Wave focusing using symmetry matching in axisymmetric acoustic gradient index lenses

Copyright 2013 American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. The following article appeared in Romero García, V.; Cebrecos Ruiz, A.; Picó Vila, R.; Sánchez Morcillo, VJ.; García-Raffi, LM.; Sánchez Pérez, JV. (2013). Wave focusing using symmetry matching in axisymmetric acoustic gradient index lenses. Applied Physics Letters. 103(26):264106-264106. doi:10.1063/1.4860535 and may be found at http://scitation.aip.org/The symmetry matching between the source and the lens results in fundamental interest for lensing applications. In this work, we have modeled an axisymmetric gradient index (GRIN) lens made of rigid toroidal scatterers embedded in air considering this symmetry matching with radially symmetric sources. The sound amplification obtained in the focal spot of the reported lens (8.24 dB experimentally) shows the efficiency of the axisymmetric lenses with respect to the previous Cartesian acoustic GRIN lenses. The axisymmetric design opens new possibilities in lensing applications in different branches of science and technology.The work was supported by Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and European Union FEDER through Project Nos. FIS2011-29734-C02-01 and -02 and PAID 2012/253. V. R. G. is grateful for the support of post-doctoral contracts of the UPV CEI-01-11.Romero García, V.; Cebrecos Ruiz, A.; Picó Vila, R.; Sánchez Morcillo, VJ.; García-Raffi, LM.; Sánchez Pérez, JV. (2013). Wave focusing using symmetry matching in axisymmetric acoustic gradient index lenses. Applied Physics Letters. 103(26):264106-264106. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4860535S26410626410610326John, S. (1987). Strong localization of photons in certain disordered dielectric superlattices. 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Refractive Acoustic Devices for Airborne Sound. Physical Review Letters, 88(2). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.88.023902Krokhin, A. A., Arriaga, J., & Gumen, L. N. (2003). Speed of Sound in Periodic Elastic Composites. Physical Review Letters, 91(26). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.91.264302Sánchez-Pérez, J. V., Caballero, D., Mártinez-Sala, R., Rubio, C., Sánchez-Dehesa, J., Meseguer, F., … Gálvez, F. (1998). Sound Attenuation by a Two-Dimensional Array of Rigid Cylinders. Physical Review Letters, 80(24), 5325-5328. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.80.5325Sheng, P. (1995). Wave Scattering and the Effective Medium. Introduction to Wave Scattering, Localization, and Mesoscopic Phenomena, 49-113. doi:10.1016/b978-012639845-8/50003-4Mei, J., Liu, Z., Wen, W., & Sheng, P. (2006). Effective Mass Density of Fluid-Solid Composites. Physical Review Letters, 96(2). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.96.024301Lin, S.-C. S., Huang, T. J., Sun, J.-H., & Wu, T.-T. (2009). Gradient-index phononic crystals. Physical Review B, 79(9). doi:10.1103/physrevb.79.094302Zigoneanu, L., Popa, B.-I., & Cummer, S. A. (2011). Design and measurements of a broadband two-dimensional acoustic lens. Physical Review B, 84(2). doi:10.1103/physrevb.84.024305Li, Y., Liang, B., Tao, X., Zhu, X., Zou, X., & Cheng, J. (2012). Acoustic focusing by coiling up space. Applied Physics Letters, 101(23), 233508. doi:10.1063/1.4769984Yang, S., Page, J. H., Liu, Z., Cowan, M. L., Chan, C. T., & Sheng, P. (2004). Focusing of Sound in a 3D Phononic Crystal. Physical Review Letters, 93(2). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.93.024301Luo, C., Johnson, S. G., Joannopoulos, J. D., & Pendry, J. B. (2002). All-angle negative refraction without negative effective index. Physical Review B, 65(20). doi:10.1103/physrevb.65.201104Ke, M., Liu, Z., Qiu, C., Wang, W., Shi, J., Wen, W., & Sheng, P. (2005). Negative-refraction imaging with two-dimensional phononic crystals. Physical Review B, 72(6). doi:10.1103/physrevb.72.064306SAMIMY, M., KIM, J.-H., KEARNEY-FISCHER, M., & SINHA, A. (2010). Acoustic and flow fields of an excited high Reynolds number axisymmetric supersonic jet. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 656, 507-529. doi:10.1017/s0022112010001357Choe, Y., Kim, J. W., Shung, K. K., & Kim, E. S. (2011). Microparticle trapping in an ultrasonic Bessel beam. Applied Physics Letters, 99(23), 233704. doi:10.1063/1.3665615Baac, H. W., Ok, J. G., Maxwell, A., Lee, K.-T., Chen, Y.-C., Hart, A. J., … Guo, L. J. (2012). Carbon-Nanotube Optoacoustic Lens for Focused Ultrasound Generation and High-Precision Targeted Therapy. Scientific Reports, 2(1). doi:10.1038/srep00989Chang, T. M., Dupont, G., Enoch, S., & Guenneau, S. (2012). Enhanced control of light and sound trajectories with three-dimensional gradient index lenses. New Journal of Physics, 14(3), 035011. doi:10.1088/1367-2630/14/3/035011Sanchis, L., Yánez, A., Galindo, P. L., Pizarro, J., & Pastor, J. M. (2010). Three-dimensional acoustic lenses with axial symmetry. Applied Physics Letters, 97(5), 054103. doi:10.1063/1.3474616Gomez-Reino, C., Perez, M. V., & Bao, C. (2002). Gradient-Index Optics. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-04741-5Romero-García, V., Sánchez-Pérez, J. V., Castiñeira-Ibáñez, S., & Garcia-Raffi, L. M. (2010). Evidences of evanescent Bloch waves in phononic crystals. Applied Physics Letters, 96(12), 124102. doi:10.1063/1.3367739Climente, A., Torrent, D., & Sánchez-Dehesa, J. (2010). Sound focusing by gradient index sonic lenses. Applied Physics Letters, 97(10), 104103. doi:10.1063/1.3488349Martin, T. P., Nicholas, M., Orris, G. J., Cai, L.-W., Torrent, D., & Sánchez-Dehesa, J. (2010). Sonic gradient index lens for aqueous applications. Applied Physics Letters, 97(11), 113503. doi:10.1063/1.348937

