A Reduced Order Model based on Artificial Neural Networks for nonlinear aeroelastic phenomena and application to composite material beams

[EN] Applications of composite materials in industry have increased due to their high stiffness-to-weight ratio. In the particular case of unidirectional fibers or perpendicular fabrics, the materials behavior is orthotropic, so that an extra degree of freedom, related to the orientation of the fibers, must be included in the structural optimization. Composite material thin walled beam models have been developed for reducing the computational cost of the simulations. Traditionally, these models have been coupled with potential aerodynamics to calculate the aeroelastic response, and thus, the viscous nonlinear effects have been omitted. In order to capture these effects, this manuscript focus on the development of a Reduced Order Model enhanced by an Artificial Neural Network for the analysis of composite structures under aerodynamic loads. The presented methodology shows the training process of the neural network, the comparison with high fidelity simulations and the design optimization of a carbon fiber laminated foam beam. It is demonstrated that the model reduces the computational cost by orders of magnitude, while still capturing structural couplings and being capable of increasing the flutter velocity by more than 10% with respect to the longitudinal orientation.This project have been partially funded by Spanish Ministry of University through the University Faculty Training (FPU) program with reference FPU19/02201.Torregrosa, AJ.; Gil, A.; Quintero-Igeño, P.; Cremades-Botella, A. (2022). A Reduced Order Model based on Artificial Neural Networks for nonlinear aeroelastic phenomena and application to composite material beams. Composite Structures. 295:1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2022.11584511529

Enhanced design methodology of a low power stall regulated wind turbine. BEMT and MRF-RANS combination and comparison with existing designs

[EN] Wind energy importance has increased over the past decades. Energy generation by small turbines installed near urban locations has experienced noticeable growth. This work is focused on the development of a design methodology for a low power blade well suited for all the wind operation conditions. First, a complete Design of Experiments will be presented using the low computational cost tool Blade Element Momentum Theory (BEMT) in order to discard those designs which are clearly not suited to the requirements of the system. Later, the remaining were analyzed using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methodology in order to account for three dimensional effects. The value of the left slope of the non-dimensional power curve has been found to be a key parameter for the design. This methodology has been validated with experimental results available from NREL Phase VI wind turbine, allowing to conclude that BEMT is capable to provide with pre-design accurate results which, nevertheless, should corrected by CFD. The results of the proposed design are analyzed and compared to the CFD predictions of a commercial existing blade designed to comply with similar working. For the proposed design, predictions indicate better behavior in terms of maximum power and controllability.Torregrosa, AJ.; Gil, A.; Quintero-Igeño, P.; Tiseira, A. (2019). Enhanced design methodology of a low power stall regulated wind turbine. BEMT and MRF-RANS combination and comparison with existing designs. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. 190:230-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2019.04.019S23024419

On the effects of orthotropic materials in flutter protection of wind turbine flexible blades

[EN] Decarbonization requirements have extended the use of wind turbines by orders of magnitude. Due to their high stiffness-to-weight ratio, composite materials have been widely used for manufacturing the turbine blades in the recent years. As a consequence of the orthotropic mechanical properties of these materials, the structural behavior of the blade is conditioned by the orientation of the fibers. This article gives a general idea of the benefits of optimizing the composite material ply angle. Along the paper, two different structures are analyzed, a quasi-isotropic material and a structure with oblique fibers. The analysis is conducted using a reduced order model solver which couples a beam element structural solver with the blade element momentum and Theodorsen pitching airfoil theories. The solvers are validated, and then, the flutter conditions are obtained and used to limit the whole operation curve for both blades. The oblique layup structure is evidenced to increase the critical wind velocity by 10% for a defined control law and electrical system. Therefore, the importance of a correct structural analysis is demonstrated to be crucial in the design and manufacturing of the following generation of wind turbine blades.This project have been partially funded by Spanish Ministry of Uni-versity through the University Faculty Training (FPU) program with reference FPU19/02201.Torregrosa, AJ.; Gil, A.; Quintero-Igeño, P.; Cremades-Botella, A. (2022). On the effects of orthotropic materials in flutter protection of wind turbine flexible blades. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. 227:1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2022.10505511522

