Optimal Ecodriving Control: Energy-Efficient Driving of Road Vehicles as an Optimal Control Problem

International audienceTransportation is responsible for a substantial fraction of worldwide energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions and is the largest sector after energy production. However, while emissions from other sectors are generally decreasing, those from transportation have increased since 1990. Reducing the impact of transportation is a task that is inherently associated with the improvement of energy efficiency, particularly for passenger cars that contribute to almost half of the whole sector

Valoración de alumnado y profesorado de educación física tras la aplicación de dos modelos de enseñanza. (Students and teachers’ perception after practice with two pedagogical models in physical education).

<p align="justify">Existe suficiente cantidad de estudios comparativos sobre modelos de enseñanza en educación física que utilizan diseños pre o cuasi experimentales. Sin embargo, no son tantos los que emplean algunas tipologías propias de estos diseños. Se pretende por ello comparar, desde la perspectiva de alumnos y de su profesor especialista, el modelo de Educación Deportiva con el modelo Tradicional. Para ello se utilizó un diseño cruzado simple de grupos aleatorios, en el que se aplicaron los dos niveles de la variable independiente (modelos de enseñanza) a las dos clases de quinto de Primaria participantes (n=33). Tras el análisis de los diarios, de las entrevistas y de los dibujos libres fundamentados, se identificó una “inercia metodológica” consecuencia del efecto acumulado de ambos modelos. Inercia que en una clase estimuló y en la otra dificultó el grado de implicación, tanto de alumnos como de su docente, en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje dado el orden de aplicación de los modelos objeto de estudio.</p>Abstract<p align="justify">There is enough quantity of comparative studies about pedagogical models in physical education, which use pre or quasi experimental designs. However, there are no so many of them which use some right typologies for these designs. The purpose of this paper was to compare the students and teachers’ perceptions after practice with different pedagogical models (Sport Education and Traditional Style). It was used a simple crossover with randomized groups design, in which it was applied the two levels of the independent variable to the two fifth grade classes under study (n=33). After analyzing the diaries, interviews and drawings, it was found a "methodological inertia" due to a cumulative effect between the two methodologies. This inertia improved in one class, and decreased in the other, the engagement of the students and their teacher in the instructional setting, due to the order of application of each model.</p

Burpee interval training is associated with a more favorable affective valence and psychological response than traditional high intensity exercise

Acute psychological responses to physical activity may help explain long-term adherence to it. Thus, we compared acute psychological responses to different exercise protocols with identical durations. Eighteen moderately active young adults [Mage = 23, SD = 3 years; MVO2max (maximum oxygen consumption) = 42.8, SD = 4.3 mL kg1 min1 ; MBMI (body mass index) = 24, SD = 2 kg m2 ] completed three low-volume exercise sessions in a crossover research design: (a) sprint interval training (SIT), (b) burpee interval training (BIT) requiring 10 × 5 second efforts with 35 seconds of passive recovery, and (c) a single bout of vigorous intensity continuous training (VICT) requiring 6 minutes and 5 seconds of running at ∼85% of peak heart rate (HRpeak). We assessed participants’ ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), affective valence, enjoyment, intention, preference, and self-reported recovery and wellness before, during, and after each session. BIT was associated with significantly greater enjoyment, preference, and exercise intention (at 5 × week) than VICT (p ≤ .05). SIT elicited greater RPE (M = 5.38, SD = 2.00) than both BIT (M = 2.88, SD = 1.23) and VICT (M = 3.55, SD = 1.38) (p ≤ .05), and we observed a higher increase in RPE over time with SIT versus BIT (p = .019). For affective valence, SIT (M = 0.55, SD = 2.12) elicited a more aversive response than both BIT (M = 2.55, SD = 1.09) and VICT (M = 1.94, SD = 1.51) (p ≤ .05), and there was a higher increase in this aversive response to SIT over time (p < .05). Forty-eight-hour postexercise session muscle soreness was significantly lower with VICT than with BIT (p = .03). Overall, BIT was associated with more positive psychological responses than SIT and VICT