RNA-seq transcriptome analysis provides candidate genes for resistance to Tomato leaf cur New Delhi virus in melon

[EN] Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) emerged in the Mediterranean Basin in 2012 as the first DNA bipartite begomovirus (Geminiviridae family), causing severe yield and economic losses in cucurbit crops. A major resistance locus was identified in the wild melon accession WM-7 (Cucumis melo kachri group), but the mechanisms involved in the resistant response remained unknown. In this work, we used RNA-sequencing to identify disease-associated genes that are differentially expressed in the course of ToLCNDV infection and could contribute to resistance. Transcriptomes of the resistant WM-7 genotype and the susceptible cultivar Piñonet Piel de Sapo (PS)(C. melo ibericus group) in ToLCNDV and mock inoculated plants were compared at four time points during infection (0, 3, 6, and 12 days post inoculation). Different gene expression patterns were observed over time in the resistant and susceptible genotypes in comparison to their respective controls. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ToLCNDV-infected plants were classified using gene ontology (GO) terms, and genes of the categories transcription, DNA replication, and helicase activity were downregulated in WM-7 but upregulated in PS, suggesting that reduced activity of these functions reduces ToLCNDV replication and intercellular spread and thereby contributes to resistance. DEGs involved in the jasmonic acid signaling pathway, photosynthesis, RNA silencing, transmembrane, and sugar transporters entail adverse consequences for systemic infection in the resistant genotype, and lead to susceptibility in PS. The expression levels of selected candidate genes were validated by qRT-PCR to corroborate their differential expression upon ToLCNDV infection in resistant and susceptible melon. Furthermore, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) with an effect on structural functionality of DEGs linked to the main QTLs for ToLCNDV resistance have been identified. The obtained results pinpoint cellular functions and candidate genes that are differentially expressed in a resistant and susceptible melon line in response to ToLCNDV, an information of great relevance for breeding ToLCNDV-resistant melon cultivars.This work was supported by grants AGL201785563-C2-1-R and RTA2017-00061-C03-03 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by "ERDF A way of making Europe," by grant PID2020-116055RB-C21 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033; and by PROMETEO projects 2017/078 and 2021/072 (to promote excellence groups) by the Conselleria d'Educacio, Investigacio, Cultura i Esports (Generalitat Valenciana).Sáez-Sánchez, C.; Flores-León, A.; Montero-Pau, J.; Sifres, A.; Dhillon N.P.S:; López, C.; Picó, B. (2022). RNA-seq transcriptome analysis provides candidate genes for resistance to Tomato leaf cur New Delhi virus in melon. Frontiers in Plant Science. 12:1-26. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.7988581261

