1,143 research outputs found
Erhebung der Grundlagen für die bessere Vermarktung von nach besonderen Richtlinien erzeugten landwirtschaftlichen Produkten aus dem Oberrheingebiet
Die vorliegende Untersuchung basiert auf einer Situationsanalyse der Produktions- und Marktstrukturen der regionalen Landwirtschaft. Neben dem Nachfrageverhalten sowie den Erwartungen und Wünschen der Verbraucher und regionalen Marktpartner der Landwirtschaft (Mikroumfeld) werden zudem übergeordnete physische, gesellschaftliche, politische und ökonomische Faktoren (Makroumfeld), die die Ausrichtung der regionalen Landwirtschaft beeinflussen, betrachtet. Die Analyse des Mikro- und Makroumfeldes setzt sich aus folgenden Projektteilen zusammen:
- Analyse der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion und ihres Umfeldes,
- Analyse der landwirtschaftlichen Vermarktungsstruktur und des Grades der Vernetzung der Landwirtschaft mit ihren regionalen Marktpartnern,
- Analyse des Kaufverhaltens und der Präferenzen bei Verbrauchern bezüglich regional und umweltgerecht erzeugter Produkte in verschiedenen Markttypen (Biomarkt/ Naturkostgeschäft, Supermarkt sowie Verbrauchermarkt/Einkaufszentrum),
- Analyse des Grossverbrauchermarktes (Einrichtungen der Gemeinschaftsverpflegung) hinsichtlich des Einsatzes von regionalen und umweltgerecht erzeugten Agrarprodukten,
- Untersuchung der grenzüberschreitenden Aktivitäten der Landwirtschaft und ihrer Marktpartner in der REGIO,
- Systematisierung und Bewertung der handelsrechtlichen Hemmnisse im grenzüberschreitenden Warenaustausch.
Da die Bedeutung einzelner Produktgruppen, wie auch einzelner Vermarktungswege im Untersuchungsgebiet variieren, konzentriert sich die Untersuchung auf die für die drei Regionen jeweils wichtigsten Nahrungsmittelmärkte Brotgetreide, Milch, Fleisch sowie Obst und Gemüse. Zusätzlich werden produktübergreifend die Märkte für integriert sowie für ökologisch erzeugte Nahrungsmittel analysiert.
Aufbauend auf die im Rahmen dieser Arbeit erstellten Umfeldanalyse sowie die Schätzung der weiteren Entwicklung der wichtigsten Einflussfaktoren der landwirtschaftlichen Erzeugung und Vermarktung, werden, mit Hilfe einer produktbezogenen Betrachtung der fördernden und hemmenden Faktoren, die Möglichkeiten für eine stärkere regionale Marktausrichtung der Landwirtschaft unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der ökologischen und integrierten Produktion beurteilt
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Assessment of the tissue distribution of transplanted human endothelial progenitor cells by radioactive labeling
Background— Transplantation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) improves vascularization and left ventricular function after experimental myocardial ischemia. However, tissue distribution of transplanted EPCs has not yet been monitored in living animals. Therefore, we tested whether radioactive labeling allows us to detect injected EPCs
J004457+4123 (Sharov 21): not a remarkable nova in M31 but a background quasar with a spectacular UV flare
We announce the discovery of a quasar behind the disk of M31, which was
previously classified as a remarkable nova in our neighbour galaxy. The paper
is primarily aimed at the outburst of J004457+4123 (Sharov 21), with the first
part focussed on the optical spectroscopy and the improvement in the
photometric database. Both the optical spectrum and the broad band spectral
energy distribution of Sharov 21 are shown to be very similar to that of
normal, radio-quiet type 1 quasars. We present photometric data covering more
than a century and resulting in a long-term light curve that is densely sampled
over the past five decades. The variability of the quasar is characterized by a
ground state with typical fluctuation amplitudes of ~0.2 mag around B~20.5,
superimposed by a singular flare of ~2 yr duration (observer frame) with the
maximum at 1992.81 where the UV flux has increased by a factor of ~20. The
total energy in the flare is at least three orders of magnitudes higher than
the radiated energy of the most luminous supernovae, provided that it comes
from an intrinsic process and the energy is radiated isotropically. The profile
of the flare light curve appears to be in agreement with the standard
predictions for a stellar tidal disruption event where a ~10 M_sun giant star
was shredded in the tidal field of a ~2...5 10^8 M_sun black hole. The short
fallback time derived from the light curve requires an ultra-close encounter
where the pericentre of the stellar orbit is deep within the tidal disruption
radius. Gravitational microlensing provides an alternative explanation, though
the probability of such a high amplification event is very low.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics, 14 pages, 11
figure
A Transiting Jupiter Analog
Decadal-long radial velocity surveys have recently started to discover
analogs to the most influential planet of our solar system, Jupiter. Detecting
and characterizing these worlds is expected to shape our understanding of our
uniqueness in the cosmos. Despite the great successes of recent transit
surveys, Jupiter analogs represent a terra incognita, owing to the strong
intrinsic bias of this method against long orbital periods. We here report on
the first validated transiting Jupiter analog, Kepler-167e (KOI-490.02),
discovered using Kepler archival photometry orbiting the K4-dwarf KIC-3239945.
