The P-Loop Domain of Yeast Clp1 Mediates Interactions Between CF IA and CPF Factors in Pre-mRNA 3′ End Formation

Cleavage factor IA (CF IA), cleavage and polyadenylation factor (CPF), constitute major protein complexes required for pre-mRNA 3′ end formation in yeast. The Clp1 protein associates with Pcf11, Rna15 and Rna14 in CF IA but its functional role remained unclear. Clp1 carries an evolutionarily conserved P-loop motif that was previously shown to bind ATP. Interestingly, human and archaean Clp1 homologues, but not the yeast protein, carry 5′ RNA kinase activity. We show that depletion of Clp1 in yeast promoted defective 3′ end formation and RNA polymerase II termination; however, cells expressing Clp1 with mutant P-loops displayed only minor defects in gene expression. Similarly, purified and reconstituted mutant CF IA factors that interfered with ATP binding complemented CF IA depleted extracts in coupled in vitro transcription/3′ end processing reactions. We found that Clp1 was required to assemble recombinant CF IA and that certain P-loop mutants failed to interact with the CF IA subunit Pcf11. In contrast, mutations in Clp1 enhanced binding to the 3′ endonuclease Ysh1 that is a component of CPF. Our results support a structural role for the Clp1 P-loop motif. ATP binding by Clp1 likely contributes to CF IA formation and cross-factor interactions during the dynamic process of 3′ end formation

Opakowania produktow mleczarskich w opinii konsumentow

W niniejszej pracy zaprezentowano wyniki badań przeprowadzonych wśród 499 konsumentów z rejonu Polski południowo-wschodniej, dotyczące opinii o opakowaniach produktów mleczarskich. Celem badań było ustalenie wizerunku opakowań produktów mleczarskich poprzez wskazanie najważniejszych czynników decydujących o wyborze danego rodzaju opakowania oraz poznanie konsumenckich opinii na temat informacji na opakowaniach. Badania przeprowadzono metodą ankietową. Wyniki badań wskazują, że największy wpływ na pozytywny wizerunek opakowań ma dbałość o funkcjonalność opakowania oraz wyraźne eksponowanie informacji o terminie przydatności do spożycia.The aim of this paper was to present the consumers' opinion on the image of dairy products packaging and to show the most important factors which decided about choice of kind of packaging as well as to recognize the opinions about information on packaging. The investigations were carried by inquiry method in south-east region of Poland. The functionality of packages and the exposition of the information about term of consumption had the greatest influence on the positive perception of packaging

The first description of gastric Helicobacter in free-ranging wild boar [Sus scrofa] from Poland

Specimens of gastric mucosa of 17 free-ranging wild boars (Sus scrofa) shot in the Central Poland during 2007/2008 hunting season were investigated for the presence of Helicobacter species. Histopathology, Helicobacter genus-specific 16S rRNA PCR, and DNA sequence analysis were employed. In PCR analysis the presence of Helicobacter's DNA was detected in one stomach. Obtained sequence analysis showed its relatedness to Helicobacter heilmannii type 2. In histopathology of the PCR-positive sample the presence of tightly coiled spiral bacteria was detected on the surface of the antral mucosa, in gastric pits and lumen of the upper parts of antral glands. Potential pathologic significance of the presence of Helicobacter in the stomach of free-ranging wild boars was obscured by the parasitic invasion-caused gastritis, and remains unknown

Pengaruh LKPD Berbasis Discovery terhadap Berpikir Kritis Matematis Siswa melalui Google Classroom

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui informasi apakah terdapat perbedaan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis antara peserta didik yang belajar menggunakan LKPD berbasis discovery dalam PJJ dengan Google Classroom dan peserta didik yang belajar PJJ konvensional dengan Google Classroom. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuasi eksperimen dengan populasi seluruh peserta didik SMA Negeri 98 Jakarta pada tahun ajaran 2019/2020 dengan sampel yang terdiri dari 72 peserta didik di kelas XI. Data yang digunakan diperoleh dari hasil posttest kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis. Analisis hasil posttest kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis menggunakan uji-t. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis peserta didik yang belajar menggunakan LKPD berbasis discovery dalam PJJ dengan Google Classroom lebih tinggi dari pada peserta didik yang belajar PJJ konvensional dengan Google Classroom. Oleh karena itu, penggunaan LKPD berbasis discovery dalam PJJ dengan Google Classroom cukup berpengaruh pada kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis peserta didik sebesar 77,63%

Fatty acid efficiency profile in uncoupling of Acanthamoeba castellanii mitochondria.

A profile of free fatty acid (FFA) specificity in Acanthamoeba castellanii mitochondrial uncoupling is described. The FFA uncoupling specificity was observed as different abilities to stimulate resting respiration, to decrease resting membrane potential, and to decrease oxidative phosphorylation efficiency. Tested unsaturated FFA (C18-20) were more effective as uncouplers and protonophores when compared to tested saturated FFA (C8-18), with palmitic acid (C16:0) as the most active. As FFA efficiency in mitochondrial uncoupling is related to physiological changes of fatty acid composition (and thereby FFA availability) during growth of amoeba cells, it could be a way to regulate the activity of an uncoupling protein and thereby the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation during a cell life of this unicellular organism