Febrile Seizure and Anemia

ObjectiveConsidering the controversial results in present day literature regarding the relationship between febrile seizures and anemia and the high rate of such seizures in children, this study was conducted to evaluate the association between pediatric febrile seizures and anemia.Material and MethodsIn this case-control study, conducted in 2003, 60 children with febrile seizure(cases) and 60 febrile children without seizure(controls) were evaluated in the Kashan Shahid Beheshti hospital; all patients were matched for age, sex, type of feeding, and use of supplemental iron. Thirty-six (60%) and 39 (65%) of the patients in case and control groups respectively were male, and the remaining female. Levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cell indices were determined in all children and Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used to analyze data.ResultsOf the case group, 13.3% (6 male, 2 female) and of controls, 20% (9 male, 3 female) of children had anemia (p= 0.327), the condition being more common in male children aged over 6 months. Febrile seizures were found to occur mostly between the ages of 6 to 24 months.ConclusionThe risk of febrile seizure occurrence in anemic children seems to be less than that in children who do not suffer from the condition

FEBRILE SEIZURE: RECURRENCE AND RISK FACTORS

Background:Febrile Convulsion is the most common convulsive disorder in children, occurring in 2 to 4% of the pediatric population and recurring in 30- 50% of cases. Considering the varying recurrence rates reported, this study was conducted at the pediatric ward of the Shaheed Beheshti General Hospital, between 2000-2001 to determine the frequency of recurrence and related risk factors in children presenting with their first episode of febrile convulsionMaterials & Methods:A two-year cohort study was performed on 50 children presenting with the first attack of febrile convulsion. Patient demographic data including age, sex, type and duration of seizure, family history of febrile seizure or epilepsy and the interval between fever onset and occurrence of seizure were recorded in questionnaires. Those patients, for whom prophylactic medication was not administered, were followed at three-month intervals for up to one year. Findings were statistically analyzed using Fisher's exact test.Results:Recurrence was observed in twelve children (24%) out of the fifty, being most common in patients aged less than one year (54.4%). Recurrence rates among children with a positive family history of febrile convulsion, presence of complex febrile seizure and positive family history of epilepsy were 42.1%, 42.8% and 25% respectively. From among those children with a "less than one hour" interval between fever onset and occurrence of seizure, recurrence occurred in 43-7% of  cases, while in those with a "more than one hour interval", 14.7% experienced recurrence.Conclusion:Recurrence rates are increased by certain factors including age-below one year-, positive family history of febrile convulsion, and a "less than one hour" interval between time of fever onset and seizure occurrence.Keywords:Febrile Seizure, Recurrence, Risk Factor

Association of Serum Leptin with Prognostic Factors in Breast Cancer

Background: Nowadays, cytokines such as Leptin and adiponectin are introduced as prognostic factors which, according to some studies, are also associated with body mass index. This study aimed to determine serum leptin level and its relationship with prognostic factors in breast cancer patients.Methods: This case–control study was conducted in the oncology department of Tohid Hospital, Sanandaj, Iran, between 2019 and 2020. Hundred new cases of breast cancer patients with histological evidence were enrolled in this study. Additionally, 100 age-and BMI-matched healthy individuals were recruited as the control group. The serum leptin level was measured using the ELISA method.Results: Serum leptin levels were significantly higher in breast cancer patients compared to the control group (21.68 ± 9.16 vs 11.89 ± 4.45; p < 0.001). There was no significant relationship between plasma leptin levels with ER, PR, and HER2 expressions (p > 0.05). Also, no significant associations were noted between leptin levels and grading and disease staging (p > 0.05).Conclusion: The study found that leptin is higher in breast cancer patients than in healthy individuals, however, it did not prove that leptin is a predictive or prognostic factor.Keywords: leptin, breast cancer, staging, gradin

An integrated approach to study the impact of fractures distribution on the Ilam-Sarvak carbonate reservoirs: a case study from the Strait of Hormuz, the Persian Gulf

