Hearing evaluation of Portuguese school communities: School-based Audiology versus Hearing Screening

Objectivo: Estudo da incidência da perda auditiva e de problemas otológicos em comunidades escolares do Norte do país de um total de 2550 participantes, entre os 3 e os 17 anos de idade. Desenho do Estudo: Levantamento estatístico nas próprias instituições de ensino sendo realizado um protocolo de avaliação auditiva de rastreio. Material e Métodos: A todos os participantes foi realizado o mesmo protocolo de avaliação que consistiu numa anamnese audiológica, otoscopia e exame audiométrico de rastreio, sendo considerado como critério de inclusão a autorização prévia por parte do encarregado de educação. Resultados: Foram identificados diversos problemas otológicos e a audiometria tonal de rastreio contabilizou limiares auditivos indicativos de hipoacusia, uni e bilateralmente, em cerca de 5,7% dos casos. Conclusões: O rastreio auditivo deve ser realizado o mais precocemente possível e fazer parte integral dos cuidados de saúde primários, de modo a orientar a criança para uma educação e acompanhamento apropriados.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Self-generated urban networks through digital physical simulation based on Frei Otto’s form-finding processes

Presently there is a progressive tendency to incorporate simulation and parametric design strategies in urban planning and design. Although the computational technologies that allow it are recent, fundamental theories and thinking processes behind it can be traced back to the work conducted at the Institute for Lightweight Structures (IL) in Stuttgart, between the 1960’s and 1980’s. This paper describes an experimental urban research work centred on Frei Otto's thoughts on unplanned settlements and spatial processes, and on the form-finding experiences carried out at IL. By exploring the digital development of parametric and algorithmic interactive patterns, founded on physically based modeling techniques, two urban design proposals were developed for a site in Porto city. Out of this experience, this paper suggests that today the act of design can benefit from a deeper understanding of the natural processes of occupation and connection.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Tratamento de Infeções Protésicas com Desbridamento e Preservação do Implante - Resultados da Aplicação Prospetiva de um Protocolo Pré-estabelecido

Objetivo: O tratamento de infeções protésicas é complexo e os resultados do desbridamento com preservação da prótese são frequentemente imprevisíveis. A nossa hipótese é que é possível oferecer uma boa probabilidade de sucesso desde que sejam cumpridas algumas regras simples para correta seleção e tratamento dos doentes. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar os resultados obtidos com a aplicação prospetiva desses pressupostos ao longo dos últimos anos na nossa instituição. Material e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo clínico prospetivo que inclui todos os doentes com infeção protésica tratados desde Janeiro/2012 e com um seguimento mínimo de 12 meses após o fim do tratamento. Apenas foram candidatos ao desbridamento com preservação do implante doentes com prótese estável, sem sinais de descolamento, boa condição de partes moles e curta duração dos sintomas. O desbridamento cirúrgico foi realizado pelo mesmo cirurgião e incluiu sempre troca de partes móveis. Sempre que possível a antibioterapia incluiu fármacos com eficácia para bactérias no biofilme. Resultados: Foram estudados 24 doentes (15 joelhos e 9 ancas) com uma idade média de 65 anos. Um doente foi excluído da analise dos resultados por morte não relacionada. Registaram-se três casos de falência do tratamento o que resulta numa taxa de sucesso de 87% (20/23) com um seguimento médio de 30 meses após o término da antibioterapia. Conclusão: A aplicação de um protocolo pré-estabelecido de tratamento permite a obtenção de bons resultados no tratamento de infeções protésicas mesmo quando se opte pela preservação do implanteinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Corino de Andrade disease: mechanisms and impact on reproduction

Familial amyloid polyneuropathy was first described by Corino de Andrade in 1952 in Northern Portugal. It is a fatal autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progression of neurologic symptoms, beginning early in the reproductive life. The Transthyretin gene mutation originates a mutated protein that precipitates in the connective tissue as amyloid deposits. This disease is presently named Transthyretin-related hereditary amyloidosis. We performed an extensive review on this disease based on searches in Medical databases and in paper references. In this review, we briefly summarize the epidemiology and the mechanisms involved on amyloid deposition; we detailed how to evaluate the mechanisms implicated on the development of the major signs and symptoms associated with reproductive dysfunction; and we discuss the mechanisms involved in secondary sexual dysfunction after psychological treatments. Treatment of the disease is directed towards relieving specific symptoms in association with liver transplant, and molecular and genetic therapeutics. Although the current clinical trials indicate symptoms relief, no data on the reproductive function was reported. Thus, preimplantation genetic diagnosis is presently the only available technique that eradicates the disease as it avoids the birth of new patients.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The impact of self-stigma in people with diagnosis of severe mental illness: a cross-sectional pilot study from a community psychiatry unit in Porto, Portugal

"Introduction Self-stigma refers to the process in which a person internalizes negative stereotypes, beliefs, and prejudices about their mental illness, adopting a stigmatized view of themselves. Severe mental illness is one of the most socially exclusive stigmata and is associated with poor clinical and functional outcomes and social withdrawal. Objectives In Portugal, investigation regarding self-stigma is scarce. In this study, we aim to evaluate the impact of self-stigma among people with diagnosis of severe mental illness (SMI). For this goal we assess the prevalence of self-stigma of psychiatric patients with diagnosis SMI; and investigate the correlates of elevated self-stigma levels. Methods Fifty-one outpatients with SMI, were recruited from a community psychiatry unit from Porto, Portugal. After informed consent, evaluations included sociodemographic data, illness characteristics, and self-reported standardized scales. Self-stigma (ISMI), self-esteem (RSES) and quality of life (WHO-QoL) were assessed. Data analyses were performed using the SPSS version 28.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). p-values<0.05 were considered significant. Results From the study sample, 66.7% were male, with mean age of 44.8±11.0 and 56.9% were single. 33.3% reported living with their parents while 31.4% were living with a partner/spouse. The majority of participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia (60.8%). Concerning the level of education, 58.8% completed basic education, but most patients were retired due to illness (62.7%). In this study, moderate to high self-stigma levels was found in 31.4% participants. Proportion of elevated self-stigma was significantly higher in unemployed/retired patients vs. those who were active (39.0% vs. 0%; P=0.021). No significant correlations were found with age, level of education, age at diagnosis, duration of illness, and number of hospitalizations. In the correlations analysis, a negative correlation between self-stigma and self-esteem (rho=-0.745; P<0.001), as well as self-stigma and quality of life (rho=-0.585; P<0.001) was found. A positive relationship between self-esteem and quality of life (rho=0.551; P<0.001) was found. Conclusions This study investigates, for the first time, the prevalence of self-stigma among outpatients with SMI in a community psychiatric unit from Porto. Our findings suggest a high prevalence of elevated levels of self-stigma among these patients. A significant association with being unemployed/retired was also found. Our results support previous evidence that internalized stigma is strongly associated with diminished self-esteem and impaired quality of life, in particular those aspects related to physical and psychological complaints. Targeting internalized stigma and self-esteem among patient with SMI will likely improve their quality of life, besides improving their clinical and functional outcomes.

Prediction of low frequency sound fields in buildings near railway lines

The design of new buildings in the vicinity of railway lines must consider protection against noise and vibrations induced by railway traffic. However, the prediction methods available involve heavy numerical models which have frequency limitations. In this paper a prediction method combining finite elements (FEM) with natural mode analysis is presented for use in reinforced concrete buildings with heavy walls. The method considers 2D FEM models of the railway, ground and buildings to identify the transfer function of vibration from the railway to building foundations. Also 3D models of the buildings are considered to identify the transfer functions of vibration from foundations to walls and floors. Finally, as the impedance of heavy walls and floors is much higher than the acoustic impedance of air, the numerically assessed vibration fields of walls and floors are used to calculate sound fields in rooms by means of natural mode analysis. A set of in situ measurements were made in two different situations in order to calibrate the prediction method and also to identify the factors which most affect vibration and sound transmission

