Infusion of donor leukocytes to induce tolerance in organ allograft recipients

To further enhance chimerism, 229 primary allograft recipients have received perioperative intravenous infusion of a single dose of 3 to 6 x 108 unmodified donor bone marrow (BM) cells/kg body weight. In addition, 42 patients have been accrued in a concurrent protocol involving multiple (up to three) sequential perioperative infusions of 2 x 108 BM cells/kg/day from day 0-2 posttransplantation (PTx). Organ recipients (n = 133) for whom BM was not available were monitored as controls. The infusion of BM was safe and except for 50 (18%), all study patients have optimal graft function. Of the control patients, allografts in 30 (23%) have been lost during the course of follow-up. The cumulative risk of acute cellular rejection (ACR) was statistically lower in the study patients compared with that of controls. It is interesting that, 62% of BM-augmented heart recipients were free of ACR (Grade ≥ 3A) in the first 6 months PTx compared to controls. The incidence of obliterative bronchiolitis was also statistically lower in study lung recipients (3.8%) compared with the contemporaneously acquired controls (31%). The levels of donor cell chimerism were at least a log higher in the peripheral blood of majority of the study patients compared with that of controls. The incidence of donor-specific hyporeactivity, as determined by one-way mixed leukocyte reaction, was also higher in those BM-augmented liver, kidney, and lung recipients that could be evaluated compared to controls

Sobre una contracción rítmica hallada en el músculo gastronemio de la rana durante un tétanos perfecto

En las vacaciones de 1930 a 1931, me adiestraba en los trabajos prácticos del Laboratorio de Fisiología. Entre las gráficas que tomé entonces está la que se ve representada en la figura 1 (gráfica número 1, enero 15 de 193 1). Como lo que me proponía era únicamente ponerme práctico en el manejo de los aparatos, desprecié un fenómeno que se presentó a mi vista y seguí tomando gráficas, ya en unas condiciones, ya en otras, sin habérseme ocurrido siquiera apuntar el dispositivo experimental con que tal fenómeno apareció y me limité únicamente a comentarlo. En efecto, en mis anotaciones personales encuentrolo siguiente sobre este asunto

Hepatocyte growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor activator and arginine in a rat fulminant colitis model

INTRODUCTION: Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) is commonly used to induce a murine fulminant colitis model. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been shown to decrease the symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) but the effect of its activator, HGFA, is not well characterized. Arginine reduces effects of oxidative stress but its effect on IBD is not well known. The primary aim is to determine whether HGF and HGFA, or arginine will decrease IBD symptoms such as pain and diarrhea in a DSS-induced fulminant colitis murine model. METHODS: A severe colitis was induced in young, male Fischer 344 rats with 4% (w/v) DSS oral solution for seven days; rats were sacrificed on day 10. Rats were divided into five groups of 8 animals: control, HGF (700 mcg/kg/dose), HGF and HGFA (10 mcg/dose), HGF and arginine, and high dose HGF (2800 mcg/kg/dose). Main clinical outcomes were pain, diarrhea and weight loss. Blinded pathologists scored the terminal ileum and distal colon. RESULTS: DSS reliably induced severe active colitis in 90% of animals (n = 36/40). There were no differences in injury scores between control and treatment animals. HGF led to 1.38 fewer days in pain (p = 0.036), while arginine led to 1.88 fewer days of diarrhea (P = 0.017) compared to controls. 88% of HGFA-treated rats started regaining weight (P \u3c 0.001). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: Although treatment was unable to reverse fulminant disease, HGF and arginine were associated with decreased days of pain and diarrhea. These clinical interventions may reduce associated symptoms for severe IBD patients, even when urgent surgical intervention remains the only viable option

Faculty of Social Communication. Number 1

La primer apublicación de una Facultad que comienza, asís ea de comunicación social, tiene todas las ventajas de lo que apenas inicia. También sus defectos y problemas.¿Habra demanda para los comunicadores de la UNAB?. - 7 Ideas para formar un comunicador. - 13 Matemáticas y comunicación. - 19 Los cronistas de tierra firma. - 25 Dice Alvaro Chavez. "Los colombianos todos queremos ser blancos. El indio es el otro". - 29 Tres visiones de Feyerabend. - 33 Reseñas. - 45 Material bibliográfico. - 53The first publication in a Faculty that is just beginning, even if it is Social Communication, has all the advantages of what is just beginning. Also all defects and problems

Expression Profiling of Major Histocompatibility and Natural Killer Complex Genes Reveals Candidates for Controlling Risk of Graft versus Host Disease

Background: The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is the most important genomic region that contributes to the risk of graft versus host disease (GVHD) after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Matching of MHC class I and II genes is essential for the success of transplantation. However, the MHC contains additional genes that also contribute to the risk of developing acute GVHD. It is difficult to identify these genes by genetic association studies alone due to linkage disequilibrium in this region. Therefore, we aimed to identify MHC genes and other genes involved in the pathophysiology of GVHD by mRNA expression profiling. Methodology/Principal Findings: To reduce the complexity of the task, we used genetically well-defined rat inbred strains and a rat skin explant assay, an in-vitro-model of the graft versus host reaction (GVHR), to analyze the expression of MHC, natural killer complex (NKC), and other genes in cutaneous GVHR. We observed a statistically significant and strong up or down regulation of 11 MHC, 6 NKC, and 168 genes encoded in other genomic regions, i.e. 4.9%, 14.0%, and 2.6% of the tested genes respectively. The regulation of 7 selected MHC and 3 NKC genes was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR and in independent skin explant assays. In addition, similar regulations of most of the selected genes were observed in GVHD-affected skin lesions of transplanted rats and in human skin explant assays. Conclusions/Significance: We identified rat and human MHC and NKC genes that are regulated during GVHR in skin explant assays and could therefore serve as biomarkers for GVHD. Several of the respective human genes, including HLA-DMB, C2, AIF1, SPR1, UBD, and OLR1, are polymorphic. These candidates may therefore contribute to the genetic risk of GVHD in patients

LOAD FLOW ANALYSIS FOR A 220KV LINE – CASE STUDY

In power engineering the power flow analysis (also known as load flow study) is an important tool involving numerical analysis applied to a power system. This project deals with a model of existing power system using the actual data taking care of all parameters required for the simulation and analysis. With the help of Maharashtra State Electricity Transmission co. Ltd., a model of 220KV lines, of Solapur District grid using MATLAB software will be modeled. In this project, an algorithm will be used for power flow study and data collection and coding required for modeling. Load flow studies will be carried out using Newton Raphson method and voltage profile of buses will be analyzed. New method for the improvement of voltage profile will be suggested and analyze using the developed model. The optimization techniques include power factor compensation, tap changing, up gradation of substation, up gradation of line and load shifting will be analyzed

LATEST TRENDS IN CONTINGENCY ANALYSIS OF POWER SYSTEM

Contingency plans based on N - 1 and N - 2 contingencies are already very much used by utilities . Artificial intelligent methods are new trends for analysing the contingency scenario along with state of art congestion management. This gives extra backup and b oost to reliable operation under contingent scenario of power system. This paper envisages the summary of all those efforts

Structure, synthesis, and stereochemistry of deoxytubulosine

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