Preliminary evaluation of a blast sprayer controlled by pulse width modulated nozzles

[EN] Precision spraying relies on the response of the spraying equipment to the features of the targeted canopy. PWM technology manages the flow rate using a set of electronically actuated solenoid valves to regulate flow rate at the nozzle level. Previous studies have found that PWM systems may deliver incorrect flow rates. The objective of the present study was to characterize the performance of a commercial blast sprayer modified with pulse-width-modulated nozzles under laboratory conditions, as a preliminary step before its further field validation. Four different duty cycles (25 percent, 50 percent, 75 percent and 100 percent) and four different pressures (400 kPa, 500 kPa, 600 kPa and 700 kPa) were combined to experimentally measure the flow rate of each nozzle. Results showed that the PWM nozzles mounted in the commercial blast sprayer, under static conditions, were capable of modulating flow rate according to the duty cycle. However, the reduction of flow rates for the tested duty cycles according to pressure was lower than the percentage expected. A good linear relation was found between the pressure registered by the control system feedback sensor and the pressure measured by a reference conventional manometer located after the pump. High-speed video recordings confirmed the accurate opening and closing of the nozzles according to the duty cycle; however, substantial pressure variations were found at nozzle level. Further research to establish the general suitability of PWM systems for regulating nozzle flow rates in blast sprayers without modifying the system pressure still remains to be addressed.This research was funded by the Government of Spain through the project "Smart spraying for a sustainable vineyard and olive trees" PIVOS (PID2019-104289RB).Ortí García, E.; Cuenca, A.; Pérez Teruel, M.; Torregrosa, A.; Ortiz Sánchez, MC.; Rovira Más, F. (2022). Preliminary evaluation of a blast sprayer controlled by pulse width modulated nozzles. Sensors. 22(13):1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22134924112221

Contribution to the geometric characterization of Agricultural Water Reservoirs as a tool for the calculation of sustainability indicators

[SPA] Las balsas a diferencia de las presas presentan desde un punto de vista geométrico elementos y formas similares que pueden ser estudiadas y caracterizadas para la obtención de relaciones y expresiones útiles para la planificación y análisis de diferentes aspectos. En el presente artículo se pretende recopilar y analizar las diferentes relaciones geométricas en balsas. En primer lugar, se realiza una recopilación con las relaciones entre las diferentes variables encontradas en la bibliografía especializada. A partir de la información recopilada por la Generalitat Valenciana de aproximadamente unas 50 balsas, se han obtenido diferentes relaciones entre las variables. Estas relaciones permiten que de una manera aproximada y en fase de predimensionado de una balsa o gestión del territorio, la estimación rápida de diferentes parámetros como la superficie ocupada en función del volumen, superficie impermeabilizada y otro tipo de variables útiles tanto para los proyectistas, gestores y Comunidades de Regantes. El desarrollo y utilización de este tipo de herramientas analíticas debe permitir la caracterización de este tipo de infraestructura dentro de los sistemas hidráulicos, proporcionando indicadores que permitan una mejor planificación y gestión en base a Objetivos de desarrollo Sostenible. [ENG] The Agricultural Water Reservoirs, unlike dams, present from a geometrical point of view similar elements and shapes that can be studied and characterized in order to obtain relations and expressions useful for the planning and analysis of different aspects. In this article we intend to compile and analyze the different geometric relationships in Agricultural Water Reservoirs. First of all, a compilation of the relationships between the different variables found in the specialized literature is made. From the information compiled by the Generalitat Valenciana of approximately 50 Agricultural Water Reservoirs, different relationships between the variables have been obtained. These relationships allow, in an approximate way and in the pre-dimensioning phase of a Agricultural Water Reservoirs or management of the territory, the fast estimation of different parameters such as the occupied surface in function of the volume, waterproofed surface and other types of useful variables for designers, managers and Irrigation Communities. The development and use of this type of analytical tools should allow the characterization of this type of infrastructure within the hydraulic systems, providing indicators that allow better planning and management based on Sustainable Development Objectives

Reflections on the elaboration and implementation of emergency plans in agricultural water reservoirs

