Datafication of Care: Security and Privacy Issues with Health Technology for People with Diabetes

Through the conceptual framework of datafication, dataism and dataveillance, this study investigates beliefs and attitudes regarding datafication and the related privacy and security concerns among individuals with Type 1 diabetes. Qualitative research was conducted through interviews among fifty-two individuals with Type 1 diabetes in Poland and Italy. The findings reveal a dynamic interplay between self-discipline and empowerment. The majority of interviewees emphasized the benefits of technologies for gaining a better understanding of their health condition and for more effective disease management. However, a minority of interviewees perceived the negative effects of datafication, including dataveillance, which leads to hyper-control of the disease, and dataism, characterized by excessive reliance on and dependency on technology. Critical beliefs about technologies fuelled rejection attitudes, leading some interviewees to suspend or abandon their use. Lastly, reflexivity on privacy and security issues appears to be low, particularly among older individuals with lower levels of education and socioeconomic status. This results in a poor understanding and underestimation of the potential risks associated with security and privacy. The findings increase the understanding of the factors that can facilitate or hinder the adoption of technology among people with diabetes

Male cytogenetic evaluation prior to assisted reproduction procedures performed in Mar del Plata, Argentina

Objective: This paper aimed to estimate the frequency ofoccurrence and the types of chromosomal abnormalitiesfound in 141 infertile men with abnormal semen parameters.Methods: the frequency and type of chromosomal abnormalitieswere determined with male mitotic karyotypeanalysis from peripheral blood through chromosome bandingtechniques before assisted reproduction procedures.Results: In this series of 141 infertile men, 19 (13%) hadchromosomal anomalies and 35 (25%) had polymorphicvariants. The main chromosome abnormalities were reciprocaltranslocations and marker chromosomes in mosaic.Conclusions: These results stress the relevance of cytogeneticstudies for infertile males as a diagnostic tool anda valuable input in genetic counseling.Fil: Poli, María Noelia. Asociacion de Genetica Humana; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lopez Miranda, Lucía A.. Asociacion de Genetica Humana; ArgentinaFil: Gil, Eduardo Daniel. Asociacion de Genetica Humana; ArgentinaFil: Zanier, Germán Justo. Asociacion de Genetica Humana; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez Iriarte, Pedro Jose. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología. Laboratorio de Genética; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Zanier, Justo Hector Mario. Asociacion de Genetica Humana; ArgentinaFil: Coco, Roberto. Fecunditas Instituto de Medicina Reproductiva; Argentin

JANUS: an FPGA-based System for High Performance Scientific Computing

This paper describes JANUS, a modular massively parallel and reconfigurable FPGA-based computing system. Each JANUS module has a computational core and a host. The computational core is a 4x4 array of FPGA-based processing elements with nearest-neighbor data links. Processors are also directly connected to an I/O node attached to the JANUS host, a conventional PC. JANUS is tailored for, but not limited to, the requirements of a class of hard scientific applications characterized by regular code structure, unconventional data manipulation instructions and not too large data-base size. We discuss the architecture of this configurable machine, and focus on its use on Monte Carlo simulations of statistical mechanics. On this class of application JANUS achieves impressive performances: in some cases one JANUS processing element outperfoms high-end PCs by a factor ~ 1000. We also discuss the role of JANUS on other classes of scientific applications.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures. Improved version, largely rewritten, submitted to Computing in Science & Engineerin

Intracranial pressure after subarachnoid hemorrhage

Objectives: To describe mean intracranial pressure after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, to identify clinical factors associated with increased mean intracranial pressure, and to explore the relationship between mean intracranial pressure and outcome. Design: Analysis of a prospectively collected observational database. Setting: Neuroscience ICU of an academic hospital. Patients: One hundred sixteen patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage and intracranial pressure monitoring. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Episodes of intracranial pressure greater than 20 mm Hg lasting at least 5 minutes and the mean intracranial pressure for every 12-hour interval were analyzed. The highest mean intracranial pressure was analyzed in relation to demographic characteristics, acute neurologic status, initial radiological findings, aneurysm treatment, clinical vasospasm, and ischemic lesion. Mortality and 6-month outcome (evaluated using a dichotomized Glasgow Outcome Scale) were also introduced in multivariable logistic models. Eighty-one percent of patients had at least one episode of high intracranial pressure and 36% had a highest mean intracranial pressure more than 20 mm Hg. The number of patients with high intracranial pressure peaked 3 days after subarachnoid hemorrhage and declined after day 7. Highest mean intracranial pressure greater than 20 mm Hg was significantly associated with initial neurologic status, aneurysmal rebleeding, amount of blood on CT scan, and ischemic lesion within 72 hours from subarachnoid hemorrhage. Patients with highest mean intracranial pressure greater than 20 mm Hg had significantly higher mortality. When death, vegetative state, and severe disability at 6 months were pooled, however, intracranial pressure was not an independent predictor of unfavorable outcome. Conclusions: High intracranial pressure is a common complication in the first week after subarachnoid hemorrhage in severe cases admitted to ICU. Mean intracranial pressure is associated with the severity of early brain injury and with mortality

