Non-Reversed Appendicostomy for Antegrade Continence Enema in the Treatment of Encopresis

Background/Purpose: Constipation in children is considered when stool frequency is less than three times per week. Encopresis represents 80-90% of children with fecal incontinence. Operative strategy for management of encopresis ranges from resectional surgery to myotomy. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of non-reversed appendicostomy without antireflux mechanism for management of encopresis in children. Materials & Methods: The study included 35 patients with severe idiopathic constipation and encopresis with failure of conservative measures. They were subjected to non-reversed appendicostomy without anti-reflux procedures. Results: The incidence of complications was 22.8% and included stomal leak, stricture, retraction and granulation tissue formation. False passage during dilatation occurred in one case. Antegrade continence enema effectively controlled constipation and encopresis. Conclusion: Non-reversed appendicostomy without antireflux mechanism is safe and rapid with minimal incidence of leakage. Constipation and encopresis was effectively controlled with this simple procedure.Index Word: Constipation, encopresis, antegrade continence enema

Synlabia after Severe Monilia Infections: A Case Report

Case. A 25-year-old woman presented with acute urine retention with overflow 6 months after an inadequate treatment of severe monilia infections. Examination revealed complete adhesion between both labia majora. Division of adhesion was done with reconstruction by labial mucocutaneous flap. Complete recovery was achieved with good cosmetic outcome. Conclusion. Labial adhesions whatever their severity is can be surgically divided with complete correction by locally designed flap to reconstruct the introuitus with rapid recovery, good healing, and good cosmetic outcome

Long-term exposure to xenoestrogens alters some brain monoamines and both serum thyroid hormones and cortisol levels in adult male rats

AbstractThe present study was designed to examine the effect of long-term treatment with the phytoestrogen soy isoflavone [(SIF); 43mg/kg body weight/day] and/or the plastics component bisphenol-A [(BPA); 3mg/kg body weight/day] on some monoamines in the forebrain and both serum thyroid hormones and cortisol levels of adult rats. Significant increases in serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) level, and significant decreases in 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) level and 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio, were observed after treatment with SIF or BPA. Level of dopamine (DA) was increased in SIF-treated group and decreased in BPA-treated group. Activity of monoamine oxidase (MAO) was decreased in all treated groups. The level of serum thyroid hormones (fT3 and fT4) was increased after treatment with SIF and decreased after exposure to BPA, while cortisol level was increased in all treated groups. It may be concluded that long-term exposure to SIF or BPA disrupts monoamine levels in the forebrain of adult rats through alteration in the metabolic pathways of amines and disorders of thyroid hormones and cortisol levels

Consumers' valuation of two packaging aspects for fresh lamb meat: Vacuum and information labels

The use of vacuum packaging for fresh meat with low rate of turnover in the supermarket shelves, as it is the case of lamb meat in Spain, is recommended. Because the amount of mandatory information on fresh-meat labels has increased, there is a need to design new labels to enhance the support for this information. Therefore, to anticipate the consumer''s acceptance of vacuum packaging and the preferences for newly designed labels is of vital importance. This is the objective of the paper; in particular, it measures the consumers'' relative importance of the vacuum packaging and different labels in relation to other important lamb-meat characteristics (type of cut, price, and regional indication). To do that, a choice experiment was used and an error-component random-parameter model with correlated errors was estimated. Results suggest that consumers positively value all of the attributes except for the new designed labels. In particular, consumers positively value the vacuum packaging but to lesser extent than other lamb-meat attributes such as the type of cut, the protected geographical indication certification, and the price. However, consumers only value the vacuum packaging in the case of fresh lamb meat with a protected geographical indication certification. Moreover, this valuation is higher for older consumers who use, to a higher extent, their own direct appraisal of the meat and the information on the label when shopping and give less importance to the presence of liquid around the meat

On vague Order and Decomposition Mapping by -Open Sets Using Nano

  بواسطة  مفهوم  المجموعات  المفتوحة من النمط  nano  topological  spaces)   ) في الفضاءات التبولوجية  من  النمط -open  sets)   ( nano   في هذا العمل قدمنا موضوع جديد في نظرية  البعد  (حسب علمنا )هو)(  و بالإضافة   لذلك  سوف   سندرس  سلوك  هذه  الفضاءات  تحت   تأثير  نوع   معين  من   الدوال  المستمرة  و التي  تدعى -continuous mapping )    ( nanoومن خلال بحثنا في الخواص المقدمة في البحث  رأينا ان هذه الخواص موازية الى بعض خواص نظرية البعد في التبولوجيا العامة.In this paper the concept of nano topology is studied in a different way . The notation of nano  -open is established. Also the concept -covering dimension is defined. The aim of this paper is to  introduce and define a new type of covering dimension by using nano -open sets namely, a nano -covering dimension in a nano topological space and find some relations to other concepts. Some properties and characterization of this covering dimension are obtained

Application Procedures and Practices Futures Human Resource Planning

The most effective element of human resource development and organization of their most valuable asset is of very high importance of the human resource planning and extension and improvement of the level of complexity on the other hand, the progress, the amazing growth of technology, communications, and changes in the period and the emergence of new current problems in the International community, planning methods based on predictions somewhat dumb enough to not seem unreasonable and meet the real needs of the micro and macro levels is not.The inability to accurately predict the future and the growing complexity of the changes made The researchers took advantage of the capabilities and benefits of futures and fixed as it is necessary for planning and forecasting of scientific developments and the political, military, technology, consider.Future research into the human ability to imagine a future issue are considered and makes progress.Future studies, systematic process to identify opportunities and future needs, and to assist major organizations in making decisions, so future studies approach quickly spread among the communities and organizations and special place different areas of science, so in this article has been tried and tested techniques and methods of futures research and application of each of these methods in the field of human resource planning, which can be crucial in the development and promotion organization is explained and described

Modified Koyanagi Technique in Management of Proximal Hypospadias

Background/Purpose: One stage urethroplasty with parameatal foreskin flap (OUPF) applicable to all types of hypospadias was first described by Tomohiko Koyanagi, however high complication rates were reported.The aim of this study is to analyze the results of a modification of the Koyanagi technique as a one-stage repair of proximal hypospadias. Patients and Methods: During the period of from March 2008 to March 2009, 30 patients underwent treatment of proximal hypospadias using the modified Koyanagi technique. Patient age at the time of surgery ranged from 6 to 24 months. In all cases, the urethral opening was at or just proximal to the penoscrotal junction. Follow up ranged from 3 months to 1 year. Results: Primary success occurred in 27 cases (90%) with accepted cosmetic appearance. Complications occurred in 3 cases (10%). Urethrocutaneous fistula occurred in 2 cases (6.7%). Meatal recession occurred in 1 case (3.3%). There was no incidence of meatal stenosis, urethral stricture, residual chordee or complete flap necrosis. Conclusion: The modified technique permits one-stage repair of proximal hypospadias with low complication rates. Keywords: Hypospadias, Koyanagi, One stage urethroplasty