To Assess Sleep Quality among Pakistani Junior Physicians (House Officers): A Cross‑sectional Study

Background: Sleep deprivation among junior physicians (house officers) is of growing concern. In developed countries, duty hours are now mandated, but in developing countries, junior physicians are highly susceptible to develop sleep impairment due to long working hours, on‑call duties and shift work schedule. Aim: We undertook the study to assess sleep quality among Pakistani junior physicians. Subjects and Methods: A cross‑sectional study was conducted at private and public hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan, from June 2012 to January 2013. The study population comprised of junior doctors (house physicians and house surgeons). A consecutive sample of 350 physicians was drawn from the above‑mentioned study setting. The subject underwent two validated self‑administered questionnaires, that is, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Results: A total of 334 physicians completely filled out the questionnaire with a response rate of 95.4% (334/350). Of 334 physicians, 36.8% (123/334) were classified as “poor sleepers” (global PSQI score > 5). Poor sleep quality was associated with female gender (P = 0.01), excessive daytime sleepiness (P < 0.01), lower total sleep time (P < 0.001), increased sleep onset latency (P < 0.001), and increased frequency of sleep disturbances (P < 0.001). Abnormal ESS scores (ESS > 10) were more prevalent among poor sleepers (P < 0.01) signifying increased level of daytime hypersomnolence.Conclusion: Sleep quality among Pakistani junior physicians is significantly poor. Efforts must be directed towards proper sleep hygiene education. Regulations regarding duty hour limitations need to be considered.Keywords: Epworth sleepiness scale, Excessive daytime sleepiness, House officers, Junior physicians, Pittsburgh sleep quality index, Poor sleepers, Sleep disturbances, Sleep qualit

The down side of choice : having a choice benefits enjoyment but at a cost to efficiency and time in visual search

The efficiency of how people search for an item in visual search has, traditionally, been thought to depend on bottom-up or top-down guidance cues. However, recent research has shown that the rate people visually search through a display is also affected by cognitive strategies. This paper investigates the role of choice in visual search, by asking whether giving people a choice alters both preference for a cognitively neutral task and search behaviour. Two visual search conditions were examined: one where participants were given a choice of visual search task (the Choice condition) and one where participants did not have a choice (the No Choice condition). The results found that participants in the Choice condition rated the task as both more enjoyable and likeable than participants in the No Choice condition. However, despite their preferences, actual search performance in the Choice condition was slower and less efficient compared to the No Choice condition (Experiment 1). Experiment 2 showed that the difference in search performance between the Choice and No Choice conditions disappeared when central executive processes became occupied with a task-switching task. The data concur with a choice impaired hypothesis of search where having a choice leads to more motivated, active search involving executive processes

The Relationship between Parenting Style and Social-Emotional Development of Early Childhood at RA Al-Maunah Gebang Anom Semarang

The main problem of early childhood learning is social-emotional development. This learning becomes the basis for other intelligence. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between parenting parents with emotional social development in early childhood. The researcher's approach is quantitative using a cross sectional approach, which is observation in one time. Data collection uses parenting questionnaire and KMME. The data obtained can be important for normality and reliability testing. Normality test is done to find out whether the data used in the study has a normal distribution and the results of the reliability test for all research variables have a Cronbach alpha value of> 0.60 so that it can be said that the instruments in this study are reliable and feasible to use. The results of this study indicate the relationship of parenting parents with social emotional development in early childhood, the chi square results show that the value of the Chi-Square Test symptom is P = 0.01

Peran Pemangku Kepentingan dalam Realisasi Konsep Waterfront City di Kota Palembang