Most of the Iranian hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Persian Gulf Basin and the Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt are composed of fractured carbonate rocks. In this regard, determining the spatial distribution of fractures has been a challenging issue. In this study, an integrated approach was applied for understanding the impact of fractures spatial distribution on the Ilam-Sarvak (Cenomanian to Santonian) carbonate reservoir rocks. For this purpose, seismic interpretation techniques along with geomechanical and geostatistical modeling were employed to characterize fractures at different scales. Initially, the relationship between fractures origin and the normal faults was investigated by conducting an in-situ stress analysis. Afterwards, the velocity deviation log (VDL) and fracture intensity log (FIL) were derived as fracture attributes from the interpretation of Formation Micro Imager (FMI) and conventional well logs. A 3D model of VDL and FIL was achieved by using a sequential Gaussian simulation (SGS) method. In order to achieve a more realistic and accurate model of the factures distribution, variations of the shear-wave velocity and geomechanical properties (Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio) were estimated by applying the advanced seismic interpretation techniques in the normal faults domain. The results show that the intensity of fractures increases once they are introduced to the normal faults, especially in the central part of the study area around well#2. Such a fractured zone is verified by fracture density log derived from FMI logs of the mentioned well. Obviously, there is a close-knit relationship between the fracture system and the normal faults. Eventually, secondary porosity caused by features was determined though identification of Hydraulic Flow Units (HFUs). Based on the porosity and permeability data, seven HFUs were determined for the Ilam-Sarvak reservoirs. The very high values of Log FZI indicate the possible presence of fractures. Overall, the fractures contributed to enhance the secondary porosity of the reservoir rocks though increasing matrix permeability. To sum up, the fractures system plays a critical role in controlling reservoir properties especially in the hanging-wall of normal faults where the majority of the macro and micro fractures are distributed

Knowledge of Mothers in Management of Diarrhea in Under-Five Children, in Kashan, Iran

Background: Diarrhea has been considered as a major cause of mortality in children aged less than five years old. Most of these deaths are due to dehydration and mis management or delayed management of the disease. Most of the diarrhea episodes are treated in the home by mothers. Therefore the mothers’ knowledge in management of diarrhea is likely related to its mortality and morbidity. Objectives: This study designed to evaluate the knowledge of the mothers with children under five years old about diarrhea and its management and to identify the relation of the knowledge content with some demographic characteristics. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 430 mothers who had at least one child aged below five years old were selected by cluster sampling. The mothers were asked to complete the 22 items questionnaire designed to evaluate their knowledge of diarrhea. Some demographic characteristics such as age, number of children, education of the mother and her spouse and the source of knowledge also were recorded. Subsequently, the data analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test. Results: Most of the mothers were 25-30 years old (43.8%). Slightly more than half (55.6%) had just one child. The health center, educational programs and the personal reading were the main sources of the knowledge about the treatment (43.7%). Twenty eight point eight percent of the mothers had a good knowledge in diarrhea diagnosis and its treatment, while the 46.5% had medium and 24.7% suffered low knowledge. The knowledge of the mothers had significant relationship with the age of the mother, education of the father, number of children, occupation of the mother, and the source of the knowledge. Conclusions: The mothers studied in this research had inadequate knowledge about diagnosis and treatment of diarrhea. The educational programs must be an essential part of the health centers programs

Utjecaj glutaraldehida na svojstva želatinskih filmova

In this work gelatin film was prepared from cow\u27s bone. In order to increase mechanical stability of the prepared transparent film as well as decrease its swelling, glutaraldehyde (GTA) was used. Different mass fractions of GTA were utilized. It was observed that at w = 0.18 % of GTA the load at break of the film is δ= 53.7 N and the solubility decreased. The solubility of the film was measured as a dependant parameter of the swelling behavior. In this case it was decreased from 389 % to 156 % at 5 min for gelatin films without GTA and with 0.18 % GTA, respectively. FTIR spectroscopy results showed a peak for crosslinked gelatin at ΰ = 1650 cm-1. It means the crosslinking between gelatin and GTA has taken place. SEM micrographs confirm the porosity has decreased by increasing the GTA fraction, which is an indication of higher strength.U ovom je radu pripremljen želatinski film od kravlje kosti. Da bi se povećala mehanička stabilnost pripremljenog transparentnog filma kao i smanjilo njegovo bubrenje, upotrijebljen je glutaraldehid (GTA). Upotrijebljeni su različiti maseni udjeli mase GTA. Uočeno je da kod 0,18 % GTA prekidna sila filma iznosi 53,7 N i da se povećala topljivost. Topljivost filma izmjerena je kao parametar ovisan o ponašanju pri bubrenju. U ovom slučaju smanjio se s 389 % na 156 % kod 5 minuta za želatinske filmove bez GTA odn. s 0,18 % GTA. Rezultati spektroskopije FTIR pokazali su maksimum za umreženu želatinu kod 1650 cm-1. To znači da je došlo do umrežavanja između želatine i GTA. Mikroskopske slike SEM potvrđuju da se poroznost smanjila povećanjem dijela GTA, što je pokazatelj veće čvrstoće