First Report of Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus Infecting Cucumber and Zucchini in Algeria

This work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades, cofunded with FEDER funds (project nos. AGL2017-85563-C2-1-R and RTA2017-00061-0O3-03 [INIA]) and the programa para grupos de investigacion de excelencia from the Conselleria d'Educacio, Investigacio, Cultura i Esport, (Generalitat Valenciana) (Prometeo Program 2017/078). A. Kheireddine thanks the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union for her mobility project (KA107 2018-20). C. Saez is a recipient of a predoctoral fellowship from Generalitat Valenciana, cofunded by the Operational Program of the European Social Fund (FSECV 2014-2020) (grant no. ACIF/2016/188). Plant Dis. 104: 1264, 2020; published online as https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-19-2091PDN.Accepted for publication 19 December 2019.Kheireddine, A.; Sáez-Sánchez, C.; Sifres Cuerda, AG.; Picó Sirvent, MB.; López Del Rincón, C. (2020). First Report of Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus Infecting Cucumber and Zucchini in Algeria. Plant Disease. 104(4):1264-1264. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-19-2091-PDNS12641264104

Transcriptome analysis in blood cells from children reveals potential early biomarkers of metabolic alterations

OBJECTIVES: The development of effective strategies to prevent childhood obesity and its comorbidities requires new, reliable early biomarkers. Here, we aimed to identify in peripheral blood cells potential transcript-based biomarkers of unhealthy metabolic profile associated to overweight/obesity in children. METHODS: We performed a whole-genome microarray analysis in blood cells to identify genes differentially expressed between overweight and normal weight children to obtain novel transcript-based biomarkers predictive of metabolic complications. RESULTS: The most significant enriched pathway of differentially expressed genes was related to oxidative phosphorylation, for which most of genes were downregulated in overweight versus normal weight children. Other genes were involved in carbohydrate metabolism/glucose homoeostasis or in lipid metabolism (for example, TCF7L2, ADRB3, LIPE, GIPR), revealing plausible mechanisms according to existing biological knowledge. A set of differentially expressed genes was identified to discriminate in overweight children those with high or low triglyceride levels. CONCLUSIONS: Functional microarray analysis has revealed a set of potential blood-cell transcript-based biomarkers that may be a useful approach for early identification of children with higher predisposition to obesity-related metabolic alterations

Solitary waves in nonlinear phononic crystals

[EN] We discuss two possible regimes of solitary wave formation in acoustic layered media. In the weakly dispersive limit, KdV-type solitons are formed, consisting of broad pulses with a width much larger than the lattice periodicity. Such KdV solitons are shown to exist even far from the weakly dispersive conditions. On the other hand, in the strongly dispersive regime, gap acoustic solitons are demonstrated. They are formed by a fast carrier wave inside the band-gap of the structure, near the Bragg frequency (whose propagation is not allowed in the case of linear waves), modulated by a wide envelope, whose width lies inside the gap. Gap solitons propagate slower than linear waves, or can be even reach a stationary non-propagating state within the medium. The parameters for a realistic acoustic medium supporting both types of solitary waves are discussedThe work was supported by Spanish Ministry of Economy and Innovation (MINECO) and European Union FEDER through project FIS2015-65998-C2-2.Mehrem, A.; Picó Vila, R.; Sánchez Morcillo, VJ.; García-Raffi, LM.; Salmerón-Contreras, LJ.; Jimenez, N.; Staliunas, K. (2016). Solitary waves in nonlinear phononic crystals. Universidade do Porto. 1-7. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/183355S1