Tratamiento asistido por artroscopia de las fracturas de radio distal

ResumenLa artroscopia proporciona una valoración directa de la superficie articular y permite detectar lesiones asociadas en las fracturas de la extremidad distal del radio. Su incorporación al tratamiento de estas fracturas ha supuesto un mejor control de la reducción de los trazos articulares, pero se trata de una técnica compleja que aún no está generalizada entre la mayoría de los cirujanos ortopédicos y/o de la mano y la muñeca.Se realiza una revisión y actualización de las ventajas, las indicaciones, las claves técnicas, los resultados y los datos científicos de su utilidad para el tratamiento de las fracturas del radio distal.AbstractArthroscopy provides a direct evaluation of the joint surface and enables associated injuries to be detected in fractures of the distal end of the radius. Although its incorporation into the treatment of these fractures has led to a better control in the reduction of joint traces, it is a complicated technique that is still not in general use by the majority of orthopaedic and/or hand and wrist surgeons.A review is presented here, as well as an update of the advantages, indications, the key techniques, results, and scientific data of its use in the treatment of distal radius fractures

Efeito de linhagem citoplasmática em características de produção de ovinos da raça Merino.

Objetivou-se avaliar a importancia dos efeitos de linhagem citoplasmatica sobre as caracteristicas peso corporal (PCORP), peso de velo sujo (PVS) e diametro da fibra da la (DIAM), respectivamente em 707 e 703 femeas e 350 machos da raca Merino com um ano de idade. Linhagens citoplasmaticas (LCT) foram definidas como as primeiras 41 femeas do pedigree registradas no Brasil, na decada de 30. Informacoes de pedigree incluiram 30640 animais e, em media, 10 geracoes. As avaliacoes foram feitas usando-se metolologia da Maxima Verossimillanca Restrita, sob modelo animal. Para cada caracteristica foram feitas analises com tres modelos (modelo com efeito direto; modelo com efeitos direto e de LCT; e modelo com efeitos direto, materno e de LCT). Os modelos matematicos foram comparados, sequencialmente, do mais simples para o mais complexo pelo teste da razao das verossimilhancas. Nao houve diferencas (P>0,05) entre os modelos onde se inclui e aqueles onde se omitiu o efeito de LCT, indicando nao serem importantes os efeitos citoplasmaticos para as caracteristicas estudadas. Para PCORP, os resultados indicaram haver confundimento parcial entre efeito genetico aditivo materno e feito de LCT. A importancia relativa dos componentes devido ao efeito genetico aditivo materno foi maior para a caracteristica PCORP (26,1;26,3 e 37,1%), seguido dos para PVS (19,5 para os tres modelos) e DA (16,3 para os tres modelos).Resumo expandid

Transporte rodoviário de bovinos de corte no Pantanal Sul-mato-grossense: ocorrência de lesões em carcaças.

Uma das etapas mais importantes no aproveitamento da carne no sistema de produção de gado de corte é o transporte até o abatedouro, sendo o transporte rodoviário o meio mais comum de condução de animais de corte para o abate (Tarrant et al., 1988). No Brasil, este transporte é realizado em "caminhões boiadeiros", tipo "truque" com a capacidade de carga média, de 20 animais (Joaquim, 2002). O transporte rodoviário realizado em condições desfavoráveis como aumento da temperatura, jejum, desidratação, cansaço pode provocar a morte dos animais ou conduzir a contusões, perda de peso e estresse dos animais (Knowles, 1999). No Pantanal Sul-Mato-Grossense a maioria dos bovinos é transportada por caminhões até os frigoríficos ou abatedouros. Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a influência do transporte rodoviário na ocorrência de lesões na carcaça de bovinos abatidos no Pantanal.bitstream/item/79512/1/COT36.pd

HAT-P-44b, HAT-P-45b, and HAT-P-46b: Three Transiting Hot Jupiters in Possible Multi-Planet Systems

