Influence of lactation stages and rain periods on subclinical mastitis in meat producing ewes.

Mastitis negatively influences the survival and weight gain of ovines for meat production. The purpose of this study was to investigate, in sheep for meat production, the occurrence of subclinical mastitis in ewes at the end of lactation and beginning of the consecutive lactation and to assess the composition and cellular characteristics of milk as a function of different rainfall indices. Mammary halves (821) of Santa Ines (479) and Morada Nova (342) ewes were examined. Milk samples were collected in two different moments of lactation: at weaning and postpartum of the consecutive lactation. Sample collection periods were called ?dry? or ?rainy? according to the rainfall index in the month immediately before the month of collection. The occurrence of subclinical mastitis at weaning in the Santa Ines and Morada Nova ewes were 16.4 and 12.6% in the dry period, and 17.7 and 23.5% in the rainy period, respectively. In the consecutive lactation period, the occurrences were 26.7 and 27.7% in the dry period and 41.8 and 39.1% in the rainy period, for the Santa Ines and Morada Nova ewes, respectively. Postpartum stage was critical for the occurrence of subclinical mastitis, as compared to that at the end of the previous lactation. Occurrence of the disease negatively influenced the SCC in the milk at the beginning of lactation and changed its composition, mainly in the rainiest periods, probably due to a difficulty in maintaining hygiene in the environment where the animals remained

Aproveitamento do efluente de curtumeira na produção de mudas de Eucalyptus urograndis.

O beneficiamento do couro bovino gera resíduos que podem ser reutilizados em alguns manejos agrícolas como nas correções de solo e na adubação, ao invés de serem descartados em aterros sanitários, viabilizando uma destinação ambientalmente adequada. Entretanto, na sua composição podem apresentar elementos químicos que, em elevada concentração pode inviabilizar o seu reuso. O trabalho visa a avaliar os efeitos provocados pela salinidade presente no efluente de curtumeira, por meio da aplicação do resíduo no desenvolvimento de mudas de Eucalyptus urograndis clone I144. As mudas com 30 dias foram transplantadas para vasos contendo 5 kg de mistura (efluente de curtumeira (LC) + solo) nas respectivas composições: D1 (100% de solo); D2 (0,1% LC + 99,99% solo); D3 (1% LC + 99% solo); D4 (5% LC + 95% solo); D5 (10% solo + 90% solo); e D6 (25% LC + 75% solo). O experimento foi distribuído em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições, totalizando 30 unidades experimentais. Foram avaliados o comprimento de raiz e parte aérea das plantas, diâmetro do coleto e número de folhas. A dose D5 inibiu o desenvolvimento das mudas, reduzindo o crescimento e apresentando sintomas de fitotoxidade e a dose D6 ocasionou a morte das mudas. O efluente de curtumeira incorporado na dose D4 promoveu aumento no crescimento de raiz e parte aérea, diâmetro de coleto e número de folhas das mudas de eucalipto, sendo recomendada como biofertilizante no plantio de mudas de eucalipto

Endurance performance is influenced by perceptions of pain and temperature: Theory, applications and safety considerations.

Models of endurance performance now recognise input from the brain, including an athlete’s ability to cope with various non-pleasurable perceptions during exercise, such as pain and temperature. Exercise training can reduce perceptions of both pain and temperature over time, partly explaining why athletes generally have a higher pain tolerance, despite a similar pain threshold, compared with active controls. Several strategies with varying efficacy may ameliorate the perceptions of pain (e.g. acetaminophen, transcranial direct current stimulation and transcutaneous electrical stimulation) and temperature (e.g. menthol beverages, topical menthol products and other cooling strategies, especially those targeting the head) during exercise to improve athletic performance. This review describes both the theory and practical applications of these interventions in the endurance sport setting, as well as the potentially harmful health consequences of their use

Perceived importance of public health risks in Greece: A nationwide survey of the adult population

The current study is the first to examine the perceptions of the Greek public towards selected health risks and prioritize perceived risk importance and the needs to be addressed for public health promotion. Participants were asked to consider the individual importance of selected risks and the top three most important risks. Data collection took place on February 2020 in a representative sample of the adult Greek population. Differences between groups were assessed with Chi-square tests. Logistic regression models were used to identify perceptions based on participants' characteristics. Analysis was conducted in Stata 14, and 1976 adults participated in the survey: 48% male and 52% female. Road accidents, cancer and air pollution and environmental protection were considered the top three most important public health risks. Differences were observed between sexes; females were more concerned regarding the importance of the examined public health risks, and between age groups, younger ages considered STDs and contraception more important than older ages. Finally, non-smokers considered exercise and smoking to be more important than smokers. This is the first study to present and grade the public's perceptions on the importance of public health risks in Greece. Our study's prioritization of health risks could aid health authorities in improving and promoting the overall public health in Greece