Acoustically penetrable sonic crystals based on fluid-like scatterers

We propose a periodic structure that behaves as a fluid fluid composite for sound waves, where the building blocks are clusters of rigid scatterers. Such building-blocks are penetrable for acoustic waves, and their properties can be tuned by selecting the filling fraction. The equivalence with a fluid fluid system of such a doubly periodic composite is tested analytical and experimentally. Because of the fluid-like character of the scatterers, sound structure interaction is negligible, and the propagation can be described by scalar models, analogous to those used in electromagnetics. As an example, the case of focusing of evanescent waves and the guided propagation of acoustic waves along an array of penetrable elements is discussed in detail. The proposed structure may be a real alternative to design a low contrast and acoustically penetrable medium where new properties as those shown in this work could be experimentally realized.We acknowledge financial support by Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad and European Union FEDER through project FIS2011-29731-C02-01 and -02. VRG is grateful for the financial support of the post-doctoral grant from the "Pays de la Loire". ACR is grateful for the support of the Programa de Ayudas e Iniciativas de Investigacin (PAID) of the UPV.Cebrecos Ruiz, A.; Romero García, V.; Picó Vila, R.; Sánchez Morcillo, VJ.; Botey, M.; Herrero, R.; Cheng, YC.... (2015). Acoustically penetrable sonic crystals based on fluid-like scatterers. Journal of Physics D-Applied Physics. 48(2):25501-25510. https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/48/2/025501S255012551048

Nonlinear dispersive waves in repulsive lattices

[EN] The propagation of nonlinear waves in a lattice of repelling particles is studied theoretically and experimentally. A simple experimental setup is proposed, consisting of an array of coupled magnetic dipoles. By driving harmonically the lattice at one boundary, we excite propagating waves and demonstrate different regimes of mode conversion into higher harmonics, strongly influenced by dispersion and discreteness. The phenomenon of acoustic dilatation of the chain is also predicted and discussed. The results are compared with the theoretical predictions of $\alpha$-FPU equation, describing a chain of masses connected by nonlinear quadratic springs and numerical simulations. The results can be extrapolated to other systems described by this equation.The work was supported by Spanish Ministry of Economy and Innovation (MINECO) and European Union FEDER through Project No. FIS2015- 65998-C2-2 and by Project No. AICO/2016/060 by Conselleria de Educacion, Investigacion, Cultura y Deporte de la Generalitat Valenciana. L.J.S.-C. gratefully acknowledge the support of PAID-01-14 at Universitat Politscnica de Valsncia. A. M. gratefully acknowledge to Generalitat Valenciana (Santiago Grisolia program).Mehrem, A.; Jimenez, N.; Salmerón-Contreras, LJ.; García-Andrés, FX.; García-Raffi, LM.; Picó Vila, R.; Sánchez Morcillo, VJ. (2017). Nonlinear dispersive waves in repulsive lattices. Physical Review E. 96(1). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.96.012208S00220096

