Payment Of Models For Students In SMP Negeri 7 Kelurahan Purnama Kecamatan Dumai Barat Kota Dumai

This research was conducted in SMP Negeri 7 Kelurahan Purnama Kecamatan Dumai Barat Kota Dumai. The purpose of this study is to analyze the use of pocket money by Students / I SMP Negeri 7 Kelurahan Purnama Kecamatan Dumai Barat Kota Dumai. The focus of this study is the pattern of giving pocket money to students / I in SMP Negeri 7 Kelurahan Purnama Kecamatan Dumai Barat Kota Dumai. The sample in this study amounted to 72 students using slovin method from students who sat in class VIII SMP Negeri 7 Kelurahan Purnama Kecamatan Dumai Barat Kota Dumai. The writer uses quantitative descriptive method and the data is analyzed quantitatively and using the technique of Simple Random Sampling. Data instruments are observation, questionnaire/ questionnaire and documentation. From the research conducted, the authors found that the pattern of giving pocket money by parents to students in SMP N 07 Purnama is as follows: Per day, Students who get snack every day amounted to 58 students or 80.5% of respondents. Week, Students who get snack per week amounted to 11 students or 15.27% of respondents.Monthly, Students who get snack per month amounted to 3 students or 4.1% of respondents. The use of pocket money by the students of SMP N 07 Purnama is as follows: For pocket money, the use of allowance for snack by students of SMP N 07 Purnama on the research conducted found 30 students or 41.7% of respondents. For school purposes, the use of allowance for school purposes by students of SMP N 07 Purnama on research conducted found as many as 8 students / i or 11.1% of respondents. To save, the use of allowance to save by students of SMP N 07 Purnama on research conducted found as many as 6 students / i or 8.3% of respondents. To purchase internet quota / card, The use of allowance for internet quota by students of SMP N 07 Purnama on research conducted found as many as 3 students / i or 4.2% of respondents. For transportation costs, the use of allowance for transportation costs by students of SMP N 07 Purnama in research conducted found as many as 25 students / i or 34.7% of respondent

Analysis of Strategic Costing Effect towards University Performance with Competitive Advantage as Mediating

Abstract. This study aims to examine the effect of Strategic Costing onorganizational performance through competitive advantage as moderatingvariables in private universities in the city of Pekanbaru. The samples in thisstudy are 39 universities in the city of Pekanbaru. This research deploysa surveyby distributing questionnaires to the head of the finance department and then thedata is processed using path modeling analysis techniques with PLS tools. Fromthe research conducted, the researchers found that strategic costing directlyaffects the performance of universities and indirectly competitive advantagemediates the strategic costing relationship to the performance of universities inthe city of Pekanbaru

Knowledge, perceived barriers and facilitators of medication error reporting: a quantitative survey in Malaysian primary care clinics

Background Medication errors are the most common types of medical errors that occur in health care organisations; however, these errors are largely underreported. Objective This study assessed knowledge on medication error reporting, perceived barriers to reporting medication errors, motivations for reporting medication errors and medication error reporting practices among various health care practitioners working at primary care clinics. Setting This study was conducted in 27 primary care clinics in Malaysia. Methods A self-administered survey was distributed to family medicine specialists, doctors, pharmacists, pharmacist assistants, nurses and assistant medical officers. Main outcome measures Health care practitioners' knowledge, perceived barriers and motivations for reporting medication errors. Results Of all respondents (N = 376), nurses represented 31.9% (n = 120), followed by doctors (n = 87, 23.1%), pharmacists (n = 63, 16.8%), assistant medical officers (n = 53, 14.1%), pharmacist assistants (n = 46, 12.2%) and family medicine specialists (n = 7, 1.9%). Of the survey respondents who had experience reporting medication errors, 56% (n = 62) had submitted medication error reports in the preceding 12 months. Results showed that 41.2% (n = 155) of respondents were classified as having good knowledge on medication error and medication error reporting. The mean score of knowledge was significantly higher among prescribers and pharmacists than nurses, pharmacist assistants and assistant medical officers (p < 0.05). A heavy workload was the key barrier for both nurses and assistant medical officers, while time constraints prevented pharmacists from reporting medication errors. Family medicine specialists were mainly unsure about the reporting process. On the other hand, doctors and pharmacist assistants did not report primarily because they were unaware medication errors had occurred. Both family medicine specialists and pharmacist assistants identified patient harm as a motivation to report an error. Doctors and nurses indicated that they would report if they thought reporting could improve the current practices. Assistant medical officers reported that anonymous reporting would encourage them to submit a report. Pharmacists would report if they have enough time to do so. Conclusion Policy makers should consider using the information on identified barriers and facilitators to reporting medication errors in this study to improve the reporting system to reduce under-reported medication errors in primary car