Penataan ruang khususnya di tepian Sungai Musi, menjadi hal penting bagi pemerintah Kota Palembang. Hal ini terlihat dari isi dokumen Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah tahun 2012 – 2032 Kota Palembang mengenai konsep penataan ruang waterfront city. Penataan ruang ini menjadikan kawasan Sungai Musi sebagai tempat rekreasi, pelabuhan, permukiman, komersial, dan restoran. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka tujuan penelitian untuk mendeskripsikan penerapan konsep waterfront city di Kota Palembang dan memetakan peran stakeholder (masyarakat, swasta, dan pemerintah) dalam konsep waterfront city melalui prinsip menurut Nicholas Falk (2002).Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif – kuantitatif, yaitu dengan mendeskripsikan kondisi lapangan serta melakukan perhitungan prinsip-prinsip berdasarkan konsep waterfront city menurut Nicholas Falk (2002). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemerintah telah melaksanakan beberapa program dalam penataan kawasan tepian Sungai Musi yang meliputi penyediaan sarana dan prasarana kota, ruang publik, Perumahan, wc komunal, dan IPAL. Adapun juga peran pemangku kepentingan dihitung dengan prinsip waterfront dengan hasil pihak pemerintah yang lebih merealisasikan konsep waterfront dibandingkan dengan pihak masyarakat dan swasta

Analisis Spatial Behavior ‘Foodies' Dalam Memilih Restoran Di Daerah Istimewa YOGYAKARTA Menggunakan Geo-location Pada Jejaring Sosial Twitter

Berdasarkan tren kegiatan makan di luar dan fenomena penggunaan sosial media, penelitian ini memiliki tujuan diantaranya, memetakan pola persebaran lokasi restoran yang dikunjungi pengunjung berdasarkan data geo-location tweets pada Twitter, memetakan perilaku spasial foodie dalam kegiatan makan di luar, dan menganalisa karakteristik Foodie dalam memilih restoran. Data diperoleh melalui Twitter dan hasil kuisioner online. Data diolah menggunakan metode pemetaan uji komparatif uji-t. Hasil memperlihatkan bahwa, terdapat 4 (empat) klaster utama yang menjadi pusat tweet kegiatan makan di luar di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Secara umum Foodie di DIY cenderung memilih restoran yang menawarkan cita rasa dan menyukai makanan-makanan etnis tertentu. Dalam pergerakannya, rata-rata foodie mampu menempuh jarak sejauh 6,53km untuk menuju ke restoran yang ingin mereka kunjungi dengan kecenderungan pergerakan menuju ke wilayah Kawasan Perkotaan Yogyakarta

Analisis Spatial Behavior ‘Foodies\u27 Dalam Memilih Restoran Di Daerah Istimewa YOGYAKARTA Menggunakan Geo-location Pada Jejaring Sosial Twitter

Berdasarkan tren kegiatan makan di luar dan fenomena penggunaan sosial media, penelitian ini memiliki tujuan diantaranya, memetakan pola persebaran lokasi restoran yang dikunjungi pengunjung berdasarkan data geo-location tweets pada Twitter, memetakan perilaku spasial foodie dalam kegiatan makan di luar, dan menganalisa karakteristik Foodie dalam memilih restoran. Data diperoleh melalui Twitter dan hasil kuisioner online. Data diolah menggunakan metode pemetaan uji komparatif uji-t. Hasil memperlihatkan bahwa, terdapat 4 (empat) klaster utama yang menjadi pusat tweet kegiatan makan di luar di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Secara umum Foodie di DIY cenderung memilih restoran yang menawarkan cita rasa dan menyukai makanan-makanan etnis tertentu. Dalam pergerakannya, rata-rata foodie mampu menempuh jarak sejauh 6,53km untuk menuju ke restoran yang ingin mereka kunjungi dengan kecenderungan pergerakan menuju ke wilayah Kawasan Perkotaan Yogyakarta

Activation of lineage-regulators and transposable elements across a pluripotent spectrum

