Analisa Pergerakan Nilai Tukar Rupiah Terhadap Dolar Amerika Setelah Diterapkannya Kebijakan Sistem Nilai Tukar Mengambang Bebas Di Indonesia

Since free-floating exchange rate system has been applied in Indonesia on August 1998, the accumulation of depreciation of rupiah against the US dollar has been about 48,7% until December 2001. This condition brings many argumentations about the reasons behind the exchange rate instability faced by Indonesia among many experts whether it is caused by economic factors or by non-economic factors. By recognizing the causes, it will be easier for the experts and government of Indonesia to formulate the solution. This research is intended to analyze the influence of economic variables, i.e. inflation, interest rate, money supply, national income in both Indonesia and The United State of America, as well as the position of the balance of International payment of Indonesia to the exchange rate movement in order to give contributions to solve the problem. Based on the result money supply becomes the only variable which has a significant influence on the exchange rate movement, instead of the other variables. Coefficient of determination of the research model is 32.5%, means that other factors, not accommodated in this research, give 67.5% influence to the exchange rate movement. These other factors can be catagorized as other economic factors or non-economic factors. Finally, it can be concluded that except the variable of money supply, most of the exchange rate movement is influenced by the other factors, which are economic factors or non economic factors

Free Floating Exchange Rate System Dan Penerapannya Pada Kebijaksanaan Ekonomi Di Negara Yang Berperekonomian Kecil Dan Terbuka

Since the Bretton Wood sistem collapsed in early 1970s, the free floating exchange rate system has been being applied in many countries around the world. The exchange rate system choice is based on some economic advantages that will be obtained from it, considering some economic disadvantages that might be occurred. The valuation toward the advantages and disadvantages of the exchange rate system implementation exactly depends on the national economy it self, because such economy will give some responses in different ways. In a small-opened economy, the effect that occurred in its national economy by the implementation of the floating exchange rate system will be different with the one which is received by a developed country. The exposition about the phenomenon that is happened in the small-opened economy country will become more clearly explainable by Mundell - Fleming - model which is specially developed for those purposes-, and also by some basic theories related with the topic. By using the perfectly capital mobility asumption, Mundell - Fleming model is able to explain the effect of the economic policies implementation, specially fiscal policy and monetary policy, in a small economy country that has already applied the free floating exchange rate system will be different with other countries. Fiscal policy that has been implemented in the country will not significantly alter its national income, but it will cause an alteration in its exchange rate. However, monetary policy implemented in the same countries, will cause changes in its national income as a result of its exchange rate alteration

Utang Luar Negeri Pemerintah Indonesia : Perkembangan Dan Dampaknya

The economic development is the absolute requirement for the third world countries, including Indonesia. This matter is necessary to shorten the backwardness of the developing countries in order to catch up with the developed countries, especially in the economic and people\u27s welfare. In the third world countries, the government generally organized the efforts of the economic development. However, there are some problems in this matter caused by the lack of the productive economy resources, especially the capital resources which are mostly play the important role on the development matter. In order to cover the capital shortage, the government of the concerning country try to obtain the capital resources from other countries through many kinds of external debts. For the short term, the external debt will be very helpful in helping the Indonesian government to cover the deficit of the APBN as the effect of the routine expences and the huge development expenses. Therefore, the progress of economic development can be fastened according to the former planned target. However, in the long term, it happens to be that the external debt can trigger many monetary problems in Indonesia. In monetary crisis, the Indonesian\u27s external debt, including the government\u27s external debt has rapidly increased in rupiah measurement. Therefore, it makes the Indonesian government has to add the new external debt to pay the previous external debt which has been expired. The accumulation of the external debt and its interest will be paid through the Indonesian APBN by paying in step by step every year. This matter causes the lack of the Indonesian people\u27s welfare in the future. It is obvious that this matter will also add the burden of the Indonesian people, especially for those who responsible to pay taxes regularly

Pengaruh Pengumuman Dividen Terhadap Perubahan Harga Saham Sebelum Dan Sesudah Ex-dividend Date Di Bursa Efek Jakarta (Bej)

