1,026 research outputs found
Invasive Techniken in der Notfallmedizin: IV. Koniotomie im Notarztdienst
Zusammenfassung: Die Koniotomie im Notarztdienst ist eine sehr invasive Methode zur Atemwegssicherung. Sie ist aber unabdingbar, wenn andere weniger invasive Verfahren der Atemwegssicherung misslingen oder sich situationsabhĂ€ngig als nicht zweckmĂ€Ăig erweisen. FĂŒr die DurchfĂŒhrung wurden verschiedene Verfahren beschrieben, die in anatomisch-chirurgische PrĂ€pariertechniken und Punktionsverfahren unterteilt werden können. Das im jeweiligen Notarztsystem bevorzugte Verfahren orientiert sich meist an abteilungsĂŒblichen Standards, die vom klinischen Vorgehen abgeleitet werden. Ausbildungs- und Trainingsmöglichkeiten fĂŒr die einzelnen Verfahren bestehen in der Intensivmedizin, am LeichenprĂ€parat und am Phantom. In dieser Arbeit werden verschiedene Methoden der Koniotomie besprochen sowie eine anatomische PrĂ€pariertechnik und 2Punktionsverfahren im Detail dargestell
Spin dephasing and photoinduced spin diffusion in high-mobility 110-grown GaAs-AlGaAs two-dimensional electron systems
We have studied spin dephasing and spin diffusion in a high-mobility
two-dimensional electron system, embedded in a GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well grown
in the [110] direction, by a two-beam Hanle experiment. For very low excitation
density, we observe spin lifetimes of more than 16 ns, which rapidly decrease
as the pump intensity is increased. Two mechanisms contribute to this decrease:
the optical excitation produces holes, which lead to a decay of electron spin
via the Bir-Aranov-Pikus mechanism and recombination with spin-polarized
electrons. By scanning the distance between the pump and probe beams, we
observe the diffusion of spin-polarized electrons over more than 20 microns.
For high pump intensity, the spin polarization in a distance of several microns
from the pump beam is larger than at the pump spot, due to the reduced
influence of photogenerated holes.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
d-aspartate oxidase in rat, bovine and sheep kidney cortex is localized in peroxisomes
Measurement of electrons from semi-leptonic heavy-flavour hadron decays with ALICE at the LHC
Biogenesis of peroxisomes: immunocytochemical investigation of peroxisomal membrane proteins in proliferating rat liver peroxisomes and in catalase-negative membrane loops.
An integrative approach to more nuanced estimates of personalityâjobâperformance relations
This is the final version. Available on open access from Wiley via the DOI in this recordData availability statement: The data that support the findings of this study are openly available on OSF at https://osf.io/ys72j/?view_only=f48aeaf9414d46fb81019186030afbdcRecent research has suggested that self- and other-ratings of personality may provide different information about personality, which can be captured in the traitâreputationâidentity (TRI) model. Based on the TRI model, we investigate the link between personality and aligned job performance criteria on domain and aspect levels of the Big Five personality traits. In five samples (overall Nâ=â571 triplets of target self-ratings and two coworker other-ratings), we investigated the relationships between the shared information on personality and shared information about job performance. We found that all personality domains showed substantial criterion validity in predicting the corresponding job-performance dimensions. Furthermore, we found stronger estimates for aspects of agreeableness and openness. We discuss theoretical and practical implications for target replacement and performance management
Multiplicity dependence of jet-like two-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions at = 5.02 TeV
Two-particle angular correlations between unidentified charged trigger and
associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a
nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The transverse-momentum
range 0.7 5.0 GeV/ is examined,
to include correlations induced by jets originating from low
momen\-tum-transfer scatterings (minijets). The correlations expressed as
associated yield per trigger particle are obtained in the pseudorapidity range
. The near-side long-range pseudorapidity correlations observed in
high-multiplicity p-Pb collisions are subtracted from both near-side
short-range and away-side correlations in order to remove the non-jet-like
components. The yields in the jet-like peaks are found to be invariant with
event multiplicity with the exception of events with low multiplicity. This
invariance is consistent with the particles being produced via the incoherent
fragmentation of multiple parton--parton scatterings, while the yield related
to the previously observed ridge structures is not jet-related. The number of
uncorrelated sources of particle production is found to increase linearly with
multiplicity, suggesting no saturation of the number of multi-parton
interactions even in the highest multiplicity p-Pb collisions. Further, the
number scales in the intermediate multiplicity region with the number of binary
nucleon-nucleon collisions estimated with a Glauber Monte-Carlo simulation.Comment: 23 pages, 6 captioned figures, 1 table, authors from page 17,
published version, figures at
http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/161
Multi-particle azimuthal correlations in p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
Measurements of multi-particle azimuthal correlations (cumulants) for charged
particles in p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions are presented. They help address the
question of whether there is evidence for global, flow-like, azimuthal
correlations in the p-Pb system. Comparisons are made to measurements from the
larger Pb-Pb system, where such evidence is established. In particular, the
second harmonic two-particle cumulants are found to decrease with multiplicity,
characteristic of a dominance of few-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions.