Do Infants Using Baby Walkers Suffer Developmental Delays in Acquisition of Motor Skills?

AbstractObjectiveDevelopment is a complex process, completed over a specific period of time, through the maturation of the nervous system. It is affected by genetic, ethnic, nutritional, social, and economic factors; one of the environmental factors affecting the acquisition of motor skills in infants is the use of baby walkers. Since this device is very commonly used for infants in our country, we conducted this study to evaluate its effects on the acquisition of motor skills in this age group of children.Materials & MethodsThis longitudinal study was conducted in 2005 on 300 infants referring to the Primary Health Care Centers of Kashan district in 1384; the infants were divided into two groups of 150 babies each, with the case group using baby walkers, while the other 150, the controls, did not. All babies were followed for two years, and the ages for acquisition of motor skills were documented during face-to face or telephone interviews with the parents. Data were analyzed using the T-test and the Chi Square test.ResultsOf the study population, 175 babies (58.33%) were male. The mean age of acquisition of motor skills including rolling, crawling, moving on hands and feet, sitting without and with help, standing and walking dependently and independently were found to be delayed in infants using baby walkers, a difference between the two groups of walker users and non- walker users that was statistically significant (P<0.001).ConclusionConsidering the adverse effects that walkers have on the acquisition of motor skills in infants, as demonstrated by the results of this study, we do not recommend the use of baby walkers in infants

Comparison of the frequency and complications of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion in patients with septic and aseptic meningitis

Objective Due to the high prevalence of syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH). This study was carried out to evaluate the prevalence and relevant parameters of SIADH in children with septic and aseptic memingitis hospitalized at Kashan Shahid Beheshti Hospital between 1996 and 2006. Materials & Methods This descriptive study was conducted on 230 patients with meningitis hospitalized in the pediatric wards of Kashan Shahid Beheshti Hospital between 1996 and 2006. Relevant information (age, gender, type of meningitis, serum sodium and potassium, urine specific gravity (USG), blood sugar, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinin, hydration condition) was collected from patients' records. Datawas analyzed using Mann-Whitney and K2 tests. Results Out of 230 patients with meningitis, 33 had incomplete records and only 197 patients were recruited for this study. Sixty eight cases (34.5) suffered from SIADH. It was more frequent among 1-2 year old children. According to this research, SIADH was diagnosed in 57 of the 121 patients with hyponatremia, 58.7 of the 167 patients with USG > 1.004, 74 of the 93 patients with serum osmolity < 280 mOs/L and 100 of the patients with BUN < 10 mg. Conclusion Due to the high prevalence of SIADH in septic and aseptic meningitis and its complication, it is recommended to restrict fluid therapy and monitor serum sodium, urine specific gravity and other diagnostic tests for SIADH

Corr4A and VRT325 do not Reduce the Inflammatory Response to P. aeruginosa in Human Cystic Fibrosis Airway Epithelial Cells

P. aeruginosa chronically colonizes the lung in CF patients and elicits a proinflammatory response. Excessive secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 by CF airway cells in response to P. aeruginosa infection in the CF airway is though to contribute to lung injury. Accordingly, the goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that Corr4a and VRT325, investigational compounds that increase ΔF508-CFTR mediated Cl− secretion in human CF airway cells, reduce the pro-inflammatory response to P. aeruginosa