Kajian Bahan Humat untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi Pemupukan Npk pada Bibit Kelapa Sawit di Tanah Sulfat Masam

The opportunity of agribusiness palm oil plantation related to the increased of plam oil demand in the world. The business of palm oil plantation in Indonesia now is facing the limited land resources. Development of palm oil plantation to sub optimals lands such as acid sulphate soils were estimated in 2.0 millions hectares in Indonesia. The palm oil cultures in acid sulphate soils need the appropriate of inputs and efficiency based in land characteristics. Glass house experiments was conducted with randomized complete designs with three replications. An experiments consisted of two sub aactivities i.e combination of NPK dosage with humic matterial application methods. Each treatment consisted 30 plant/polybag so that totals 720 plants/polybag, Sub activity 1 (Humic matterial coated on NPK fertilizers) : a) 100 % NPK + no humic coating 0 % , b) 100 % NPK + humic coated 0,5 %, c) 75 % NPK + humic coated 1,0 %, d) 50% NPK + humic coated 2%. Humic applicated in % (v/w). Sub activities 2 (application of humic liquid was sprayed). : were kind of four of treatments (1) 100 % NPK 100 % with out humic, (2) 100 % NPK + humic (liquid) 3 cc/plant, (3) 75 % NPK + Humic (liquid) 3 cc/plant, and (4) 50% NPK + humic (liquid) 6 cc/plant.. Application of humic was sprayed suited in on each treatments 20 times equivalent 1 – 2 liters, humic acid was diluted in 20 l water was applicatid in polybags eachs 3 – 4 weeks. Parameter were observed in soil chemical characteristics before planting, plants growth (plant height, plant diameters and leaf numbers per plant) and leaf macronutrient contents such as N, P, K, Ca and Mg. Data were collected by using variant analized. Differents of the treatments were tested by DMRT0.05. Result showed that (1) Fertilizer appplied 75% NPK recommended + liquid humic 1% (v/w) (coated) better than to increase of plant height, plant diameters and leaf numbers of palm oil at 6 and 7 month ago compared to others.(2) Applicaton of 75% NPK with sprayed 3 cc humic per plant will increased the plant height most, plant diameters and leaf numbers at age of 6 and 7 month ago than the others. (3) Applivcation of humic matter 1% (v/w) (coated) at 75 % NPK better than application of 75 % NPK applied + humic (liquid) 3 cc per plant that was sprayed in the soil polybag on plant height, diameter plant and number of leaf per plant and to increase of N, P and K content of the plant. Key words : Humic matter, fertilizer, palm oil, acid sulphate soils

Kajian Pemanfaatan Air Pasang dan Ameliorasi terhadap Pelarutan Senyawa Toksik dan Hasil Padi Sawah di Tanah Gambut

The goal of this research was study on the USAge of tidal water swamps and amelioration on silute of toxsic substance, growth and yield of rice on peat soils. Field experimental was conducted in Pangkoh X Bloch A (Kanamid Jaya village), Kapus District, Central Kalimantan in 2015 DS on peats soil, sapric degree maturity with 60 cm thickness. Factorial experiments were arraged in Spli-split plots designs with foor replications. As a mains plot (USAge of tidal water) i,e application of neap tide conserve in sawah plots, flushing water one day befor neap tide next periods (L1) and application of tidal water in neap tide period conseve water one days (24 hours) on sawah plots and flushing water naturaly (Lo). Sub plots (A) two ameliorant and fertilizers level) i.e 4,85 t dolomit + 5,96 t farm yard manure + 119 kg Urea + 119 kg SP 36 + 80 kg KCl/ha (A1) and 50 kg urea + 50 kg SP 36 per ha as a control (Ao). Sub-sub plots (varieties) consisted Martapura and IR 66. Minimum tillage was conducted in plot size 5 m x 6 m, ameliorant was applied in the soil 2 weeks before planting. Seedling were transplanted by 25 days after sowing at 25 cm x 25 cm plant spacing. An experimental were conducted in two seasons i,e wet seasons (WS) and dry seasons (DS). Second experimental were conducted to add urea fertilizer only such as farmer practices. Parameters were colected i.e (a) peat chemichal properties such as Soil-pH, Ecm Avl-P, Exch-H, Exch-Al and Excaheble base such as Ca, Mg, K and Na, (b) Toxsic substant dilute such as H+, Al+3 dan Fe+2-dillute at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after planting (WAP). (c) Yield component and yield rice (conversion of kernel weight at plot size 2,5 m x 2,5 m in a hectares on 14 % water contents. Research result showed that (a) interaction of USAge of tidal water at neap tide was conserve in sawah plots during 24 hours and flushing water naturaly (L1) with ameliorant and fertilizer levels (A1) equivalent (4.800 dolomite + 5.860 FYM +119 urea + 119 SP36+79,5 KCl) kg.ha-1 on sparic peats to increase water-pH-air disolved, and to decrease of dilute acidity (disolved-H and disolved-Al) and disolved-Fe.(b) The USAge water tide was conserve in sawah plots until one day before next neap tide periods.(Lo) gave rice yield of IR 66 about 3,600 t.ha-1 or to increase 19,50% higher rice yield of Martapura were supported by high of yield component and plant dry weight (c) Application of ameliorant and fertilizer levels (A1) in IR variety gave rice yield 4,360 t.ha-1 on WS and 2,670 t.ha-1 on DS more higher compared to rice yield of CV. Martapura

