The use of sesame oil in sea bream feeds and its effects on growth and body chemical composition

As fish oil availability declines worldwide and its price rises, there is a growing need to engage in scientific investigations into alternative oil sources for incorporation into fish feeds. This study aimed to determine the effects of dietary sesame oil on the growth performance, feed utilization, and nutritional composition of sea bream (*Sparus aurata*). Twenty-five individual fish (initial mean weight: 32.38±0.27 g) were placed in each tank in triplicate. Four experimental fish meal-based (iso-proteic 49% and iso-lipidic 20%) diets were formulated; the control (C) group contains 100% of fish oil (FO) and varying amounts (20, 40, 60%) of sesame oil (SO). During the 75-day experiment, the fish were fed 3 times a day, and the mean ambient temperature and dissolved oxygen values were measured as 22.5±0.5°C and 6.8±0.3 mg/L, respectively. At the beginning of the experiment, 20 fish were sampled to determine their nutrient composition and somatic indexes. In the end, 4 fish were collected for the same procedures and 4 for each tank's muscle and liver fatty acid compositions. At the end of the study, the S60 group exhibited the lowest final weight (FW) and feed utilization parameters. On the other hand, there were no statistical differences between FO, SO20, and SO40 in terms of FW. In addition, the SO40 group had the best feed conversion ratio (FCR) among the groups (P\<0.05). The whole-body lipid compositions of the groups were different. The highest lipid level was found in SO40 with 15.83±0.36%. Muscle and liver fatty acid composition was significantly affected by the fatty acid profile of experimental feeds. While total ω-6 fatty acids were higher in the SO groups than in group C, total ω-3 fatty acids were higher in the C group compared to the SO groups (P\<0.05). The ω-3/ω-6 ratios in the SO20 and SO40 groups showed similarity, while the highest ratio was observed in the control group (P\<0.05). As a result, according to data obtained from our study, it is predicted that 40% SO could be added to sea bream feed instead of FO in terms of growth performance, feed utilization, and nutritional composition

Hatchery performance in a major rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792) seed production area of Turkey

This study aims to determine the production characteristics and performance of rainbow trout hatcheries in Seydikemer, Muğla, Turkey where over half of the total production of eyed eggs and juveniles take place. For this purpose six hatcheries with different production scales were selected and coded A, B, C, D, E and F (with capacities of 60, 15, 5.6, 4, 0.95 and 0.6 million juveniles per year, respectively). From each hatchery, 20 females were selected and their egg qualities (egg number, diameter and weight, fertilization, eyed egg, hatching, swim-up fry and survival rates at 120 days after hatching) and juvenile growth rates were monitored until the 120th day after hatching under each farms own conditions. The sperm characteristics of 10 broodstock males from each hatchery were also examined. Although fertilization and eyed egg rates were similar among the farms, hatching, swim-up fry, and survival rates at the 120th day after hatching differed significantly. The average eyed egg, hatching and survival rates (calculated from selected 20 females) were 72, 55, and 32%, respectively. While sperm characteristics except duration of motility (s), were significantly different among the farms, average sperm concentration (per ml), motility (%) and duration of motility (s) in the region were 11.8 × 109, 55.3, and 56.4, respectively. The best hatchery performance was observed in Farm A because of better records and management applications than in the other farms. © 2016 Blackwell Verlag Gmb

Economic contributions of the Ottoman Bank in the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish Republic

WOS: 000444369900013The Ottoman Bank had a special place in the Ottoman Empire during the development of monetary and credit institutions. Founded in 1863, the Ottoman Bank functioned as the central bank for many subjects in the Ottoman Empire, and the bank is an interesting example of the role of foreign capital control over finance and the economy. The Ottoman Bank handled treasury operations until the establishment of the Central Bank and continued to protect the state bank statue. In this chapter, the duties and economic effects of the Ottoman Bank, which started in the Ottoman Empire and continued in the Republic of Turkey, will be discussed in the historical process

Principal Elements of the Ottoman State-Formation Process through an Eliasian Perspective

WOS: 00034314080000

Making Things to Serve Sultans, Viziers and Army Commanders (1450-1800)

Ottoman documents on manufactures for court and army concentrate on governmental initiatives. However, the time has come to view these branches of production in a broader, comparative perspective, focusing on the demands of the sultan’s officials and the actions of skilled persons working for the apparatus of empire. As for the production of military hardware, the demands of eighteenthcentury warfare fell most heavily on the more prosperous workshops; and the lack of working capital became a permanent worry after the Russo- Ottoman war of 1768–74. However, until about 1750, the sultans’ military machine was still ahead of the Russians in the supply of armaments and foodstuffs. Technology and the lack of manufacturing skills, thus, were not at issue when Ottoman armies suffered defeat