Amendments with organic and industrial wastes stimulate soil formation in mine tailings as revealed by micromorphology

Mine tailings are inhospitable to plants and soil organisms, because of low pH and poor soil organic matter contents. Vegetation establishment requires a soil system capable of supporting the nutrient and water requirements of plants and associated organisms. The objective of this study was to understand the influence of added organic and industrial wastes to the formation of soils in degraded landscapes left behind by past mining activities. Specifically, we stimulated the build up of soil organic matter (SOM) and the accumulation of calcite in mine tailing deposits. We amended field experimental plots with pig manure (PM), sewage sludge (SS) in combination with blanket application of marble wastes (MW). Soil samples were collected for physical and chemical analyses, two years after the addition of industrial wastes. Three years after amendments, we took undisturbed samples for micromorphological analysis. Soil pH increased from 2.7 to 7.4 due to dissolution of calcite from MW amendment. The acidity in tailings and low rainfall in the study area precipitated the secondary calcite as infillings within the 0-4 cm layer. Total organic carbon (TOC) increased from 0.86 to 2.5 g TOC kg − 1 soil after 24 months since the application of amendments. The build up of SOM resulted to stable SOM-calcite complex as dense incomplete infillings mixed with secondary calcite, and cappings on calcite particles from MW addition. These SOM cappings provide water and nutrient to support initial seedling establishment in mine tailings. We attribute the granular structure of amended materials to soil organisms (e.g., earthworm activity) involved in the decomposition of plant materials. We suggest that any organic matter amendments to acidic mine tailing deposits must be combined with calcium carbonate-rich materials to accelerate the build up of SOM to accelerate the establishment of functional ecosystem characterized by, among others, the presence of healthy soils with granular microstructure

Pig Manure Application for Remediation of Mine Soils in Murcia Province, SE Spain

In southern Spain, specifically in Murcia Province, an increased pig population causes large amounts of slurry production that creates a very serious environmental concern. Our aim was to use this waste to reduce the acid mine drainage process, heavy metal mobilization, and to improve soil conditions to enhance plant establishment in mine soils. Pig manure, sewage sludge, and lime were used as soil amendments in a field experiment and in undisturbed soil column. Field experiments showed an increase in pH, total nitrogen, organic carbon, and carbonate contents; a reduction of diethylene-tetramine pentaacetic acid (DTPA)– and water-extractable metals; and an improvement of plant establishment. The field studies showed that pig manure could be utilized to remediate polluted soils. Column studies in the laboratory showed that amendment of mine soil with pig manure initially increased soil pH from 2.21 to 6.34, promoted reduced conditions in the surface soil, and decreased the metal mobility. After 21 weeks, while the leachate was slightly acidic, however, the mobility of metals was substantially low. Additions of 7 and 14% of pig manure were insufficient to maintain a neutral pH in the leachate. Therefore, continuous application of the pig manure may be advised

Interferencia del Herpesvirus equino 1 (EHV-1) en la apoptosis inducida

La apoptosis es un tipo de muerte celular programada que puede ser desencadenada por múltiples factores, tanto internos como externos; dentro de estos últimos se encuentran las infecciones virales. Algunos alphaherpesvirus han desarrollado diversas estrategias para retardar o inhibir la muerte celular obteniendo, de esta manera, su propio beneficio al poder permanecer durante más tiempo en la célula. Hasta el momento no se ha identificado ningún mecanismo relacionado con la modulación de la muerte celular durante la infección con Herpesvirus equino tipo 1 (EHV-1). El objetivo del presente trabajo fue describir el efecto producido por la infección con EHV-1 sobre cultivos celulares inducidos a la muerte por apoptosis. La evaluación de la apoptosis se realizó mediante el reconocimiento de la fragmentación en escalera del ADN, la evaluación de la relación Anexina V/ioduro de propidio (IP) y la determinación del clivaje de la citoqueratina 18, utilizando técnicas de inmunofluorescencia. Los resultados indican una posible interferencia del EHV-1 con la muerte por apoptosis hacia la mitad de su ciclo de replicación, que se incrementa hacia el final del mismo.Apoptosis is a programmed cell death that can be triggered by many factors, both internal and external. Viral infections are included among the latter. Some alphaherpesvirus have developed several strategies to retard or inhibit cell death and thus the virus benefits itself by staying longer in the cell. So far, no mechanisms have been identified related to modulation of cell death during infection with equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1). The aim of the present study was to describe the effect produced by the infection with EHV-1 on apoptosis-induced cell cultures. Assessment of apoptosis was performed by DNA laddering, the Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) determination and the cytokeratin 18 cleavage analysis using immunofluorescence techniques. Results indicate a possible interference of EHV-1 with apoptotic cell death in the middle of its replication cycle, being increased by its end