Embryonic stem cells (ESC) are characterised by the pluripotent capacity to generate all embryonic lineages. Here we show ESC can occupy a spectrum of distinct transcriptional and epigenetic states in response to varied extrinsic conditions. This spectrum broadly corresponds to a developmental continuum of pluripotency and is coupled with a gradient of increasing global DNA methylation. Each pluripotent state is linked with activation of distinct classes of transposable elements (TE), which in turn influence ESC through generating chimeric transcripts. Moreover, varied ESC culture parameters differentially license heterogeneous activation of master lineageregulators, including Sox1, Gata4 or Blimp1, and influence differentiation. Activation of Blimp1 is prevalent in 2i (without-LIF) conditions, and marks a dynamic primordial germ cell (PGC)-like sub-state, that is directly repressed by Klf4 downstream of LIF/STAT3 signalling. Thus, extrinsic cues establish a spectrum of pluripotent states, in part by modulating sub-populations, as well as directing the transcriptome, epigenome, and TE.Funding for this study came from a Wellcome Trust program grant (to M.A.S.), and Cancer Research UK (C6946/A14492)/Wellcome Trust (092096) core grants

A Study to Assess the Relationship between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults

The association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is well-established in children. However, there is a paucity of literature regarding this association in adults. The aim of this study was to determine if ADHD is more common in adult patients with OSA. All patients referred to a sleep center for sleep evaluation were administered the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale and diagnostic polysomnogram. The ADHD screen is considered positive if 4 of 6 questions in part A of the screening questionnaire were answered abnormally. The study population consisted of 194 participants, predominantly male (62%), Caucasian (54%), and Hispanic (44%). OSA was identified in 160 (83%) of participants, with 116 (60%) having moderate to severe OSA. The ADHD screen was positive in 37 (19%) of participants. There was no significant association between the severity of OSA and presence of ADHD symptoms. Patients with OSA who screened positive for ADHD had higher Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores than those that did not. These data suggest that ADHD is more prevalent in patients with OSA, but do not demonstrate a relationship between OSA severity and ADHD symptoms. Interestingly, sleepiness is more prominent in patients with ADHD

Persepsi Masyarakat terhadap Rencana Pengembangan Kawasan Industri Sentolo di Kabupaten Kulon Progo

Rencana pengembangan Kawasan Industri Sentolo merupakan salah satu isu strategis yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Namun, selain peran besar dari pemerintah, keterlibatan masyarakat tentu sangat dibutuhkan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk a) mengetahui sejauh mana realisasi pembangunan Kawasan Industri Sentolo, b) mengetahui persepsi masyarakat terhadap rencana pengembangan Kawasan Industri Sentolo, dan c) mengetahui peran rencana pengembangan kawasan industri terhadap kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatf dan kuantitatif. Pengambilan data secara in-depth interview terhadap 2 (dua) keyperson dan menggunakan kuesioner terhadap 95 responden. Data diolah menggunakan perangkat lunak SPSS.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan kawasan industri pada tahap pengadaan lahan oleh Perusahaan pengelola kawasan industri. Persepsi masyarakat menunjukkan bahwa adanya dukungan dari masyarakat, namun masyarakat masih belum siap menghadapi kawasan industri dalam pengelolaan lingkungan dan pengalaman serta pendidikan masyarakat di bidang industri. Kawasan industri menurut masyarakat akan memberikan peran positif dan akan meningkatkan status sosial masyarakat

Tracing the Transitions from Pluripotency to Germ Cell Fate with CRISPR Screening

Early mammalian development entails transit through naïve pluripotency towards post-implantation epiblast, which subsequently gives rise to primordial germ cells (PGC), the founding germline population. To investigate these cell fate transitions, we developed a compound-reporter to track cellular identity in a model of PGC specification (PGC-like cells;PGCLC), and coupled it with genome-wide CRISPR-screening. We identify key genes both for exit from pluripotency and for acquisition of PGC fate, and characterise a central role for the transcription-regulators Nr5a2 and Zfp296 in germline ontogeny. Abrogation of these genes results in widespread activation (Nr5a2-/-) or inhibition (Zfp296-/-) of WNT-pathway factors in PGCLC. This leads to aberrant upregulation of the somatic programme or failure to activate germline-genes, respectively, and consequently loss of germ cell identity. Our study places Zfp296 and Nr5a2 as key components of an expanded PGC gene regulatory network, and outlines a transferable strategy for identifying critical regulators of complex cell fate decisions