Enhanced transmission band in periodic media with loss modulation

Copyright (2014) American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. The following article appeared in: Applied Physics Letters 105, 204104 (2014); doi: 10.1063/1.4902387 and may be found at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.490238.We study the propagation of waves in a periodic array of absorbing layers. We report an anomalous increase of wave transmission through the structure related to a decrease of the absorption around the Bragg frequencies. The effect is first discussed in terms of a generic coupled wave model extended to include losses, and its predictions can be applied to different types of waves propagating in media with periodic modulation of the losses at the wavelength scale. The particular case of sound waves in an array of porous layers embedded in air is considered. An experiment designed to test the predictions demonstrates the existence of the enhanced transmission band. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.The work was supported by Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and European Union FEDER through Projects FIS2011-29731-C02-01 and -02, also MAT2009-09438. A.M.Y. would like to thank the Erasmus Mundus Project (WELCOME program) for supporting him. V.R.G. acknowledges financial support from the "Pays-de-la-Loire" through the post-doctoral program.Cebrecos Ruiz, A.; Picó Vila, R.; Romero García, V.; Yasser, AM.; Maigyte, L.; Herrero, R.; Botey, M.... (2014). Enhanced transmission band in periodic media with loss modulation. Applied Physics Letters. 105(20):204104-1-204104-4. doi:10.1063/1.4902387S204104-1204104-410520Figotin, A., & Vitebskiy, I. (2008). Absorption suppression in photonic crystals. Physical Review B, 77(10). doi:10.1103/physrevb.77.104421Figotin, A., & Vitebskiy, I. (2010). Magnetic Faraday rotation in lossy photonic structures. Waves in Random and Complex Media, 20(2), 298-318. doi:10.1080/17455030.2010.482575Erokhin, S. G., Lisyansky, A. A., Merzlikin, A. M., Vinogradov, A. P., & Granovsky, A. B. (2008). Photonic crystals built on contrast in attenuation. Physical Review B, 77(23). doi:10.1103/physrevb.77.233102Kumar, N., Botey, M., Herrero, R., Loiko, Y., & Staliunas, K. (2012). High-directional wave propagation in periodic loss modulated materials. Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, 10(4), 644-650. doi:10.1016/j.photonics.2012.06.003Staliunas, K., Herrero, R., & Vilaseca, R. (2009). Subdiffraction and spatial filtering due to periodic spatial modulation of the gain-loss profile. Physical Review A, 80(1). doi:10.1103/physreva.80.013821Kumar, N., Herrero, R., Botey, M., & Staliunas, K. (2013). Flat lensing by periodic loss-modulated materials. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 30(10), 2684. doi:10.1364/josab.30.002684Psarobas, I. E. (2001). Viscoelastic response of sonic band-gap materials. Physical Review B, 64(1). doi:10.1103/physrevb.64.012303Lee, C.-Y., Leamy, M. J., & Nadler, J. H. (2010). Frequency band structure and absorption predictions for multi-periodic acoustic composites. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 329(10), 1809-1822. doi:10.1016/j.jsv.2009.11.030Laude, V., Escalante, J. M., & Martínez, A. (2013). Effect of loss on the dispersion relation of photonic and phononic crystals. Physical Review B, 88(22). doi:10.1103/physrevb.88.224302Hwan Oh, J., Jae Kim, Y., & Young Kim, Y. (2013). Wave attenuation and dissipation mechanisms in viscoelastic phononic crystals. Journal of Applied Physics, 113(10), 106101. doi:10.1063/1.4795285Hussein, M. I. (2009). Theory of damped Bloch waves in elastic media. Physical Review B, 80(21). doi:10.1103/physrevb.80.212301Andreassen, E., & Jensen, J. S. (2013). Analysis of Phononic Bandgap Structures With Dissipation. Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, 135(4). doi:10.1115/1.4023901Allard, J. F., & Atalla, N. (2009). Propagation of Sound in Porous Media. doi:10.1002/9780470747339Tournat, V., Pagneux, V., Lafarge, D., & Jaouen, L. (2004). Multiple scattering of acoustic waves and porous absorbing media. Physical Review E, 70(2). doi:10.1103/physreve.70.026609Umnova, O., Attenborough, K., & Linton, C. M. (2006). Effects of porous covering on sound attenuation by periodic arrays of cylinders. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 119(1), 278-284. doi:10.1121/1.2133715Romero-García, V., Sánchez-Pérez, J. V., & Garcia-Raffi, L. M. (2010). Evanescent modes in sonic crystals: Complex dispersion relation and supercell approximation. Journal of Applied Physics, 108(4), 044907. doi:10.1063/1.3466988Christensen, J., Romero-García, V., Picó, R., Cebrecos, A., de Abajo, F. J. G., Mortensen, N. A., … Sánchez-Morcillo, V. J. (2014). Extraordinary absorption of sound in porous lamella-crystals. Scientific Reports, 4(1). doi:10.1038/srep04674Kogelnik, H., & Shank, C. V. (1972). Coupled‐Wave Theory of Distributed Feedback Lasers. Journal of Applied Physics, 43(5), 2327-2335. doi:10.1063/1.166149

