Chapter 2. Trends and status of alien and invasive alien species

Chapter 2: Trends and status of alien and invasive alien species of the Thematic Assessment Report on Invasive Alien Species and their Control of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services

What's on the horizon for community-based conservation? Emerging threats and opportunities

Community-based conservation can support livelihoods and biodiversity, while reinforcing local and Indigenous values, cultures, and institutions. Its delivery can help address cross-cutting global challenges, such as climate change, conservation, poverty, and food security. Therefore, understanding trends in community-based conservation is pertinent to setting and implementing global goals. We undertook a horizon scan to prioritize 15 emerging threats and opportunities expected to impact the future effectiveness of community-based conservation. Topics relate to global biodiversity policy; human rights; shifting human geography; inclusion, diversity, equity, and access; conservation finance and income; and economic reforms. Our findings offer guidance on strengthening community-based conservation to achieve global environmental and development goals

Towards Regional and Community-Scale Reporting of Marine Ecosystem Health in the Torres Strait

Currently there is no formal marine ecosystem health (MEH) monitoring or reporting system in the Torres Strait. While some commercial fisheries are assessed and monitored\ud in detail, much of this information is transmitted to regional management agencies such as the Protected Zone Joint Authority, the Australian Fisheries Management\ud Authority and the Torres Strait Regional Authority (TSRA). However, there is increasing awareness of the need to involve Torres Strait Islander communities in the dissemination and collection of ecosystem management and research information, and to establish an integrated system of MEH reporting which is of relevance to agencies and communities. This report presents the findings of Marine and Tropical Science Research Facility project 1.3.5, Reporting Ecosystem Health in the Torres Strait. The project was established in 2006 with the following objectives:\ud \ud • To identify potential marine ecosystem health (MEH) indicators for the Torres Strait that are relevant to regional and community-level stakeholders, and to collate\ud available data for those indicators; \ud \ud • To develop potential monitoring and reporting frameworks and media for MEH.\ud \ud Following expert workshops in 2007 and 2008 a list of 21 potential indicators of MEH (12 for condition, 9 for threats/pressures) was established. This project reviewed the data available for each indicator, finding that only four had established biological thresholds of concern (tropical rock lobster, tiger and endeavour prawns and sandfish), and there was high data confidence and scientific and management knowledge for only 27% of\ud marine fishery species. We derived a standardised method of classifying the condition of indicators as 'healthy', 'unhealthy' and ‘vulnerable’ based on trends where known\ud thresholds of concern did not exist. For indicators of threats/pressures to ecosystem health we did not apply these classifications. Data utility was complicated by the\ud inconsistent temporal and spatial nature of its availability. Examples of regional-scale report card formats are given, utilising heat maps for trends\ud and spider diagrams for current status. A prototype MEH Index was developed, which showed that for 9 indicators with available data MEH was 'moderate' in 2009. Through\ud consultations with communities on Warraber and Darnley Islands in 2010 single species fact sheets were trialled. Communities responded that their favoured media for\ud receiving information was fact sheets and DVDs or videos. Communities also expressed their desire to be involved in MEH monitoring and reporting, but only if the schemes\ud were of direct benefit to them, for example through fisheries co-management schemes. Communities also listed indicators of MEH which would be relevant to their\ud livelihoods, most of which were also identified in the original list of 21. This report suggests a nested framework for linked community and regional monitoring\ud and reporting of MEH, to be coordinated by the TSRA Land and Sea Management Unit. This would integrate scientific knowledge with local and traditional ecological\ud knowledge. However, a clearer definition of MEH is required which incorporates ecological, cultural and economic perspectives. The process for defining this, and\ud selecting suitable and relevant indicators and thresholds of concern from the list in this report should be undertaken in a participatory manner which includes all relevant stakeholders

Traditional Marine Management Areas of the Pacific in the Context of National and International Law and Policy\ud

Many Pacific Island communities have traditionally used area and time-based restrictions to facilitate the recovery of marine resources. Although there is increasing recognition of the value of these management systems in conservation programmes, government legislation is often in conflict with community resource allocation systems, and traditional community-based efforts may not be recognised for their contribution to national and international marine protected area (MPA) strategies and targets.\ud \ud This report explores the role of traditional marine resources management in meeting both the goals of communities and those of national and international conservation strategies. Specifically, it looks at how traditional practices are applied in various Pacific Island countries, how concepts such as the ecosystem approach and adaptive management are incorporated, whether traditional marine managed areas (MMAs) are recognised by national law, and how and whether they are seen to contribute to national and international protected areas and conservation targets. The report also reflects on the issue of marine genetic resources, and access to and benefit sharing of these resources

IPBES Invasive Alien Species Assessment: Chapter 2. Figure and data management report

<p>This folder contains the figures included in chapter 2 of the IPBES thematic assessment of invasive alien species and their control. If possible, each figure is provided in png and pdf format. In addition, the R scripts and the data sets required to generate the figures and most tables are provided as well.</p> <p>The figures and tables showing information about alien species numbers or distributions are all based on two data sets, which are stored on Zenodo folders. One data set contains the records of alien species per region worldwide (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554428) and the workflow including R scripts have been published (https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.59.53578). This data set is called the 'chapter database'. Version 2.4.1 of this data set was used to extract the numbers shown in figures and tables of this chapter.  The second data set (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458083) contains coordinates of alien species occurrences worldwide and the workflow including R scripts have also been published elsewhere (https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.74.81082). Version 1.0.1 of this data set was used here.</p> <p>The folder also contains the data management reports for the generation of the chapter database and figures.</p>Data management reports adde

DISCARD_IPBES Invasive Alien Species Assessment: Chapter 2. Figures, tables, captions and data management reports

<p>Figures, tables, captions and data management reports from Chapter 2: Trends and status of alien and invasive alien species. In: Thematic Assessment Report on Invasive Alien Species and their Control of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services.</p&gt

Environmental management of deep-sea chemosynthetic ecosystems: justification of and considerations for a spatially based approach.

Technical Report of the International Seabed Authority.Thirty-one experts in ocean governance, industry and marine scientific research from 14 countries convened from 31 May to 4 June 2010 at the Centre de Recherche et d'Enseignement sur les Systèmes Côtiers (CRESCO) in Dinard, France, in order to: * Formulate general guidelines for the conservation of vent and seep ecosystems at regional and global scales. * Establish a research agenda aimed at improving existing plans for the spatial management of vent and seep ecosystems

Designating networks of chemosynthetic ecosystem reserves in the deep sea

From the moment of their discovery, chemosynthetic ecosystems in the deep sea have held intrinsic scientific value. At the same time that the scientific community is studying chemosynthetic ecosystems other sectors are either engaged in, or planning for, activities that may adversely impact these ecosystems. There is a need and opportunity now to develop conservation strategies for networks of chemosynthetic ecosystem reserves in national and international waters through collaboration among concerned stakeholders