[SPA] Las balsas de tierra impermeabilizadas con geomembranas son obras muy seguras, tanto por la tipología constructiva empleada, como por su tipo de explotación, tal y como demuestra la experiencia y la escasez de incidencias. En cualquier caso, se debe ser consciente que cualquier infraestructura puede colapsar y causar daños, y en el peor de los casos la pérdida de vidas humanas. Aunque la probabilidad de colapso nula no existe, es obligación tanto de los usuarios, técnicos implicados el intentar conseguirla. El desarrollo de las sociedades exige mayores niveles de seguridad, y en este sentido tanto para las balsas de tierra como para cualquier otro tipo de infraestructura, las exigencias en seguridad cada vez son mayores. La seguridad en las balsas de tierra viene determinada por tres pilares fundamentales que son: 1. Criterios de proyecto y control durante la ejecución, en ciertos puntos críticos. 2. Mantenimiento de la seguridad a lo largo del tiempo, lo que requiere de unos planes eficaces de Vigilancia y Mantenimiento, dentro de unas normas de Explotación, acordes con las entidades titulares que las tienen que implementar. 3. En el peor de los casos, la infraestructura puede fallar, por lo que interesa analizar cuáles serían sus consecuencias y hacerlo con el suficiente detalle para que puedan adoptarse medidas eficaces que aminores, e incluso anulen los daños, y en especial de vidas humanas. Esta preocupación por la seguridad en las balsas se vio establecida con la inclusión de las balsas en el Real Decreto 9/2008. Una mala concepción de la seguridad en balsas ha querido trasladar a estas infraestructuras, los criterios y planteamientos de las presas, lo cual ha provocado una gran confusión, tanto administrativa como técnica, e incluso un rechazo del sector a la exigencia del establecimiento de un marco normativo para este tipo de infraestructuras. En la presente ponencia se establecen una serie de reflexiones sobre los contenidos de los Planes de Emergencia, estableciendo la diferencia entre su aplicación a presas y balsas, las implicaciones sociales que pueden derivarse de los mismos, así como cuáles deben ser los criterios a seguir para incrementar la seguridad real de las balsas. [ENG] Agricultural Water Reservoirs waterproofed with geomembranes are very safe works, both because of the construction technology used and the type of operation, as shown by experience and the scarcity of incidents. In any case, one must be aware that any infrastructure can collapse and cause damage, and in the worst case, the loss of human lives. Although the probability of zero collapse does not exist, it is the obligation of both the users and the technicians involved to try to achieve it. The development of societies demands higher levels of safety, and in this sense, both for Agricultural Water Reservoirs and for any other type of infrastructure, the safety requirements are increasingly higher. Safety in Agricultural Water Reservoir is determined by three fundamental pillars: 1. Criteria for design and control during execution, at certain critical points. 2. Maintenance of safety over time, which requires effective surveillance and maintenance plans, within the framework of operating standards, in accordance with the entities that have to implement them. 3. In the worst case scenario, the infrastructure may fail, so it is important to analyze the consequences and to do so in sufficient detail so that effective measures can be adopted to reduce or even eliminate the damage, especially in terms of human lives. This concern for raft safety was established with the inclusion of rafts in Royal Decree 9/2008. A bad conception of safety in Agricultural Water Reservoir has wanted to transfer to these infrastructures, the criteria and approaches of dams, which has caused great confusion, both administrative and technical, and even a rejection of the sector to the demand for the establishment of a regulatory framework for this type of infrastructure. This paper sets out a series of reflections on the contents of the Emergency Plans, establishing the difference between their application to dams and agricultural reservoirs, the social implications that may derive from them, as well as the criteria to be followed in order to increase the real safety of reservoirs

New functions of the irrigation reservoirs in a transition towards a more sustanaible agriculture, in the Province of Alicante (Spain)