D2D-V2X-SDN: Taxonomy and Architecture towards 5G Mobile Communication System

In the era of information society and 5G networks, cars are extremely important mobile information carriers. In order to meet the needs of multi-scenario business requirements such as vehicle assisted driving and in-vehicle entertainment, cars need to interact with the outside world. This interconnection and data transmission process is usually called vehicular communication (V2X, Vehicle-to-Everything). Device-to-device (D2D) communication not only has partial nature of communication, but also alleviate the current problem of spectrum scarcity of resources. The application of D2D communication in V2X can meet the requirements of high reliability and low latency, but resource reuse also brings interference. Software-defined networking (SDN) provides an optimal solution for interoperability and flexibility between the V2X and D2D communication. This paper reviews the integration of D2D and V2X communication from the perspective of SDN. The state-of-the-art and architectures of D2D-V2X were discussed. The similarity, characteristics, routing control, location management, patch scheduling and recovery is described. The integrated architecture reviewed in this paper can solve the problems of routing management, interference management and mobile management. It also overcome the disconnection problem between the D2D-V2X in terms of SDN and provides some effective solutions.- Qatar National Research Fund (QNRF) - [UREP27-020-1-003]. - Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (MOHE) - [FRGS/1/2018/ICT02/UKM/02/6]. - National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - [2019R1C1C1007277]. - Taif University (TU)- [TURSP-2020/260]

Modal Insan Cemerlang- Minda Kelas Pertama: Suatu Perspektif

KPM memperkenalkan Pelan Induk Pembangunan Pendidikan 2006-2010 yand dibina berasaskan enam teras strategik dengan matlamat spesifik: membina negara bangsa, membangunkan modal insan, memperkasakan sekolah kebangsaan, merapatkan jurang pendidikan, memartabatkan profesion keguruan dan melonjakkan kecemerlangan institusi pendidikan. Buku ini mengupas isi-isi penting berkaitan enam teras tersebut

Medication errors reported to the National Medication Error Reporting System in Malaysia: A 4-year retrospective review (2009 to 2012)

PURPOSE: Reporting and analysing the data on medication errors (MEs) is important and contributes to a better understanding of the error-prone environment. This study aims to examine the characteristics of errors submitted to the National Medication Error Reporting System (MERS) in Malaysia. METHODS: A retrospective review of reports received from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2012 was undertaken. Descriptive statistics method was applied. RESULTS: A total of 17,357 MEs reported were reviewed. The majority of errors were from public-funded hospitals. Near misses were classified in 86.3 % of the errors. The majority of errors (98.1 %) had no harmful effects on the patients. Prescribing contributed to more than three-quarters of the overall errors (76.1 %). Pharmacists detected and reported the majority of errors (92.1 %). Cases of erroneous dosage or strength of medicine (30.75 %) were the leading type of error, whilst cardiovascular (25.4 %) was the most common category of drug found. CONCLUSIONS: MERS provides rich information on the characteristics of reported MEs. Low contribution to reporting from healthcare facilities other than government hospitals and non-pharmacists requires further investigation. Thus, a feasible approach to promote MERS among healthcare providers in both public and private sectors needs to be formulated and strengthened. Preventive measures to minimise MEs should be directed to improve prescribing competency among the fallible prescribers identified

Perceptions and Attitudes towards Medication Error Reporting in Primary Care Clinics: A Qualitative Study in Malaysia

<div><p>Objective</p><p>To explore and understand participants’ perceptions and attitudes towards the reporting of medication errors (MEs).</p><p>Methods</p><p>A qualitative study using in-depth interviews of 31 healthcare practitioners from nine publicly funded, primary care clinics in three states in peninsular Malaysia was conducted for this study. The participants included family medicine specialists, doctors, pharmacists, pharmacist assistants, nurses and assistant medical officers. The interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Analysis of the data was guided by the framework approach.</p><p>Results</p><p>Six themes and 28 codes were identified. Despite the availability of a reporting system, most of the participants agreed that MEs were underreported. The nature of the error plays an important role in determining the reporting. The reporting system, organisational factors, provider factors, reporter’s burden and benefit of reporting also were identified.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Healthcare practitioners in primary care clinics understood the importance of reporting MEs to improve patient safety. Their perceptions and attitudes towards reporting of MEs were influenced by many factors which affect the decision-making process of whether or not to report. Although the process is complex, it primarily is determined by the severity of the outcome of the errors. The participants voluntarily report the errors if they are familiar with the reporting system, what error to report, when to report and what form to use.</p></div