With a radius of , a low orbital eccentricity
() and an equilibrium temperature of K,
Kepler-167e bears many of the basic hallmarks of Jupiter. Kepler-167e is
accompanied by three Super-Earths on compact orbits, which we also validate,
leaving a large cavity of transiting worlds around the habitable-zone. With two
transits and continuous photometric coverage, we are able to uniquely and
precisely measure the orbital period of this post snow-line planet
( d), paving the way for follow-up of this mag
target.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures. Accepted to ApJ. Posteriors available at
https://github.com/CoolWorlds/Kepler-167-Posterior
Discovery of a Transiting Planet Near the Snow-Line
In most theories of planet formation, the snow-line represents a boundary
between the emergence of the interior rocky planets and the exterior ice
giants. The wide separation of the snow-line makes the discovery of transiting
worlds challenging, yet transits would allow for detailed subsequent
characterization. We present the discovery of Kepler-421b, a Uranus-sized
exoplanet transiting a G9/K0 dwarf once every 704.2 days in a near-circular
orbit. Using public Kepler photometry, we demonstrate that the two observed
transits can be uniquely attributed to the 704.2 day period. Detailed light
curve analysis with BLENDER validates the planetary nature of Kepler-421b to >4
sigmas confidence. Kepler-421b receives the same insolation as a body at ~2AU
in the Solar System and for a Uranian albedo would have an effective
temperature of ~180K. Using a time-dependent model for the protoplanetary disk,
we estimate that Kepler-421b's present semi-major axis was beyond the snow-line
after ~3Myr, indicating that Kepler-421b may have formed at its observed
location.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables. Accepted in Ap
Geometrical constraints on the origin of timing signals from black holes
We present a systematic study of the orbital inclination effects on black hole transients fast time-variability properties. We have considered all the black hole binaries that have been densely monitored by the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer satellite. We find that the amplitude of low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) depends on the orbital inclination. type-C QPOs are stronger for nearly edge-on systems (high inclination), while type-B QPOs are stronger when the accretion disc is closer to face-on (low inclination). Our results also suggest that the noise associated with type-CQPOs is consistent with being stronger for low-inclination sources, while the noise associated with type-B QPOs seems inclination independent. These results are consistent with a geometric origin of the type-C QPOs - for instance arising from relativistic precession of the inner flow within a truncated disc - while the noise would correspond to intrinsic brightness variability from mass accretion rate fluctuations in the accretion flow. The opposite behaviour of type-B QPOs - stronger in low-inclinations sources supports the hypothesis that type-B QPOs are related to the jet, the power of which is the most obvious measurable parameter expected to be stronger in nearly face-on sources
Physical fitness is associated with neural activity during working memory performance in major depressive disorder
Background:
Deficits in cognition like working memory (WM) are highly prevalent symptoms related to major depressive disorder (MDD). Neuroimaging studies have described frontoparietal abnormalities in patients with MDD as a basis for these deficits. Based on research in healthy adults, it is hypothesized that increased physical fitness might be a protective factor for these deficits in MDD. However, the relationship between physical fitness and WM-related neural activity and performance has not been tested in MDD, to date. Understanding these associations could inform the development of physical exercise interventions in MDD.
Methods:
Within a larger project, 111 (53female) MDD outpatients and 56 (34female) healthy controls performed an n-back task (0-, 1-, 2-, 3-back) during functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Physical fitness from a graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer was performed by 106 MDD patients.
Results:
Patients showed reduced performance particularly at high loads of the n-back WM task and prolonged reaction times at all n-back loads. A whole-brain interaction analysis of group by WM load revealed reduced neural activity in six frontoparietal clusters at medium and high WM loads in MDD patients compared to healthy controls. Analysis of covariance within the MDD sample showed that physical fitness was associated with neural activity in right and left superior parietal lobules. Externally defined Regions of Interest confirmed this analysis.
Conclusions:
Results indicate frontoparietal hypoactivity in MDD at high demands, arguing for decreased WM capacity. We demonstrate a parietal fitness correlate which could be used to guide future research on effects of exercise on cognitive functioning in MDD
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