Calbindin D28k Expression and the Absence of Apoptosis in the Cerebellum of Solatium bonariense L-lntoxicated Bovines

Solanum bonariense intoxication is characterized by cerebellar neuronal vacuolation, degeneration, and necrosis. Cerebellar Purkinje cells seem especially susceptible, but more research is needed to determine the pathogenesis of neuronal necrosis and the mechanism of Purkinje cell susceptibility. Calbindin D28k (CbD28k) is highly expressed in Purkinje cells and has been used as a marker for normal and degenerative Purkinje cells. The goal of this study was to describe S bonariense-induced disease by ascertaining Purkinje cell-specific degenerative changes using CbD28k expression and to correlate this with apoptosis in Purkinje cells, as determined using TUNEL (transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling) and ultrastructural changes. In all cases, an increase in both dose and duration of S bonariense intoxication resulted in a decrease in the number of Purkinje cells. CbD28k immunohistochemistry was an excellent marker for Purkinje cells because immunoreactivity did not change in normal or degenerative tissues. This finding suggests that excessive calcium excitatory stimulation does not induce rapid neuronal degeneration and death. As found in previous studies, TUNEL tests and electron microscopy suggest that Purkinje cell degeneration and death are not occurring via an apoptotic process. These findings suggest that S bonariense poisoning induces progressive Purkinje cell death that is not mediated by excitotoxicity or apoptotic activation.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Calbindin D28k Expression and the Absence of Apoptosis in the Cerebellum of Solatium bonariense L-lntoxicated Bovines

Solanum bonariense intoxication is characterized by cerebellar neuronal vacuolation, degeneration, and necrosis. Cerebellar Purkinje cells seem especially susceptible, but more research is needed to determine the pathogenesis of neuronal necrosis and the mechanism of Purkinje cell susceptibility. Calbindin D28k (CbD28k) is highly expressed in Purkinje cells and has been used as a marker for normal and degenerative Purkinje cells. The goal of this study was to describe S bonariense-induced disease by ascertaining Purkinje cell-specific degenerative changes using CbD28k expression and to correlate this with apoptosis in Purkinje cells, as determined using TUNEL (transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling) and ultrastructural changes. In all cases, an increase in both dose and duration of S bonariense intoxication resulted in a decrease in the number of Purkinje cells. CbD28k immunohistochemistry was an excellent marker for Purkinje cells because immunoreactivity did not change in normal or degenerative tissues. This finding suggests that excessive calcium excitatory stimulation does not induce rapid neuronal degeneration and death. As found in previous studies, TUNEL tests and electron microscopy suggest that Purkinje cell degeneration and death are not occurring via an apoptotic process. These findings suggest that S bonariense poisoning induces progressive Purkinje cell death that is not mediated by excitotoxicity or apoptotic activation.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Calbindin d 28k expression in the cerebellum of normal and solanum bonariense L. Intoxicated bovines

La ingestión natural o experimental de Solanum bonariense L. ocasiona una degeneración cortical cerebelosa en bovinos. Esta lesión se debe a la degeneración específica de las células de Purkinje, postulándose que la misma se debe a alteraciones metabólicas específicas, demostradas previamente por estudios ultraestructurales e inmunohistoquímicos. La Calbindina-28kD (Cb28k) ha sido considerada como un marcador específico de células de Purkinje. La alteración de esta inmunoreacción se vincula al desarrollo de diferentes enfermedades neurodegenerativas en humanos. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar la expresión de Cb28k en cerebelos de bovinos normales y en los intoxicados con Solanum bonariense L.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Calbindin D28k Expression and the Absence of Apoptosis in the Cerebellum of Solatium bonariense L-lntoxicated Bovines

