Customs’ control on genetically modified food products across the border of the Eurasian Economic Union

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to determine the role of customs' control and directions of its improvement in the movement of genetically modified foods across the customs' border of the Eurasian Economic Union. In carrying out the study, the authors rely on the methods of theoretical modeling and interpretation of legal concepts and normative legal acts, which allowed to identify theoretical and applied problems of customs control in the conditions of Eurasian integration. Design/Methodology/Approach: The authors define the concepts of genetically modified foods and their turnover, highlight the problems of customs control over the movement of genetically modified foods across the customs border of the Eurasian Economic Union, and propose ways to improve it. Findings: The authors define the concepts of genetically modified foods and their turnover, highlight the problems of customs control over the movement of genetically modified foods across the customs border of the Eurasian Economic Union, and propose ways to improve it. Practical Implications: The results may be implicated into a legal framework of Russian Federation and improve customs' regulation both in Russia and abroad. Originality/Value: The main contribution of this article is the comprehensive analysis of legal and institutional background of genetically modified foods and their cross-border movement in EAEU countries as well as the measures of improving their customs' control.peer-reviewe

Geometric phase and o-mode blue shift in a chiral anisotropic medium inside a Fabry-P\'erot cavity

Anomalous spectral shift of transmission peaks is observed in a Fabry--P\'erot cavity filled with a chiral anisotropic medium. The effective refractive index value resides out of the interval between the ordinary and the extraordinary refractive indices. The spectral shift is explained by contribution of a geometric phase. The problem is solved analytically using the approximate Jones matrix method, numerically using the accurate Berreman method and geometrically using the generalized Mauguin--Poincar\'e rolling cone method. The $o$-mode blue shift is measured for a 4-methoxybenzylidene-4'-$n$-butylaniline twisted--nematic layer inside the Fabry--P\'erot cavity. The twist is electrically induced due to the homeoplanar--twisted configuration transition in an ionic-surfactant-doped liquid crystal layer. Experimental evidence confirms the validity of the theoretical model.Comment: the text is available both in English (Timofeev2015en.tex) and in Russian (download: other formats - source - Timofeev2015ru.tex, Timofeev2015rus.pdf

Plasma probe characteristics in low density hydrogen pulsed plasmas

Probe theories are only applicable in the regime where the probe's perturbation of the plasma can be neglected. However, it is not always possible to know, a priori, that a particular probe theory can be successfully applied, especially in low density plasmas. This is especially difficult in the case of transient, low density plasmas. Here, we applied probe diagnostics in combination with a 2D particle-in-cell model, to an experiment with a pulsed low density hydrogen plasma. The calculations took into account the full chamber geometry, including the plasma probe as an electrode in the chamber. It was found that the simulations reproduce the time evolution of the probe IV characteristics with good accuracy. The disagreement between the simulated and probe measured plasma density is attributed to the limited applicability of probe theory to measurements of low density pulsed plasmas. Indeed, in the case studied here, probe measurements would lead to a large overestimate of the plasma density. In contrast, the simulations of the plasma evolution and the probe characteristics do not suffer from such strict applicability limits. These studies show that probe theory cannot be justified through probe measurements

Effect of Fermi-liquid interactions on the low-temperature de Haas - van Alphen oscillations in quasi-two-dimensional conductors

In this work we present the results of theoretical analysis of the de Haas-van Alphen oscillations in quasi-two-dimensional conductors. We have been studying the effect of the Fermi-liquid correlations of charge carriers on the above oscillations. It was shown that at reasonably low temperatures and weak electron scattering the Fermi-liquid interactions may cause noticeable changes in both amplitude and shape of the oscillations even at realistically small values of the Fermi-liquid parameters. Also, we show that the Fermi-liquid interactions in the system of the charge carriers may cause magnetic instability of a quasi-two-dimensional conductor near the peaks of quantum oscillations in the electron density of states at the Fermi surface, indicating the possibility for the diamagnetic phase transition within the relevant ranges of the applied magnetic fields.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure

Experimental observation of spontaneous spin polarization of electrons in hybridized states of transition element impurities in semiconductors

Experimental evidence of the possible existence of spontaneous spin polarization of the electron system in hybridized states formed by transition element impurity atoms in the conduction band of semiconducting crystals is examined. The details of a quantitative interpretation of experiments on the temperature dependence of the specific heat and elastic moduli of mercury selenide crystals with iron impurities confirm the feasibility of establishing the presence of electron spin polarization in this type of experiment, as well as the possible existence of polarization in the crystals studied here. Theoretical arguments support the observation of a thermodynamic anomalous Hall effect owing to spontaneously polarized donor electrons from low-concentration impurities. © 2013 AIP Publishing LLC

Clinical and pharmacoeconomic aspects of anti-TNF therapy change for medical reasons

The substitution of one drug for another within one class can be caused by both medical indications, such as low therapeutic efficacy, and by non-medical factors, for example, by choosing a less expensive drug. In this article, the available data on the impact of non-medical switching on the clinical and pharmacoeconomic indices of anti-TNF therapy with drugs are considered

The training manual «Clinical project management»

The training manual «Clinical project management» describes a methodology for the effective management of a clinical project for finding, developing and marketing pharmaceuticals products, starting with the search for new chemical compounds, preclinical testing of candidate substances, clinical trials of candidate in drugs, pharmacovigilance, data management, analysis of the data, drafting the final study report, obtaining registration certificate, quality assurance of trials, publication the results, ending with the organization of post-authorization safety studies, conducting non-interventional and pharmacoepidemiological studies, audit and inspection of regulatory authorities, creating standard operating procedures and archiving research documents. The material is based on modern Russian Federation and Eurasian Economic Union regulations. The manual is addressed to those who are directly involved in the development of new drugs: clinical project managers, clinical research associates, specialist in pharmacovigilance, data management, statistical analysis, quality assurance and control, registration, representatives of regulatory and medical departments, medical writers, working in innovative pharmaceutical companies and contract research organizations. Presented materials will also be useful to investigators, employees in research institutes and organizations involved in the search of new molecular entities, preclinical and clinical trials, and to the health authorities, that regulate their conduct