[SPA] Son bien conocidas las funciones de las balsas de tierra, como infraestructuras imprescindibles en la modernización, consolidación y sostenibilidad de regadíos, desde finales de los años 60 del siglo pasado. Actualmente, dichas funciones están plenamente vigentes, pero además, se amplían las mismas como infraestructuras básicas para la regulación de recursos en el ámbito comarcal, independientemente de su origen. Las nuevas funciones que cumplirán las balsas son: Regulación de volúmenes de aguas superficiales, derivadas de ríos, sin interferir en las dinámicas naturales de los mismos. Acoplar la oferta y la demanda de aguas residuales y desaladas, haciendo posible, además, la utilización de fuentes de energía renovables. Contribuir como micro-humedales, en combinación con la actividad agraria, en el aumento de la biodiversidad [ENG] The functions of earth reservoirs are well known, as essential infrastructures in the modernization, consolidation and sustainability of irrigation systems, since the end of the 60s of the last century. Currently, these functions are fully in force, but they are also expanded as basic infrastructures for the regulation of resources at the regional level, regardless of their origin. The new functions that the earth reservoirs will fulfill are: Regulation of surface water volumes derived from rivers, without interfering with their natural dynamics. Coupling the supply and demand of wastewater and desalinated, also making possible the use of renewable energy sources. Contribute as micro-wetlands, in combination with agricultural activity, in increasing biodiversity

Clinical practice guideline for surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis

La infección del sitio quirúrgico (ISQ) es una de las principales causas de infecciones asociadas a la atención en salud (IAAS), con un impacto significativo en la mortalidad y morbilidad del paciente quirúrgico, así como en los costos asociados a la atención en salud. El adecuado uso de la profilaxis quirúrgica antimicrobiana es un aspecto fundamental en la reducción del riesgo de ISQ, dado que su utilización inapropiada o indiscriminada puede representar un riesgo para los pacientes y contribuir al desarrollo de resistencia a los antimicrobianos, por lo que resulta de importancia generar directrices que permitan orientar el uso adecuado de antimicrobianos en la profilaxis del paciente quirúrgico, con el objetivo de obtener mejores desenlaces clínicos y propender por un uso racional de antibióticos. La presente guía contiene recomendaciones para profilaxis antibiótica de pacientes sometidos a procedimiento quirúrgico, basadas en la evidencia, realizadas mediante el proceso de adaptación de guías de práctica clínica para el contexto colombiano.Q4Pacientes sometidos a Profilaxis quirúrgica antimicrobianaSurgical site infection (SSI) is one of the main causes of healthcare associated infections (HAI), with a significant impact on the mortality and morbidity of the surgi-cal patient, as well as on the costs associated with health care. The adequate use of surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis being a fundamental aspect in reducing the risk of SSI, taking into account that the inappropriate or indiscriminate use of antibiotics in surgical prophylaxis may represent a risk for patients and contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance, so it is important to generate guidelines that guide the appropriate antimicrobial prophylaxis in the surgical patient, with the aim of obtaining better clinical outcomes and promoting a rational use of antibiotics. This guide contains recommendations for antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing a surgical procedure, based on evidence, carried out through the process of adapting clinical practice guidelines for the Colombian context.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5392-7083https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2568-4667Revista Nacional - IndexadaCN

III Jornadas de Jóvenes Investigadores en Arqueología: Libro de Actas

Libro de Actas de las III Jornadas de Jóvenes Investigadores en Arqueologí

Whole-genome genotyping of grape using a panel of microsatellite

The use of microsatellite markers in large-scale genetic studies is limited by its low throughput and high cost and labor requirements. Here, we provide a panel of 45 multiplex PCRs for fast and cost-efficient genome-wide fluorescence-based microsatellite analysis in grapevine. The developed multiplex PCRs panel (with up to 15-plex) enables the scoring of 270 loci covering all the grapevine genome (9 to 20 loci/chromosome) using only 45 PCRs and sequencer runs. The 45 multiplex PCRs were validated using a diverse grapevine collection of 207 accessions, selected to represent most of the cultivated Vitis vinifera genetic diversity. Particular attention was paid to quality control throughout the whole process (assay replication, null allele detection, ease of scoring). Genetic diversity summary statistics and features of electrophoretic profiles for each studied marker are provided, as are the genotypes of 25 common cultivars that could be used as references in other studies