However, when a gap is placed to suppress such correlations,
the two-particle cumulants begin to rise at high-multiplicity, indicating the
presence of global azimuthal correlations. The Pb-Pb values are higher than the
p-Pb values at similar multiplicities. In both systems, the second harmonic
four-particle cumulants exhibit a transition from positive to negative values
when the multiplicity increases. The negative values allow for a measurement of
to be made, which is found to be higher in Pb-Pb collisions at
similar multiplicities. The second harmonic six-particle cumulants are also
found to be higher in Pb-Pb collisions. In Pb-Pb collisions, we generally find
which is indicative of a Bessel-Gaussian
function for the distribution. For very high-multiplicity Pb-Pb
collisions, we observe that the four- and six-particle cumulants become
consistent with 0. Finally, third harmonic two-particle cumulants in p-Pb and
Pb-Pb are measured. These are found to be similar for overlapping
multiplicities, when a gap is placed.Comment: 25 pages, 11 captioned figures, 3 tables, authors from page 20,
published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/87
Ant Mimicry by an Aphid Parasitoid, Lysiphlebus fabarum
In Iran, Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) is a uniparental parasitoid of the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae Scopoli (Hemiptera: Aphididae), that possesses various highly evolved adaptations for foraging within ant-tended aphid colonies. Direct observations and video recordings were used to analyze the behavior of individual females foraging for A. fabae on bean leaf disks in open arenas in the laboratory. Females exploited aphids as hosts and as a source of food, allocating within-patch time as follows: resting - 10.4%, grooming - 8.2%, searching - 11.5%, antennation (host recognition) - 7.5%, antennation (honeydew solicitation mimicking ants) - 31.9%, abdominal bending (attack preparation) 19.7%, probing with the ovipositor (attack) - 10.8%. The mean handling time for each aphid encountered was 2.0 ± 0.5 min. Females encountered an average of 47.4 ± 6.4 aphids per hour, but laid only 1.2 eggs per hour. The ovipositor insertion time for parasitism ranged from 2 sec to longer than a minute, but most insertions did not result in an egg being laid. A. fabae defensive behaviors included kicking, raising and swiveling the body, and attempts to smear the attacker with cornicle secretions, sometimes with lethal results. Food deprivation for 4â6 h prior to testing increased the frequency of ant mimcry by L. fabarum. Females also used ant-like antennation to reduce A. fabae defensive behavior, e.g. the frequency of kicking. L. fabarum attacks primed A. fabae to be more responsive to subsequent honeydew solicitation, such that experienced females improved their feeding success by alternating between the roles of parasitoid and ant mimic. These results reveal the possibility for mutualisms to evolve between L. fabarum and the ant species that tend A. fabae, since L. fabarum receive ant protection for their progeny and may benefit the ants by improving A. fabae responsiveness to honeydew solicitation
How a slow-ovipositing parasitoid can succed as a biological control agent of the invasive mealybug Phenacoccus peruvianus: implications for future classical and conservation biological control programs
[EN] Phenaccocus peruvianus Granara de Willink (Hemiptera: pseudococcidae) is an invasive mealybug that has become a pest of ornamental plants in Europe and has recently been detected in California, USA. In this work, we studied the tritrophic interaction among this mealybug, its main parasitoid Acerophagus n. sp. near coccois (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and tending ants to disclose the success of this parasitoid controlling P. peruvianus. Acerophagus n. sp. near coccois accepted mealybugs for parasitism regardless of their size but did not hostfeed. We recorded three active defenses of P. peruvianus. Host handling time-consuming process that required