Museum specimens and occurrences of Glottidia audebarti, Discradisca strigata and other brachiopods (Brachiopoda) in the Pacific of Costa Rica

Introduction: Lamp shells or brachiopods have a rich fossil record but only about 400 extant species. Their diversity on the Eastern Pacific is poorly known and only eight species are reported for the Pacific of Costa Rica. Objective: To list the specimens from Costa Rica and provide a distribution map along its Pacific coast. Methods: We checked collections at the University of Costa Rica (MZ-UCR) and Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Results: We found 22 records at MZ-UCR and 10 at Scripps, both include unidentified specimens, as well as Glottidia audebarti and Discradisca strigata, which are frequently collected intertidally. Conclusion: The study of Eastern Pacific living brachiopods is at an early stage; ecological studies could focus on the more easily accessed intertidal species

Crustaceans in Phragmatopoma sp. (Polychaeta: Sabellariidae) intertidal reefs, Pacific, Costa Rica

Introduction: Annelid polychaete worms of the family Sabellariidae build reefs by cementing together sand grains. These reefs increase local habitat heterogeneity and species diversity. The reefs are used as a refuge by invertebrates, and crustaceans are frequent. Objective: To list the species of crustaceans found in Phragmatopoma sp. reefs on two localities of the North Pacific coast of Costa Rica and at the port of Puntarenas, Gulf of Nicoya estuary. Methods: We dislodged fragments of reef colonies qualitatively at low tide with a chisel, stored them in plastic bags and later disaggregated the fragments by hand. We identified the crustaceans whenever possible and deposited them in the collection at the University of Costa Rica (MZUCR). Results: We identified 30 species:  26 species of macro-crustaceans in samples from the North coast, eight of them Petrolisthes (Porcellanidae). From the Puntarenas samples we identified five species (27 macro-crustaceans and 3 isopods). A few micro-crustaceans (Amphipoda, Isopoda) were also present but not identified. Conclusions: The number of crustacean species found in Phragmatopoma sp. reefs is relatively high but comparisons with other studies are difficult. Porcellanid crabs are common on these reefs. The low diversity of Puntarenas reefs remains unexplained

Detección del adn de papilomavirus humano en lesiones precancerosas y cancerosas de cuello uterino por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, en bucaramanga, santander

Determinar la validez de la Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa (PCR) en el diagnóstico de la infección por el virus del papiloma humano (VPH), detectando diferentes tipos de VPH oncogénicos (16, 18, 31, 33 y 35) y no oncogénicos (6 y 11) en pacientes con lesiones precancerosas y cancerosas de cérvix y en pacientes control, estableciendo la prevalencia del virus en estas lesiones

Thyroid Hormone-Induced Cytosol-to-Nuclear Translocation of Rat Liver Nrf2 Is Dependent on Kupffer Cell Functioning

L-3,3′,5-triiodothyronine (T3) administration upregulates nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in rat liver, which is redox-sensitive transcription factor mediating cytoprotection. In this work, we studied the role of Kupffer cell respiratory burst activity, a process related to reactive oxygen species generation and liver homeostasis, in Nrf2 activation using the macrophage inactivator gadolinium chloride (GdCl3; 10 mg/kg i.v. 72 h before T3 [0.1 mg/kg i.p.]) or NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin (1.5 mmol/L added to the drinking water for 7 days before T3), and determinations were performed 2 h after T3. T3 increased nuclear/cytosolic Nrf2 content ratio and levels of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), catalytic subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase, and thioredoxin (Western blot) over control values, proteins whose gene transcription is induced by Nrf2. These changes were suppressed by GdCl3 treatment prior to T3, an agent-eliciting Kupffer-cell depletion, inhibition of colloidal carbon phagocytosis, and the associated respiratory burst activity, with enhancement in nuclear inhibitor of Nrf2 kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/Nrf2 content ratios suggesting Nrf2 degradation. Under these conditions, T3-induced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) response was eliminated by previous GdCl3 administration. Similar to GdCl3, apocynin given before T3 significantly reduced liver Nrf2 activation and HO-1 expression, a NADPH oxidase inhibitor eliciting abolishment of colloidal carbon-induced respiratory burst activity without altering carbon phagocytosis. It is concluded that Kupffer cell functioning is essential for upregulation of liver Nrf2-signaling pathway by T3. This contention is supported by suppression of the respiratory burst activity of Kupffer cells and the associated reactive oxygen species production by GdCl3 or apocynin given prior to T3, thus hindering Nrf2 activation

SEISMOSTRATIGRAPHY OF LOS CAYOS BASIN

From this work we show the results of the mapping and modeling of the Los Cayos basin. This basin is located in the offshore to the extreme northwest of South America. Further, this consists of exposed (islands and banks) and submerged areas comprised of deposits from Cretaceous to Holocene. From the seismic interpretation and well correlations a three dimensional model was established of the sequences present in the subsurface of the basin.Mediante este trabajo se pretende mostrar los resultados de la cartografía y modelamiento de la Cuenca los Cayos. Esta cuenca está localizada en el offshore del extremo noroeste de Suramérica. Además, está constituida por áreas expuestas (islas y bancos) y sumergidas que comprenden depósitos desde el Cretáceo hasta el Holoceno. Mediante la interpretación sísmica y la correlación de pozos, se estableció un modelo tridimensional de las diferentes secuencias presentes en el subsuelo de la cuenca. &nbsp

Las fusiones y adquisiciones en el Per? : importaci?n de cl?usulas del derecho norteamericano y su implementaci?n en las operaciones de adquisici?n empresariales

Teniendo en cuenta la necesidad que existe en la actualidad de que los abogados corporativos manejen conceptos propios del derecho corporativo norteamericano dentro de la elaboraci?n de los contratos de Fusiones y Adquisiciones, se ha podido evidenciar la necesidad de implementar la experiencia estadounidense dentro de la ingenier?a contractual corporativa peruana, importando determinadas clausulas y herramientas del derecho corporativo americano. Probablemente, la principal disyuntiva ante la que nos encontraremos es la importaci?n de herramientas, figuras e instituciones propias de un sistema legal distinto al nuestro; es decir, incorporar figuras contractuales del Common Law americano al Civil Law peruano

Calcificaciones vasculares en pacientes bajo hemodiálisis, Hospital Nacional G. Almenara 2017

RESUMEN: Introducción: Las calcificaciones vasculares forman parte de los trastornos sistémicos del metabolismo mineral óseo causado por la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC), y constituye una de las principales causas de mortalidad de los pacientes con ERC en terapia de diálisis. Metodología: El presente es un estudio analítico, transversal y no experimental, que evalúa la prevalencia de calcificaciones vasculares (aorta abdominal) según scores validado (Kaupilla) y su correlación con las alteraciones bioquímicas del trastorno mineral óseo. La asociación de variables cualitativas utilizó el test Chi-Cuadrado de Pearson. Resultados: Conclusión: De la población incluida (n:49), el 65% de los pacientes eran incidentes o continuadores en hemodiálisis (>6 meses) con un tiempo en hemodiálisis promedio de 2.8 años, y el 35% fue no incidente o nuevo en hemodiálisis (<6 meses). La edad promedio fue de 62.1 años y el 53% era femenino y el 47% masculino. El 67% presentó algún grado de calcificación vascular (score de Kaupilla mayor de 1) y el 45% presentó un score mayor de 3 (score asociado a riesgo cardiovascular), siendo predominante en la población incidente en hemodiálisis, a diferencia de la población nueva o no incidente cuyo score predominantemente fue menor a 3 (82%). Al menos la cuarta parte de la paciente presentó alteraciones bioquímicas de la enfermedad mineral ósea (hipercalcemia, hiperfosfatemia o hiperparatiroidismo) y no se encontró asociación estadística significativa entre las alteraciones bioquímicas de la enfermedad mineral ósea con el índice de calcificación vascular. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los pacientes en hemodiálisis presenta algún grado de calcificación, por lo que es importante reconocer y prevenir las calcificaciones vasculares por el riesgo cardiovascular que poseen.Trabado de investigacio

Modeling of the Influence of Operational Parameters on Tire Lateral Dynamics

Tires play a critical role in vehicle safety. Proper modeling of tire–road interaction is essential for optimal performance of active safety systems. This work studies the influence of temperature, longitudinal vehicle speed, steering frequency, vertical load, and inflation pressure on lateral tire dynamics. To this end, a tire test bench that allows the accurate control of these parameters and the measurement of the variables of interest was used. The obtained results made it possible to propose a simple model that allowed the determination of relaxation length as a function of tire vertical load and vehicle linear speed, and the determination of a representative tread temperature. Additionally, a model has been proposed to determine the lateral friction coefficient from the aforementioned temperature. Finally, results also showed that some variables had little influence on the parameters that characterize lateral dynamicsThis work is partly supported partly by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under grant PID2019-105572RB-I00, partly by the Economy, Knowledge, Enterprise and Universities Council of the Andalusian Regional Government under grant UMA18-FEDERJA-109, partly by the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport under grant FPU18/00450, and partly by the University of Malaga.Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag