2,800 research outputs found
Punitive Damages in Mass Tort Litigation: Addressing the Problems of Fairness, Efficiency, and Control
Demographic change, children's families and child support policy in the United States
This paper describes recent demographic trends affecting families in the United States and considers how these trends may alter the definition of "family." The paper focuses on trends that affect minor children's family experience. Demographic changes have increased the percentage of children for whom family membership and household membership do not coincide. As a result, rights to children and adults' responsibilities for children are less clearly defined now than in the past. This greater ambiguity affects child well-being because children's access to resources, both time and attention as well as material goods, depends on their ties to adults. U.S. family policies, such as the recent child support reforms, work against demographic trends by emphasizing biological over social ties and reinforcing the importance of biological parents' responsibilities to children.
High-Temperature Alkali Vapor Cells with Anti-Relaxation Surface Coatings
Antirelaxation surface coatings allow long spin relaxation times in
alkali-metal cells without buffer gas, enabling faster diffusion of the alkali
atoms throughout the cell and giving larger signals due to narrower optical
linewidths. Effective coatings were previously unavailable for operation at
temperatures above 80 C. We demonstrate that octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) can
allow potassium or rubidium atoms to experience hundreds of collisions with the
cell surface before depolarizing, and that an OTS coating remains effective up
to about 170 C for both potassium and rubidium. We consider the experimental
concerns of operating without buffer gas and with minimal quenching gas at high
vapor density, studying the stricter need for effective quenching of excited
atoms and deriving the optical rotation signal shape for atoms with resolved
hyperfine structure in the spin-temperature regime. As an example of a
high-temperature application of antirelaxation coated alkali vapor cells, we
operate a spin-exchange relaxation-free atomic magnetometer with sensitivity of
6 fT/sqrt(Hz) and magnetic linewidth as narrow as 2 Hz.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures. The following article appeared in Journal of
Applied Physics and may be found at http://link.aip.org/link/?jap/106/11490
Development of high-emittance scales on thoriated nickel-chromium-aluminum-base alloys
The surface regions of a DSNiCrAl alloy have been doped, by a pack diffusion process, with small amounts of Mn, Fe, or Co, and the effect of these dopants on the total normal emissivity of the scales produced by subsequent high temperature oxidation has been measured. While all three elements lead to a modest increase in emissivity, (up to 23% greater than the undoped alloy) only the change caused by manganese is thermally stable. However, this increased emissivity is within 85 percent of that of TDNiCr oxidized to form a chromia scale. The maganese-doped alloy is some 50 percent weaker than undoped DSNiCrAl after the doping treatment, and approximately 30 percent weaker after oxidation
Environmental protection of titanium alloys at high temperatures
Various concepts were evaluated for protecting titanium alloys from oxygen contamination at 922 K (1200 F) and from hot-salt stress-corrosion at 755 K (900 F). It is indicated that oxygen-contamination resistance can be provided by a number of systems, but for hot-salt stress-corrosion resistance, factors such as coating integrity become very important. Titanium aluminides resist oxygen ingress at 922 K through the formation of alumina (on TiAl3) or modified TiO2 (on Ti3Al, TiAl) scales. TiAl has some resistance to attack by hot salt, but has limited ductility. Ductile Ti-Ni and Ti-Nb-Cr-Al alloys provide limited resistance to oxygen ingress, but are not greatly susceptible to hot-salt stress-corrosion cracking
2007 Supermarket Panel Report
Replaced with revised version of paper 12/16/10.Agribusiness, Industrial Organization,
Design of a digital controller for spinning flexible spacecraft
An approach to digital control system design is applied to the analysis and design of a practical onboard digital attitude control system for a class of spinning vehicles characterized by a rigid body and two connected flexible appendages. The approach used is to design a continuous-data control system that will provide a satisfactory system response. Then, using the digital redesign method, a digital controller with onboard digital computer is designed to provide a digital control system whose states are similar to those of the continuous system at sampling instants. The simplicity of application of this approach is indicated by example. The example, using spinning Skylab parameters, is used to substantiate the conclusions
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Multicore OSes: Looking Forward from 1991, er, 2011
Upcoming multicore processors, with hundreds of cores or more in a single chip, require a degree of parallel scalability that is not currently available in today’s system software. Based on prior experience in the super-computing sector, the likely trend for multicore processors is away from shared memory and toward shared-nothing architectures based on message passing. In light of this, the lightweight messages and channels programming model, found among other places in Erlang, is likely the best way forward. This paper discusses what adopting this model entails, describes the architecture of an OS based on this model, and outlines a few likely implementation challenges.Engineering and Applied Science
Parents’ Expectations About Childrearing After Divorce:Does Anticipating Difficulty Deter Divorce
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