more than 30 min. Tending ants, Lasius grandis (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), reduced the time spent by parasitoids in a patch and disrupted oviposition attempts. The low numbers of ants tending mealybugs colonies in Spain and France could explain why this parasitoid, with a long handling time, is an efficient biological control agent for P. peruvianus.BeltrĂ Ivars, A.; Soto SĂĄnchez, AI.; Tena Barreda, A. (2015). How a slow-ovipositing parasitoid can succed as a biological control agent of the invasive mealybug Phenacoccus peruvianus: implications for future classical and conservation biological control programs. BioControl. 60(4):473-484. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-015-9663-6S473484604Arakelian G (2013) Bougainvillea mealybug (Phenacoccus peruvianus). Factsheet 2013. County of Los Angeles. Department of agricultural commissioner/weights and measures, USABartlett BR (1961) The influence of ants upon parasites, predators, and scale insects. Ann Entomol Soc Am 54:543â551Bartlett BR (1978) Pseudococcidae. In: Clausen CP (ed) Introduced parasites and predators of arthropod pests and weeds: a world review, 1st edn. Agricultural Research Service USDA, Washington, USA, pp 137â170Barzman MS, Daane KM (2001) Host-handling behaviors in parasitoids of black scale, Saissetia oleae (Homoptera: Coccidae): a case for ant-mediated evolution. J Anim Ecol 70:237â247BeltrĂ A, Soto A, Germain JF, Matile-Ferrero D, Mazzeo G, Pellizzari G, Russo A, Franco JC, Williams DJ (2010) The Bougainvillea mealybug Phenacoccus peruvianus, a rapid invader from South America to Europe. Entomol Hell 19:137â143BeltrĂ A, Garcia-MarĂ F, Soto A (2013a) Seasonal phenology, spatial distribution, and sampling plan for the invasive mealybug Phenacoccus peruvianus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). J Econ Entomol 106:1486â1494BeltrĂ A, Tena A, Soto A (2013b) Fortuitous biological control of the invasive mealybug Phenacoccus peruvianus in Southern Europe. BioControl 58:309â317BeltrĂ A, Tena A, Soto A (2013c) Reproductive strategies and food sources used by Acerophagus n. sp. near coccois, a new successful parasitoid of the invasive mealybug Phenacoccus peruvianus. J Pest Sci 86:253â259Berlinger MJ, Golberg AM (1978) The effect of the fruit sepals on the citrus mealybug population and on its parasite. Entomol Exp Appl 24:238â243Blumstein DT, Daniel JC (2007) Quantifying behavior the JWatcher way. Sinauer Associates Inc., Sunderland, UKBoavida C, Ahounou M, Vos M, Neuenschwander P, van Alphen JJM (1995) Host stage selection and sex allocation by Gyranusoidea tebygi (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a parasitoid of the mango mealybug, Rastrococcus invadens (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). Biol Control 5:487â496Bokonon-Ganta AH, Neuenschwander P, van Alphen JJM, Vos M (1995) Host stage selection and sex allocation by Anagyrus mangicola (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a parasitoid of the mango mealybug, Rastrococcus invadens (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). Biol Control 5:479â486Bugila AAA, Franco JC, Borges da Silva E, Branco M (2014a) Defense response of native and alien mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) against the solitary parasitoid Anagyrus sp. nr. pseudococci (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). J Insect Behav 27:439â453Bugila AAA, Branco M, Borges da Silva E, Franco JC (2014b) Host selection behavior and specificity of the solitary parasitoid of mealybugs Anagyrus sp. nr. pseudococci (Girault) (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae). Biocontrol Sci Techn 24:22â38Bynum EK (1937) Pseudococcobius terryi Fullaway, a Hawaiian parasite of Gray Sugarcane mealybug in the United States. J Econ Entomol 30:756â761CadĂ©e N, van Alphen JJM (1997) Host selection and sex allocation in Leptomastidea abnormis, a parasitoid of the citrus mealybug Planococcus citri. Entomol Exp Appl 83:277â284Clausen CP (1924) The parasites of Pseudococcus maritimus (Ehrhorn) in California (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Part II. Biological studies and life histories. UC Pub Entomol 3:253â288Daane KM, Barzman MS, Caltagirone LE, Hagen KS (2000) Metaphycus anneckei and Metaphycus hageni: two discrete species parasitic on black scale, Saissetia oleae. BioControl 45:269â284Daane KM, Bentley WJ, Walton VM, Malakar-Kuenen R, Millar JC, Ingels CA, Weber EA, Gispert C (2006) New controls investigated for vine mealybug. Calif Agric 60:31â38Daane KM, Sime KR, Fallon J, Cooper ML (2007) Impacts of Argentine ants on mealybugs and their natural enemies in Californiaâs coastal vineyards. Ecol Entomol 32:583â596De Farias AM, Hopper KR (1999) Oviposition behavior of Aphelinus asychis (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) and Aphidius matricariae (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) and defense behavior of their host Diuraphis noxia (Homoptera: Aphididae). Environ Entomol 28:858â862Dorn B, Mattiacci L, Bellotti AC, Dorn S (2001) Host specificity and comparative foraging behavior of Aenasius vexans and Acerophagus coccois, two endo-parasitoids of the cassava mealybug. Entomol Exp Appl 99:331â339Eisner T, Silberglied RE (1988) A chrysopid larva that cloaks itself in mealybug wax. Psyche 95:15â20Flanders SE (1963) Predation by parasitic Hymenoptera, the basis of ant-induced outbreaks of a host species. J Econ Entomol 56:116Foldi I (1983) Structure et fonctions des glandes tĂ©gumentaires de cochenilles Pseudococcines et de leurs secretions. Ann Soc Entomol Fr 19:155â156Foldi I (1997) Defense strategies in scale insects: phylogenetic inference and evolutionary scenarios (Hemiptera, Coccoidea). In: Grandcolas P (ed) The origin of biodiversity in insects: phylogenetic tests of evolutionary scenarios, 1st edn. MusĂ©um National dâHistoire Naturelle, Paris, France, pp 203â230Godfray HCJ (1994) Parasitoids: behavioral and evolutionary ecology. Princeton University Press, Princeton, USAGonzĂĄlez-HernĂĄndez H, Johnson MW, Reimer NJ (1999) Impact of Pheidole megacephala (F.) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on the biological control of Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). Biol Control 15:145â152Gross P (1993) Insect behavioral and morphological defenses against parasitoids. Annu Rev Entomol 38:251â273Gullan PJ (1997) Relationships with ants. In: Ben-Dov Y, Hodgson CJ (eds) Soft scale insectsâtheir biology natural enemies and control, 1st edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp 351â373Gullan PJ, Kosztarab M (1997) Adaptations in scale insects. Annu Rev Entomol 42:23â50Hcidari M, Jahan M (2000) A study of ovipositional behavior of Anagyrus pseudococci a parasitoid of mealybugs. J Agric Sci Technol 2:49â53Honda JY, Luck RF (1995) Scale morphology effects on feeding behavior and biological control potential of Rhyzobius lophanthae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Ann Entomol Soc Am 88:441â450Joyce AL, Hoddle MS, Bellows TS, Gonzalez D (2001) Oviposition behavior of Coccidoxenoides peregrinus, a parasitoid of Planococcus ficus. Entomol Exp Appl 98:49â57Karamaouna F (1999) Biology of the parasitoids Leptomastix epona (Walker) and Pseudaphycus flavidulus (BrĂšthes) and behavioural interactions with the host mealybug Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret). Ph.D. Thesis, University of London, UK, p 333Karamaouna F, Copland MJ (2000) Oviposition behavior, influence of experience on host size selection, and niche overlap of the solitary Leptomastix epona and the gregarious Pseudaphycus flavidulus, two endoparasitoids of the mealybug Pseudococcus viburni. Entomol Exp Appl 97:301â308Klotz JH, Hansen L, Pospischil R, Rust M (2008) Urban ants of North America and Europe. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, USAMailleux AC, Deneubourg JL, Detrain C (2003) Regulation of ants foraging to resource productivity. P R Soc Lond B Bio 270:1609â1616Majerus ME, Sloggett JJ, Godeau JF, Hemptinne JL (2007) Interactions between ants and aphidophagous and coccidophagous ladybirds. Popul Ecol 49:15â27Mgocheki N, Addison P (2009) Interference of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with biological control of the vine mealybug Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Biol Control 49:180â185Moore D (1988) Agents used for biological control of mealybugs (Pseudococcidae). Biocontrol News Inf 9:209â225Paris CI, Espadaler X (2009) Honeydew collection by the invasive garden ant Lasius neglectus versus the native ant L grandis. Arthropod Plant Interact 3:75â85Pekas A, Tena A, Aguilar A, Garcia-MarĂ F (2011) Spatio-temporal patterns and interactions with honeydew-producing Hemiptera of ants in a Mediterranean citrus orchard. Agric Forest Entomol 13:89â97Pennacchio F, Strand MR (2006) Evolution of developmental strategies in parasitic Hymenoptera. Annu Rev Entomol 51:233â258Pijls JW, Hofker KD, Staalduinen MJ, van Alphen JJM (1995) Interspecific host discrimination and competition in Apoanagyrus (Epidinocarsis) lopezi and A(E) diversicornis parasitoids of the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti. Ecol Entomol 20:326â332Robert Y (1987) Dispersion and migration. In: Minks AK, Harrewijn P (eds) Aphidsâtheir biology, natural enemies and control, 1st edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp 299â313Sandanayaka WRM, Charles JG, Allan DJ (2009) Aspects of the reproductive biology of Pseudaphycus maculipennis (Hym: Encyrtidae), a parasitoid of obscure mealybug, Pseudococcus viburni (Hem: Pseudococcidae). Biol Control 48:30â35Sarkar D (2008) Lattice: multivariate data visualization with R. Springer, New York, USASime KR, Daane KM (2014) Rapid, non-discriminatory oviposition behaviors are favored in mealybug parasitoids when Argentine ants are present. Environ Entomol 43:995â1002Tena A, Garcia-MarĂ F (2008) Suitability of citricola scale Coccus pseudomagnoliarum (Hemiptera: Coccidae) as host of Metaphycus helvolus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae): Influence of host size and encapsulation. Biol Control 46:341â347Tena A, Hoddle CD, Hoddle MS (2013) Competition between honeydew producers in an antâhemipteran interaction may enhance biological control of an invasive pest. Bull Entomol Res 103:714â723The R Core Team (2011) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austriavan Driesche RG, Belloti A, Herrera CJ, Castello JA (1987a) Host preferences of two encyrtid parasitoids for the Columbian Phenacoccus spp. of cassava mealybugs. Entomol Exp Appl 43:261â266van Driesche RG, Belloti A, Herrera CJ, Castello JA (1987b) Host feeding and ovipositor insertion as sources of mortality in the mealybug Phenacoccus herreni caused by two encyrtids Epidinocarsis diversicornis and Acerophagus coccois. Entomol Exp Appl 44:97â100Vet LE, Dicke M (1992) Ecology of infochemical use by natural enemies in a tritrophic context. Annu Rev Entomol 37:141â172Völkl W, Woodring J, Fischer M, Lorenz MW, Hoffmann KH (1999) Ant-aphid mutualisms: the impact of honeydew production and honeydew sugar composition on ant preferences. Oecologia 118:483â491Wajnberg E (1989) Analysis of variations of handling-time in Trichogramma maidis. Entomophaga 34:397â407Way MJ (1963) Mutualism between ants and honeydew-producing Homoptera. Annu Rev Entomol 8:307â344Weiss MR (2006) Defecation behavior and ecology of insects. Annu Rev Entomol 51:635â661Wyckhuys KAG, Stone L, Desneux N, Hoelmer KA, Hopper KR, Heimpel GE (2008) Parasitism of the soybean aphid Aphis glycines by Binodoxys communis: the role of aphid defensive behavior and parasitoid reproductive performance. Bull Entomol Res 98:361â370Zain-ul-Abdin, Arif MJ, Suhail A, Gogi MD, Arshad M, Wakil W, Abbas SK, Altaf A, Shaina H, Manzoor A (2012) Molecular analysis of the venom of mealybug parasitoid Aenasius bambawalei Hayat (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Pak Entomol 34:189â193Zinna G (1959) Specializzazione entomoparassitica negli Encyrtidae: studio morfologico etologico e fisiologico del Leptomastix dactylopii. Howard Boll Lab agr Filippo Silvestri 18:1â14
- âŠ