Risk of cancer in family members of patients with lynch-like syndrome

Lynch syndrome (LS) is a common cause of hereditary colorectal cancer (CRC). Some CRC patients develop mismatch repair deficiency without germline pathogenic mutation, known as Lynch-like syndrome (LLS). We compared the risk of CRC in first-degree relatives (FDRs) in LLS and LS patients. LLS was diagnosed when tumors showed immunohistochemical loss of MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2; or loss of MLH1 with BRAF wild type; and/or no MLH1 methylation and absence of pathogenic mutation in these genes. CRC and other LS-related neoplasms were followed in patients diagnosed with LS and LLS and among their FDRs. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated for CRC and other neoplasms associated with LS among FDRs of LS and LLS patients. In total, 205 LS (1205 FDRs) and 131 LLS families (698 FDRs) had complete pedigrees. FDRs of patients with LLS had a high incidence of CRC (SIR, 2.08; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.56-2.71), which was significantly lower than that in FDRs of patients with LS (SIR, 4.25; 95% CI, 3.67-4.90; p < 0.001). The risk of developing other neoplasms associated with LS also increased among FDR of LLS patients (SIR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.44-2.80) but was lower than that among FDR of patients with LS (SIR, 5.01, 95% CI, 4.26-5.84; p < 0.001). FDRs with LLS have an increased risk of developing CRC as well as LS-related neoplasms, although this risk is lower than that of families with LS. Thus, their management should take into account this increased risk

Recovery from depressive symptoms, state anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder in women exposed to physical and psychological, but not to psychological intimate partner violence alone: A longitudinal study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>It is well established that intimate male partner violence (IPV) has a high impact on women's mental health. It is necessary to further investigate this impact longitudinally to assess the factors that contribute to its recovery or deterioration. The objective of this study was to assess the course of depressive, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and suicidal behavior over a three-year follow-up in female victims of IPV.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Women (n = 91) who participated in our previous cross-sectional study, and who had been either physically/psychologically (n = 33) or psychologically abused (n = 23) by their male partners, were evaluated three years later. A nonabused control group of women (n = 35) was included for comparison. Information about mental health status and lifestyle variables was obtained through face-to-face structured interviews.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Results of the follow-up study indicated that while women exposed to physical/psychological IPV recovered their mental health status with a significant decrease in depressive, anxiety and PTSD symptoms, no recovery occurred in women exposed to psychological IPV alone. The evolution of IPV was also different: while it continued across both time points in 65.21% of psychologically abused women, it continued in only 12.12% of physically/psychologically abused women while it was reduced to psychological IPV in 51.5%. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that cessation of physical IPV and perceived social support contributed to mental health recovery, while a high perception of lifetime events predicted the continuation of PTSD symptoms.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study shows that the pattern of mental health recovery depends on the type of IPV that the women had been exposed to. While those experiencing physical/psychological IPV have a higher likelihood of undergoing a cessation or reduction of IPV over time and, therefore, could recover, women exposed to psychological IPV alone have a high probability of continued exposure to the same type of IPV with a low possibility of recovery. Thus, women exposed to psychological IPV alone need more help to escape from IPV and to recuperate their mental health. Longitudinal studies are needed to improve knowledge of factors promoting or impeding health recovery to guide the formulation of policy at individual, social and criminal justice levels.</p