Solanum bonariense intoxication is characterized by cerebellar neuronal vacuolation, degeneration, and necrosis. Cerebellar Purkinje cells seem especially susceptible, but more research is needed to determine the pathogenesis of neuronal necrosis and the mechanism of Purkinje cell susceptibility. Calbindin D28k (CbD28k) is highly expressed in Purkinje cells and has been used as a marker for normal and degenerative Purkinje cells. The goal of this study was to describe S bonariense-induced disease by ascertaining Purkinje cell-specific degenerative changes using CbD28k expression and to correlate this with apoptosis in Purkinje cells, as determined using TUNEL (transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling) and ultrastructural changes. In all cases, an increase in both dose and duration of S bonariense intoxication resulted in a decrease in the number of Purkinje cells. CbD28k immunohistochemistry was an excellent marker for Purkinje cells because immunoreactivity did not change in normal or degenerative tissues. This finding suggests that excessive calcium excitatory stimulation does not induce rapid neuronal degeneration and death. As found in previous studies, TUNEL tests and electron microscopy suggest that Purkinje cell degeneration and death are not occurring via an apoptotic process. These findings suggest that S bonariense poisoning induces progressive Purkinje cell death that is not mediated by excitotoxicity or apoptotic activation.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Gestão da água na suinocultura.

O objetivo dessa 2ª edição é atualizar os dados e tabelas de consumo de água e produção de dejetos, conforme consta na nova Instrução Normativa (IN-11) do Instituto do Meio Ambiente de Santa Catarina (IMA).2. ed

Modelos experimentales para el estudio de la patogenia de la muerte embrionaria en tricomonosis bovina y herpesvirosis equina

Desde hace mucho tiempo, por razones prácticas, científicas y éticas, se han desarrollado modelos experimentales con animales de laboratorio para su aplicación en investigaciones biomédicas. Los modelos animales se definen como “organismos vivientes con una inherente adquisición natural a procesos patológicos inducidos o espontáneos que, de una u otra manera, semejan el mismo fenómeno ocurrido en el hospedador natural” (Márquez, 1997). Los animales de laboratorio son modelos muy convenientes y herramientas útiles para utilizar en el estudio de muchas enfermedades infecciosas. En el caso de medicina veterinaria, en especial cuando se trata de enfermedades de grandes animales, el uso del hospedador natural para estudiar aspectos patogénicos e inmunológicos de una infección, muchas veces se torna dificultoso, tanto por las inconveniencias que genera el manejo de estos animales como por el costo que implica. Debido al interés y la complejidad en el estudio de las enfermedades infecciosas, hay una búsqueda en la profundización de los conocimientos del proceso intrínseco de la inmunopatogenia que requiere de la creación de modelos animales alternativos a los hospedadores naturales. El objetivo es generar diseños experimentales confiables y reproducibles, desarrollables en medios controlados en espacios reducidos y con menor costo. Entre las múltiples ventajas que derivan de la utilización de modelos experimentales en el estudio de diferentes enfermedades, se mencionan las siguientes como las más importantes: • Conocer la historia natural de la enfermedad, cuya etiología, patogenia, sintomatología y evolución pueden mantenerse en condiciones experimentales, sin la influencia de factores extraños que la modifiquen. • Reproducir la enfermedad en forma experimental, casi a voluntad, lo que permite disponer de la casuística necesaria. • Realizar estudios fisiopatológicos, desarrollando nuevas técnicas diagnósticas para tal enfermedad. • Estudiar las enfermedades en animales endocriados lo que permite un amplio campo de investigación en inmunología, patología y genética, entre otras áreas (Cuba Caparó, 1982). En la selección de la especie utilizada como modelo animal es importante tener en cuenta algunas características generales: a) que permita la transferencia de la información, b) bajo costo y disponibilidad permanentes, c) generalización de los resultados, d) facilidad y adaptabilidad a la manipulación experimental, e) que se pueda contar con un número de animales necesarios para realizar el experimento, f) tiempo de vida, edad en que se alcanza la adultez y generación del número de progenies necesarias en poco tiempo, g) consecuencias ecológicas e implicancias éticas de su uso (Klein, 2000).Incluye las palabras de presentación del proyecto a cargo del Dr. Carlos O. Scoppa.Academia Nacional de Agronomía y Veterinari