The immunological response to traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability in young adults in the developed world. The accuracy of early outcome-prediction remains poor even when all known prognostic factors are considered, suggesting important currently unidentified variables. In addition, whilst survival and neurological outcomes have improved markedly with the utilisation of therapies that optimise physiology, no treatments specifically modulate the underlying pathophysiology. The immunological response to TBI represents both a potential contributor to outcome heterogeneity and a therapeutically tractable component of the acute disease process. Furthermore, chronic inflammation has been linked with neurodegeneration, and may mark a bridge between acute brain injury and the subsequent neurodegenerative process seen in a proportion of patients following TBI. Given the complexity of the immune response and its varying functions ranging from repair of injury to bystander damage of healthy tissue, attempts at immunomodulatory intervention must necessarily be highly targeted towards the maladaptive facets of the inflammatory process. In this review we aim to provide an integrated description of the immunological processes triggered by TBI in both humans and animal models, in particular considering the interplay between the innate immune system, danger-associated molecular patterns and loss of self-tolerance leading to adaptive autoimmunity

Acquired Haemophilia A. Which is the best therapeutic choice in older adults? Single center study of 4 cases

Acquired haemophilia A (AHA) is a rare bleeding disorder due to autoantibodies directed against coagulation factor VIII. The treatment is based on recombinant activated factor VII and activated prothrombin complex concentrate. However, mainly in older patients, severe thrombotic complications have been reported. Here we report the different therapeutic approaches in 4 cases of elderly patients with AHA and co-morbidities

Label-free monitoring of tissue biochemistry following traumatic brain injury using Raman spectroscopy.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) constitutes a major cause of death and long-term disability. At present, we lack methods to non-invasively track tissue biochemistry and hence select appropriate interventions for patients. We hypothesized that detailed label-free vibrational chemical analysis of focal TBI could provide such information. We assessed the early spatial and temporal changes in tissue biochemistry that are associated with brain injury in mice. Numerous differences were observed in the spectra of the contusion core and pericontusional tissue between 2 and 7 days. For example, a strong signal from haem was seen in the contusion core at 2 days due to haemorrhage, which subsequently resolved. More importantly, elevated cholesterol levels were demonstrated by 7 days, which may be a marker of important cell repair processes. Principal component analysis revealed an early 'acute' component dominated by haemorrhage and a delayed component reflecting changes in protein and lipid composition. Notably we demonstrated changes in Raman signature with time even in the contralateral hemisphere when compared to sham control mice. Raman spectroscopy therefore shows promise as a probe that is sensitive to important pathobiological processes in TBI and could be applied in future both in the experimental setting, as well as in the clinic

Efficacy of acute administration of inhaled argon on traumatic brain injury in mice

BACKGROUND: Whilst there has been progress in supportive treatment for traumatic brain injury (TBI), specific neuroprotective interventions are lacking. Models of ischaemic heart and brain injury show the therapeutic potential of argon gas, but it is still not known whether inhaled argon (iAr) is protective in TBI. We tested the effects of acute administration of iAr on brain oedema, tissue micro-environmental changes, neurological functions, and structural outcome in a mouse model of TBI. METHODS: Anaesthetised adult C57BL/6J mice were subjected to severe TBI by controlled cortical impact. Ten minutes after TBI, the mice were randomised to 24 h treatments with iAr 70%/O2 30% or air (iCtr). Sensorimotor deficits were evaluated up to 6 weeks post-TBI by three independent tests. Cognitive function was evaluated by Barnes maze test at 4 weeks. MRI was done to examine brain oedema at 3 days and white matter damage at 5 weeks. Microglia/macrophages activation and functional commitment were evaluated at 1 week after TBI by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: iAr significantly accelerated sensorimotor recovery and improved cognitive deficits 1 month after TBI, with less white matter damage in the ipsilateral fimbria and body of the corpus callosum. Early changes underpinning protection included a reduction of pericontusional vasogenic oedema and of the inflammatory response. iAr significantly reduced microglial activation with increases in ramified cells and the M2-like marker YM1. CONCLUSIONS: iAr accelerates recovery of sensorimotor function and improves cognitive and structural outcome 1 month after severe TBI in adult mice. Early effects include a reduction of brain oedema and neuroinflammation in the contused tissue

Diagnóstico e alternativas para a recuperação ambiental da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Guandu (BHRG) - RJ.

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