We report the discovery by the HATNet survey of three new transiting extrasolar planets orbiting moderately bright (V=13.2, 12.8 and 11.9) stars. The planets have orbital periods of 4.3012, 3.1290, and 4.4631 days, masses of 0.39, 0.89, and 0.49 Mjup, and radii of 1.28, 1.43, and 1.28 Rjup. The stellar hosts have masses of 0.94, 1.26, and 1.28 Msun. Each system shows significant systematic variations in its residual radial velocities indicating the possible presence of additional components. Based on its Bayesian evidence, the preferred model for HAT-P-44 consists of two planets, including the transiting component, with the outer planet having a period of 220 d and a minimum mass of 1.6 Mjup. Due to aliasing we cannot rule out an alternative solution for the outer planet having a period of 438 d and a minimum mass of 3.7 Mjup. For HAT-P-45 at present there is not enough data to justify the additional free parameters included in a multi-planet model, in this case a single-planet solution is preferred, but the required jitter of 22.5 +- 6.3 m/s is relatively high for a star of this type. For HAT-P-46 the preferred solution includes a second planet having a period of 78 d and a minimum mass of 2.0 Mjup, however the preference for this model over a single-planet model is not very strong. While substantial uncertainties remain as to the presence and/or properties of the outer planetary companions in these systems, the inner transiting planets are well characterized with measured properties that are fairly robust against changes in the assumed models for the outer planets. Continued RV monitoring is necessary to fully characterize these three planetary systems, the properties of which may have important implications for understanding the formation of hot Jupiters.Comment: 21 pages, 10 figures, 14 tables, submitted to A

Tsunamis Generated by Submerged Landslides: Numerical Analysis of the Near-Field Wave Characteristics

ABSTRACT: The accurate modeling of the landslide?generated tsunami characteristics in the so-called near-field is crucial for many practical applications. In this paper, we present a new full-3-D numerical method for modeling tsunamis generated by rigid and impermeable landslides in OpenFOAM® based on the overset mesh technique. The approach has been successfully validated through the numerical reproduction of past experiments for landslide?generated tsunamis triggered by a rigid and impermeable wedge at a sloping coast. The method has been applied to perform a detailed numerical study of the near-field wave features induced by submerged landslides. A parametric analysis has been carried out to explore the importance of the landslide's initial acceleration, directly related to the landslide-triggering mechanisms, on the tsunami generation process and on the related wave properties. Near-field analysis of the numerical results confirms that the influence of the initial acceleration on the tsunami wave properties is significant, affecting wave height, wave period, and wave celerity. Furthermore, it is found that the tsunami generation mechanism experiences a saturation effect for increasing landslide's initial acceleration, confirming and extending previous studies. Moreover, the resulting extended database, composed of previous experimental data and new numerical ones, spanning a wider range of governing parameters, has been represented in the form of a “nondimensional wavemaker curve,” and a new relationship for predicting the wave properties in the near-field as a function of the Hammack number is proposed

Efectos de una unidad didáctica de mimo basada en el modelo de Educación Deportiva sobre la interculturalidad

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a Sport Education unit on elementary school students’ intercultural competence. The program involved the participation of 28 fifth-grade students (M = 10.75; DT = .75) from a state school in Region of Murcia, Spain.A quasi-experimental design, pretest and posttest (of quantitative and qualitative nature) measures, was used. The data included students’ questionnaires and interviews, andteachers’ interviews and diary notes. Results indicated that students improved on positive emotional responses, as well as providing help and having better relations with their peers from different cultures/countries. The incidence of methodological elements, communication and the social climate of the classroom on the development of intercultural competence is also discussed. Lines of future research are suggested in order to improve the model for the development of intercultural competence.El propósito de este estudio fue conocer el impacto generado por una unidad didáctica de mimo basada en el Modelo de Educación Deportiva (MED) sobre la competencia intercultural del alumnado de primaria. Participaron 28 estudiantes (M = 10.75; DT = .75) de quinto curso de educación primaria pertenecientes a un colegio ubicado en la Región de Murcia (España). Se desarrolló un diseño cuasiexperimental con medidas pretest y postest, de naturaleza cuantitativa y cualitativa. La información fue recabada mediante cuestionarios y entrevistas al alumnado, así como diarios y entrevistas a los docentes. Los resultados mostraron mejoras en la respuesta emocional positiva, así como en la ayuda, y las relaciones entre iguales de distintas culturas y países. Se discute también la incidencia de los elementos metodológicos, la comunicación y el clima social del aula sobre el desarrollo de la competencia intercultural. Se sugieren líneas de investigación futura al objeto de perfeccionar el modelo para el desarrollo de la competencia intercultural.