Data from: Cenozoic latitudinal response curves: individualistic changes in the latitudinal distributions of marine bivalves and gastropods

We use a Gaussian logistic regression model to characterize epoch-to-epoch and stage-tostage changes in the latitudinal response curves of Cenozoic marine bivalve and gastropod genera along the global latitudinal gradient, and analyze these changes to understand the mode and tempo of changes in latitudinal distribution. A ubiquitous ‘‘hollow curve’’ pattern is apparent, wherein smaller changes in response-curve parameters are much more common than larger changes. Curves are strikingly consistent in terms of the average level of change exhibited, despite the many unique environmental and biological changes documented between each of these intervals. This implies that the pace and magnitude of changes in the latitudinal distribution of marine mollusks are not controlled, in aggregate, by time-period-specific conditions. Additionally, we find no evidence for long-term migration from tropical to extratropical latitudes. Our results instead favor a model of either equatorward migration or no general trend. This likely reflects the tendency of genera to maintain their highest concentrations in the tropics even if their ranges become extended out of the tropics over time

Oligocene Data (Raw)

The Oligocene data from the Paleobiology Database (www.paleobiodb.org), downloaded 10-09-2013. Please note that this is raw data, un-culled. See the manuscript for a discussion of the culled elements

Pleistocene Data (Raw)

The Pleistocene data from the Paleobiology Database (www.paleobiodb.org), downloaded 10-09-2013. Please note that this is raw data, un-culled. See the manuscript for a discussion of the culled elements

The AZGS GeoMapMaker toolbar: An ArcGIS Pro toolbar for efficiently developing GeMS-compliant geologic maps

This report documents the design, purpose, and application of the GeoMapMaker toolbar for use in the digitization of geologic maps using the U.S. Geological Survey’s Geologic Map Schema (GeMS) and ESRI ArcGIS Pro software (U.S. Geological Survey National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program, 2020). This report details the design specification for this new mapping toolbar for ESRI ArcPro (v2.9.x), whose primary purpose is to seamlessly (and discretely) integrate compliance with the 2020 USGS Geologic Map Schema into the map digitization process. The Arizona Geological Survey (AZGS) has produced more than 150 geologic maps in digital format since 2000 as part of the STATEMAP program within the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Cooperative Geological Mapping Program. These maps have been produced the successive versions of ESRI ArcGIS software, alongside an evolving set of database designs (Richard and Thieme, 1997; Richard and Orr, 2001). This report mirrors the instructions for the AZGS GeoMapMaker toolbar from its GitHub repository as of November 2022. The toolbar and its latest documentation will always be freely and publicly accessible at https://github.com/azgs/geomapmaker.Geological Survey National Cooperative Geological Mapping Program under STATEMAP award G21AC10848, 2021.Documents in the AZGS Documents Repository collection are made available by the Arizona Geological Survey (AZGS) and the University Libraries at the University of Arizona. For more information about items in this collection, please contact [email protected]

Paleocene Data (Raw)

The Paleocene data from the Paleobiology Database (www.paleobiodb.org), downloaded 10-09-2013. Please note that this is raw data, un-culled. See the manuscript for a discussion of the culled elements

Eocene Data (Raw)

The Eocene data from the Paleobiology Database (www.paleobiodb.org), downloaded 10-09-2013. Please note that this is raw data, un-culled. See the manuscript for a discussion of the culled elements

Dead clades walking are a pervasive macroevolutionary pattern

D. Jablonski [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99, 8139-8144 (2002)] coined the term "dead clades walking" (DCWs) to describe marine fossil orders that experience significant drops in genus richness during mass extinction events and never rediversify to previous levels. This phenomenon is generally interpreted as further evidence that the macroevolutionary consequences of mass extinctions can continue well past the formal boundary. It is unclear, however, exactly how long DCWs are expected to persist after extinction events and to what degree they impact broader trends in Phanerozoic biodiversity. Here we analyze the fossil occurrences of 134 skeletonized marine invertebrate orders in the Paleobiology Database (paleobiodb.org) using a Bayesian method to identify significant change points in genus richness. Our analysis identifies 70 orders that experience major diversity losses without recovery. Most of these taxa, however, do not fit the popular conception of DCWs as clades that narrowly survive a mass extinction event and linger for only a few stages before succumbing to extinction. The median postdrop duration of these DCW orders is long (>30 Myr), suggesting that previous studies may have underestimated the long-term taxonomic impact of mass extinction events. More importantly, many drops in diversity without recovery are not associated with mass extinction events and occur during background extinction stages. The prevalence of DCW orders throughout both mass and background extinction intervals and across phyla (>50% of all marine invertebrate orders) suggests that the DCW pattern is a major component of macroevolutionary turnover

Miocene Data (Raw)

The Pleistocene data from the Paleobiology Database (www.paleobiodb.org), downloaded 10-09-2013. Please note that this is raw data, un-culled. See the manuscript for a discussion of the culled elements

SUPPLEMENTARY FIGURES

The supplementary figures. For further details see the manuscript