This research is aimed to examine the influence of ex-dividend date on stock price movements in the Jakarta Stock Exchange. A 30-days of observation%2C divided into a 15-days period before and a 15-days period after the ex-dividend date%2C is analized by using an event study method applying the Paired Sample T-test.The result shows that the average price of stocks before the ex-dividend date are significantly different with those after the ex-dividend date. It indicates that there is a significant movement in the stocks prices between the both periods of observation due to dividend announcement. Far more than that%2C the research also reveals that the amount of the stocks price alteration is statistically the same as the amount of their dividend per share

Pengujian Alat Pengolah Limbah Plastik Jenis Ps (Polystyrene) Menjadi Bahan Bakar Alternatif

Plastik adalah suatu material organik sintetik atau material organik semi sintetik yang berasal dari minyak bumi dan gas alam. Dari produk plastik, dihasilkan salah satunya polistirena (PS). Semakin meningkatnya sampah plastik ini akan menjadi masalah serius bila tidak dicari penyelesaiannya. Alternatif lain penanganan sampah plastik yang saat ini banyak diteliti dan dikembangkan adalah mengkonversi sampah plastik menjadi bahan bakar minyak. Tujuan dari penelitian untuk mengetahui factor kondisi, serta mengetahui densitas dan nilai kalor dari minyak sampah PS hasil proses pirolisis. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode pirolisis dimana sampah palstik jenis Polystyrene, dibakar di dalam reactor. Selama proses memiliki 3 suhu diantaranya 350oC dari hasil pirolisis menghasilkan volume 340 ml, densitas 0,8640 gr/ml, nilai kalor 35,348 J/gr, kemudian suhu 500oC menghasilkan volume 365 ml, densitas 0,8888 gr/ml, nilai kalor 34,687 J/gr, dan suhu yang ketiga 700oC menghasilkan volume 375 ml, densitas 0,9170 gr/ml, nilai kalor 29,914 J/gr

Reduksi Pasir Besi Pantai Sigandu Kabupaten Batang Menjadi Sponge Iron Menggunakan Burner Gas Asetilin

In this experiment has been done laboratory scale processing of iron sand from Sigandu beach regency of Batang to be sponge iron by direct reduction using oxyacetylene gas burner at 1200 oC. Based on the experiments conducted through the process of making a composite pellets briquettes, and conducted trials combustion using oxyacetylene gas burner with the composition of the briquettes is 75% iron sand, wood charcoal is added as much as 20% functions as a reductant, and 5% tapioca which functions as glue. The iron sand into iron is required a long production stages, begins with the extraction or separation of magnetic minerals with non-magnetic using magnets to increase levels of Fe. From the results can be known content extraction iron sand of Sigandu beach is 62.27%. In the composition testing using AAS method (Atomic Absorption Spectrometry) iron sand composition (raw material) obtained 3.56% Si, 6.12% C, 1.42% Mg, and Fe 51.23%, after reduced to 62.13% Fe, 1.20% Mg, 0.85% C and 1.98% Si. From these data seen increase in the Fe content of 10.09%, accompanied with a decrease in content impurities in the sponge iro

Gambaran Anatomi Mikroskopik Dan Kadar Malondialdehida Pada Hati Mencit Setelah Pemberian Minyak Kelapa Sawit Bekas Menggoreng

Palm oil has been widely used in Indonesia as cooking oil. Repeated heating at  high temperatures will damage the cooking oils by the formation of peroxide, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol, and hydrocarbon compound. Previous studies reported that giving cooked and oxidized cooking oils to livestocks has resulted in various poisonous phenomena. To examine liver damage caused by using cooked palm oil, 36 male Balb/c mice are divided randomly into 6 groups (n = 6), and to each group were administered orally: (1) water, (2) fresh palm oil, (3) 4 times cooked palm oil, (4) 10 times cooked palm oil, (5) 20 times cooked palm oil, and (6) 40 times cooked palm oil; using gavage needle at a dose of 0,5 ml/100 g body weight/day, once a day for 7 successive days. On the eighth day, part of the liver of each mouse was examined histologically, stained using Hematoxylin-Eosin to count the number of necrotic hepatocytes in 20 centrilobular regions randomly. The number of neutrophils stained using Naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase were also counted in 20 centrilobular regions randomly. The other part of the liver was homogenized to determine the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) using TBARS method. The results show a significant increased (p<0,05) in the number of necrotic hepatocytes, the number of neutrophils, and the concentration of MDA of the groups treated with 10, 20, and 40 times cooked  palm oil compared with the group treated with  fresh palm oil. Further studies about the toxicology of cooked palm oils are warranted to elucidate the biomolecular basis underlying the xenobiotic metabolism and the defence mechanisms of the liver