Trade protectionism and intra-industry trade: a USA - EU comparison

The aim of this work is to find patterns for products included in the customs tariffs of the USA and the EU (composed of over 5000 products disaggregated at the 6 digit-level) which share similarities, defined by a set of international trade variables, namely the index of revealed comparative advantages (RCA), the Grubel-Lloyd index, and other indicators of international trade. There is a strand in the literature advancing a theory that links the degree of intra-industry trade with the level of protectionism. In order to test this theory we use cluster analysis as a method of data analysis and the Grubel-Lloyd index as a classification variable between groups. For each of the analyzed regions we obtain four different groups. Thereafter each of these four clusters are further characterized with the help of the other international trade indicators and the tariffs. Finally, we establish a comparison between the two regions by examining possible differences and similarities. The results show a significant difference in the tariffs applied between the USA and the EU, with the USA presenting a lower level of protectionism. Additionally, the results for the USA show a positive relationship between the degree of intra-industry trade and a lower level of protectionism, while for the EU the results are not conclusive.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Activation of adenosine A2A receptors induces TrkB translocation and increases BDNF-mediated phospho-TrkB localization in lipid rafts : implications for neuromodulation

Copyright © 2010 the authorsBrain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling is critical for neuronal development and transmission. Recruitment of TrkB receptors to lipid rafts has been hown to be necessary for the activation of specific signaling pathways and modulation of neurotransmitter release by BDNF. Since TrkB receptors are known to be modulated by adenosine A2A receptor activation, we hypothesized that activation of A2A receptors could influence TrkB receptor localization among different membrane microdomains. We found that adenosine A2A receptor agonists increased the levels of TrkB receptors in the lipid raft fraction of cortical membranes and potentiated BDNF-induced augmentation of phosphorylated TrkB levels in lipid rafts. Blockade of the clathrin-mediated endocytosis with monodansylcadaverine(100µM) did not modify the effects of theA2A receptor agonists but significantly impairedBDNFeffects on TrkB recruitment to lipid rafts. The effect of A2A receptor activation in TrkB localization was mimicked by 5 µM forskolin, an adenylyl cyclase activator. Also, it was blocked by the PKA inhibitors Rp-cAMPs and PKI-(14 –22), and by the Src-family kinase inhibitor PP2. Moreover, removal of endogenous adenosine or disruption of lipid rafts reduced BDNF stimulatory effects on glutamate release from cortical synaptosomes. Lipid raft integrity was also required for the effects of BDNF on hippocampal long-term potentiation at CA1 synapses. Our data demonstrate, for the first time, a BDNF-independent recruitment of TrkB receptors to lipid rafts induced by activation of adenosine A2A receptors, with functional consequences for TrkB phosphorylation and BDNF-induced modulation of neurotransmitter release and hippocampal plasticity.Supported by Fundacão para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (SFRH/BD/21374/2005 for N.A.L., SFRH/BD/21359/2005 for V.C.S., and SFRH/BPD/11528/2002 for D.B.P.) and by the European Union [European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) COST B30 concerted action, Neural Regeneration and Plasticity (NEREPLAS)]

A modular web-based software solution for mobile networks planning, operation and optimization

Mobile networks management is increasingly critical due to heavy communications usage by customers and complex due to the multiple technologies and systems deployed. Thus, Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) are constantly looking for better software solutions and tools to help them increase network performance and manage their networks more efficiently. In this paper, we present a modular web-based software solution to tackle problems related to mobile network planning, operation and optimization. The solution is focused on a set of functional requirements carefully chosen to support the network life cycle management, from planning to Operation and Maintenance (OAM) and optimisation stages. Based on a 3-tier modular architecture and implemented using only open-source software, the solution handles multiple data sources (e.g., Drive Test (DT) and Performance Management (PM)) and multiple Radio Access Network (RAN) technologies. MNOs can explore all available data through a flexible and user-friendly web interface, that also includes map-based visualization of the network. Moreover, the solution incorporates a set of recently developed and validated RAN algorithms, supporting tasks of network diagnosis, optimization, and planning. Also, with the purpose of optimizing the network, MNOs can investigate network simulations, using the RAN algorithms, of how the network will behave under certain conditions, and visualize the outcome of those simulations.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio