS) was used as the reference. The estimated mean value of the sensitivity of exhaled air sample analysis by the LPAS in dichotomous classification was not less than 90% and specificity was not less than 69%; the analogous results of analysis by GC–MS were 68% and 60%, respectively. Also, the approach to differential diagnostics based on the set of SVM classifiers usage is presented

БЕЛКИ, ПЕПТИДЫ И АМИНОКИСЛОТЫ ВЫДЫХАЕМОГО ВОЗДУХА КАК МАРКЕРЫ БРОНХО-ЛЕГОЧНЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ

The article is a review of current literature on a content of proteins, peptides and amino acids in human exhaled breath. The results of proteomics and metabolomics applying for selective detection of individual proteins, peptides and amino acids are described. The study of exhaled breath condensate and exhaled endogenous particles contained lung proteins are considered. The peculiarities of protein, peptide and amino acid content in exhaled breath at various respiratory diseases are described. It is shown that the detectable substances may be specific markers of individual diseases.Представлен обзор современной литературы о содержании в выдыхаемом воздухе человека белков, пептидов и аминокислот. Описываются результаты применения методов протеомики и метаболомики для селективного детектирования отдельных белков, пептидов и аминокислот. Рассматриваются результаты исследования конденсата выдыхаемого воздуха и малых нелетучих эндогенных частиц. Описываются особенности содержания в выдыхаемом воздухе белков, пептидов и аминокислот при различных заболеваниях дыхательной системы. Показано, что обнаруживаемые вещества могут быть специфическими маркерами конкретных заболеваний

PROTEINS, PEPTIDES AND AMINO ACIDS AS MARKERS OF BRONCHOPULMONARY DISEASES

The article is a review of current literature on a content of proteins, peptides and amino acids in human exhaled breath. The results of proteomics and metabolomics applying for selective detection of individual proteins, peptides and amino acids are described. The study of exhaled breath condensate and exhaled endogenous particles contained lung proteins are considered. The peculiarities of protein, peptide and amino acid content in exhaled breath at various respiratory diseases are described. It is shown that the detectable substances may be specific markers of individual diseases

Exhaled air analysis using wideband wave number tuning range infrared laser photoacoustic spectroscopy

The infrared laser photoacoustic spectroscopy (LPAS) and the pattern-recognition-based approach for noninvasive express diagnostics of pulmonary diseases on the basis of absorption spectra analysis of the patient’s exhaled air are presented. The study involved lung cancer patients ( N = 9 ), patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( N = 12 ), and a control group of healthy, nonsmoking volunteers ( N = 11 ). The analysis of the measured absorption spectra was based at first on reduction of the dimension of the feature space using principal component analysis; thereafter, the dichotomous classification was carried out using the support vector machine. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method (GC–MS) was used as the reference. The estimated mean value of the sensitivity of exhaled air sample analysis by the LPAS in dichotomous classification was not less than 90% and specificity was not less than 69%; the analogous results of analysis by GC–MS were 68% and 60%, respectively. Also, the approach to differential diagnostics based on the set of SVM classifiers usage is presented