Automated Text Summarization for Indonesian Article Using Vector Space Model

In a scientific work, an abstract always contains main information of an article including at least a researched problem, aim(s), methodology, and result of the study. Writing an abstract requires a conscientious analysis since the contents would affect both the readers’ interestedness and disinterestedness on a particular or overall research topic. However, people generally write manually by summarizing the article. The aim of this study is constructing automation for summarizing Indonesian articles as an alternative approach to an abstract. This is involving two methods to summarize an article. A Term Frequency-inverse Document Frequency is used to get a keyword and weight terms, and a Vector Space Model is utilized to represent abstract text into a vector that used to identify the linkage of documents. From this method, the result of the summary can be generated from documents. Supporting this research, we used several journal articles written by a manual abstract. The results of this application show that the automatic summarization produces a paragraph which consists of more than three same sentences constantly as compared to manual paragraphing

Legitimacy in REDD+ governance in Indonesia

This paper addresses the question of legitimacy in REDD+ governance in Indonesia. It develops a legitimacy framework that builds on elements of Scharpf (J Eur Pub Policy 4(1):18–36, 1997) input and output legitimacy concept and the political economy lens described by Brockhaus and Angelsen (Analysing REDD+: Challenges and choices, CIFOR, Bogor, 2012). Using data collected through key informant interviews and focus groups, we identify and explore stakeholder perceptions of legitimacy. The analysis reveals a complex interplay between input and output legitimacy, finding that state, non-state and hybrid actors perceive output legitimacy (i.e. project outcomes) as highly dependent on the level of input legitimacy achieved during the governance process. Non-state actors perceive proxies for input legitimacy, such as participation and inclusion of local people, as goals in themselves. In the main, they perceive inclusion to be integral to the empowerment of local people. They perceive output legitimacy as less important because of the intangibility of REDD+ outcomes at this stage in the process. The findings also highlight the challenges associated with measuring the legitimacy of REDD+ governance in Indonesia

The secreted triose phosphate isomerase of Brugia malayi is required to sustain microfilaria production in vivo

Human lymphatic filariasis is a major tropical disease transmitted through mosquito vectors which take up microfilarial larvae from the blood of infected subjects. Microfilariae are produced by long-lived adult parasites, which also release a suite of excretory-secretory products that have recently been subject to in-depth proteomic analysis. Surprisingly, the most abundant secreted protein of adult Brugia malayi is triose phosphate isomerase (TPI), a glycolytic enzyme usually associated with the cytosol. We now show that while TPI is a prominent target of the antibody response to infection, there is little antibody-mediated inhibition of catalytic activity by polyclonal sera. We generated a panel of twenty-three anti-TPI monoclonal antibodies and found only two were able to block TPI enzymatic activity. Immunisation of jirds with B. malayi TPI, or mice with the homologous protein from the rodent filaria Litomosoides sigmodontis, failed to induce neutralising antibodies or protective immunity. In contrast, passive transfer of neutralising monoclonal antibody to mice prior to implantation with adult B. malayi resulted in 60–70% reductions in microfilarial levels in vivo and both oocyte and microfilarial production by individual adult females. The loss of fecundity was accompanied by reduced IFNγ expression by CD4+ T cells and a higher proportion of macrophages at the site of infection. Thus, enzymatically active TPI plays an important role in the transmission cycle of B. malayi filarial parasites and is identified as a potential target for immunological and pharmacological intervention against filarial infections