ANALISA GENERATOR 3 PHASA TIPE MAGNET PERMANEN DENGAN PENGGERAK MULA TURBIN ANGIN PROPELLER 3 BLADE UNTUK PLTB

Generator adalah suatu alat yang dapat mengubah energi mekanik menjadi energi listrik.  Generator 3 phasa magnet permanen yang digunakan dalam penelitian memiliki teknologi cogging-less. Generator tipe ini dirancang untuk PLTB dimana angin didaerah tersebut memang dalam kategori sedang tapi kontinyu. Pengujian generator 3 phasa dengan variasi beban 3 kecepatan angin yaitu kecepatan 3 m/s sampai dengan 5 m/s. Hasil pengujian berupa grafik dan tabel data perhitungan. Efisiensi tertinggi 24,12 % pada daya 36,516 Watt dan efisiensi terendah 15,24 % pada daya 54,708 Watt. Kata kunci : Genertor 3 phasa, Efisiensi

Particles with selective wetting affect spinodal decomposition microstructures

We have used mesoscale simulations to study the effect of immobile particles on microstructure formation during spinodal decomposition in ternary mixtures such as polymer blends. Specifically, we have explored a regime of interparticle spacings (which are a few times the characteristic spinodal length scale) in which we might expect interesting new effects arising from interactions among wetting, spinodal decomposition and coarsening. In this paper, we report three new effects for systems in which the particle phase has a strong preference for being wetted by one of the components (say, A). In the presence of particles, microstructures are not bicontinuous in a symmetric mixture. An asymmetric mixture, on the other hand, first forms a non-bicontinuous microstructure which then evolves into a bicontinuous one at intermediate times. Moreover, while wetting of the particle phase by the preferred component (A) creates alternating A-rich and B-rich layers around the particles, curvature-driven coarsening leads to shrinking and disappearance of the first A-rich layer, leaving a layer of the non-preferred component in contact with the particle. At late simulation times, domains of the matrix components coarsen following the Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner law, $R_1(t) \sim t^{1/3}$.Comment: Accepted for publication in PCCP on 24th May 201

Hukum Sedekah dalam Konteks Kewenangan Peradilan Agama

Kompetensi Peradilan Agama meliputi bidang-bidang perkawinan, kewarisan, wasiat dan hibah, wakaf dan sedekah. Bidang hukum perkawinan, uraian hukum terapannya telah di unifikasi dan dikodifikasi secara tuntas dalam Undang-undang Nomor 1 tahun 1974, Peraturan pemerintah Nomor 9 tahun 1975, Bab I Kompilasi Hukum Islam. Bidang hukum kewarisan, Wasiat dan hibah telah diatur dalam Buku TI KHI, dan bidang perwakafan juga telah diatur dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 28 tahun 1977 jo Undang-undang Nomor 41 tahun 2004, KHI Buku III dan peraturan lain, tetapi bidang hukum sedekah yang telah dipatok sebagai bidang garapan Peradilan Agama itu belum disiapkan dan belum dilengkapi dengan buku-buku terapan sebagai acuan yuridis yang dapat memberikan kepastian hukum bagi para pencari keadilan. Di sisi lain Undang-undang Peradilan Agama memperingatkan agar Peradilan Agama tidak menolak untuk memeriksa dan memutuskan perkara sedekar yang diajukan kepadanya dengan dalil bahwa hukum tidak atau kurang jelas, melainkan wajib memeriksa dan memutuskannya dengan cara menggali nilai-nilai hukum yang hidup dalam masyarakat (Pasal 229 KHI). Dalam tulisan ini pembahasan akan difokuskan pada ruang lingkup sedekah yang merupakan kewenangan absolut Peradilan Agama dan bagaimana penyelesaian konfliknya. Kesimpulan: bahwa ruang lingkup sedekah menjangkau segala bentuk ibadah Maliyah wajibah dan sunnah, minus bentuk-bentuk sedekah yang telah terlegalisasi dalam peraturan Perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Penyelesaian sengketa sedekah diajukan ke pengadilan Agama menurut ketentuan hukum acara perdata yang berlaku. Yang berkualitas sebagai penggugat/para penggugat dalam gugatan sedekah ialah: 8 asnaf yang ada, mutashaddaq atau ahli warisnya, pejabat yang berwenang dan pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan. Keywords : Hukum sedekah, Peradilan Agam

The dominant spin relaxation mechanism in compound organic semiconductors

Despite the recent interest in "organic spintronics", the dominant spin relaxation mechanism of electrons or holes in an organic compound semiconductor has not been conclusively identified. There have been sporadic suggestions that it might be hyperfine interaction caused by background nuclear spins, but no confirmatory evidence to support this has ever been presented. Here, we report the electric-field dependence of the spin diffusion length in an organic spin-valve structure consisting of an Alq3 spacer layer, and argue that this data, as well as available data on the temperature dependence of this length, contradict the notion that hyperfine interactions relax spin. Instead, they suggest that the Elliott-Yafet mechanism, arising from spin-orbit interaction, is more likely the dominant spin relaxing mechanism.Comment: Accepted for publication in Physical Review

Influence of band structure effects on domain-wall resistance in diluted ferromagnetic semiconductors

Intrinsic domain-wall resistance (DWR) in (Ga,Mn)As is studied theoretically and compared to experimental results. The recently developed model of spin transport in diluted ferromagnetic semiconductors [Van Dorpe et al., Phys. Rev. B 72, 205322 (2005)] is employed. The model combines the disorder-free Landauer-B\"uttiker formalism with the tight-binding description of the host band structure. The obtained results show how much the spherical 4x4 kp model [Nguyen, Shchelushkin, and Brataas, cond-mat/0601436] overestimates DWR in the adiabatic limit, and reveal the dependence of DWR on the magnetization profile and crystallographic orientation of the wall.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. B - Rapid Com

Spin relaxation of "upstream" electrons in quantum wires: Failure of the drift diffusion model

The classical drift diffusion (DD) model of spin transport treats spin relaxation via an empirical parameter known as the ``spin diffusion length''. According to this model, the ensemble averaged spin of electrons drifting and diffusing in a solid decays exponentially with distance due to spin dephasing interactions. The characteristic length scale associated with this decay is the spin diffusion length. The DD model also predicts that this length is different for ``upstream'' electrons traveling in a decelerating electric field than for ``downstream'' electrons traveling in an accelerating field. However this picture ignores energy quantization in confined systems (e.g. quantum wires) and therefore fails to capture the non-trivial influence of subband structure on spin relaxation. Here we highlight this influence by simulating upstream spin transport in a multi-subband quantum wire, in the presence of D'yakonov-Perel' spin relaxation, using a semi-classical model that accounts for the subband structure rigorously. We find that upstream spin transport has a complex dynamics that defies the simplistic definition of a ``spin diffusion length''. In fact, spin does not decay exponentially or even monotonically with distance, and the drift diffusion picture fails to explain the qualitative behavior, let alone predict quantitative features accurately. Unrelated to spin transport, we also find that upstream electrons undergo a ``population inversion'' as a consequence of the energy dependence of the density of states in a quasi one-dimensional structure.Comment: 13 figures. To appear in Phys. Rev.

KAJIAN BAHAN HUMAT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN EFISIENSI PEMUPUKAN NPK PADA BIBIT KELAPA SAWIT DI TANAH SULFAT MASAM

The opportunity of agribusiness palm oil plantation related to the increased of plam oil demand in the world. The business of palm oil plantation in Indonesia now is facing the limited land resources. Development of palm oil plantation to sub optimals lands such as acid sulphate soils were estimated in 2.0 millions hectares in Indonesia. The palm oil cultures in acid sulphate soils need the appropriate of inputs and efficiency based in land characteristics. Glass house experiments was conducted with randomized complete designs with three replications. An experiments consisted of two sub aactivities i.e combination of NPK dosage with humic matterial application methods. Each treatment consisted 30 plant/polybag so that totals 720 plants/polybag, Sub activity 1 (Humic matterial coated on NPK fertilizers) : a) 100 % NPK + no humic coating 0 % , b) 100 % NPK + humic coated 0,5 %, c) 75 % NPK + humic coated 1,0 %, d) 50% NPK + humic coated 2%. Humic applicated in % (v/w). Sub activities 2 (application of humic liquid was sprayed). : were kind of four of treatments (1) 100 % NPK 100 % with out humic, (2) 100 % NPK + humic (liquid) 3 cc/plant, (3) 75 % NPK + Humic (liquid) 3 cc/plant, and (4) 50% NPK + humic (liquid) 6 cc/plant.. Application of humic was sprayed suited in on each treatments 20 times equivalent 1 – 2 liters, humic acid was diluted in 20 l water was applicatid in polybags eachs 3 – 4 weeks. Parameter were observed in soil chemical characteristics before planting, plants growth (plant height, plant diameters and leaf numbers per plant) and leaf macronutrient contents such as N, P, K, Ca and Mg. Data were collected by using variant analized. Differents of the treatments were tested by DMRT0.05. Result showed that (1) Fertilizer appplied 75% NPK recommended + liquid humic 1% (v/w) (coated) better than to increase of plant height, plant diameters and leaf numbers of palm oil at 6 and 7 month ago compared to others.(2) Applicaton of 75% NPK with sprayed 3 cc humic per plant will increased the plant height most, plant diameters and leaf numbers at age of 6 and 7 month ago than the others. (3) Applivcation of humic matter 1% (v/w) (coated) at 75 % NPK better than application of 75 % NPK applied + humic (liquid) 3 cc per plant that was sprayed in the soil polybag on plant height, diameter plant and number of leaf per plant and to increase of N, P and K content of the plant. Key words : Humic matter, fertilizer, palm oil, acid sulphate soils