Las características del desayuno en alumnos de educación obligatoria

The aim of this study was to determine the breakfast of compulsory education students (time, type of food, company). The sample consisted of 345 subjects, 223 students of third cycle primary and 122 students of second cycle of ESO. The instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire on the characteristics breakfast. The results show that children / as primary graduate breakfast better than children / as second cycle of ESO. Following this line of breakfast children better than girls at the stage of compulsory education. The average time for breakfast is 9 minutes and 31 seconds to make it a favorite place is in the kitchen accompanied by parents and siblings.El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer las características del desayuno de los alumnos de educación obligatoria (tiempo, tipo de alimentos, compañía). La muestra estuvo compuesta por 345 sujetos, 223 alumnos de tercer ciclo de primaria y 122 alumnos de segundo ciclo de la E.S.O. El instrumento utilizado para la recogida de datos fue un cuestionario sobre las características del desayuno. Los resultados muestran que los niños/as de tercer ciclo de primaria desayunan mejor que los niños/as de segundo ciclo de la E.S.O. Siguiendo esta línea los niños desayunan mejor que las niñas en la etapa de educación obligatoria. El tiempo medio dedicado al desayuno es de 9 minutos y 31 segundos. El sitio preferido para hacerlo es en la cocinaacompañados por los padres y hermanos

Comparative aspects of the internal reproductive system of males in species of Melolonthinae, Dynastinae, and Rutelinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) from Mexico

The anatomy of the internal male reproductive systems of 12 species of Melolonthinae (Phyllophaga, Chlaenobia, Macrodactylus, Isonychus), six species of Dynastinae (Cyclocephala), and three species of Rutelinae (Paranomala) (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) of Mexico are described. A total of 350 male specimens representing 21 species were collected. From each species, the reproductive systems were obtained by micro-dissection, placed in a liquid fixative, stained, and drawn to scale. The internal genitalia of each species was described and compared among the species examined. The reproductive system of the Melolonthinae species is comprised of two testicles, each with six follicles, two deferent ducts, two accessory glands, two glandular ducts, an ejaculatory duct, and the aedeagus (not described for any of the species examined). The number of testicular follicles per testicle is as reported in different species of other Scarabaeoidea subfamilies. The length of the accessory glands and the ejaculatory duct varies in the species studied. The ejaculatory bulb is present in all of the species of Dynastinae and Rutelinae examined but in only three species of Melolonthinae.Se describió la anatomía del sistema reproductivo interno de los machos en 12 especies de Melolonthinae (Phyllophaga, Chlaenobia, Macrodactylus, Isonychus), seis de Dynastinae (Cyclocephala) y tres de Rutelinae (Paranomala) (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) de México. Se recolectaron un total de 350 ejemplares machos representantes de 21 especies. De cada especie se obtuvieron los sistemas reproductivos por microdisección y fueron colocados en un líquido fijador, después teñidos y dibujados a escala. Se describió la genitalia interna de cada especie y se comparó entre las especies examinadas. El sistema reproductivo de las especies de Melolonthinae consta de dos testículos cada uno con seis folículos, dos conductos deferentes, dos glándulas accesorias, dos conductos glandulares, un conducto eyaculador y el edeago (no descrito en ninguna especie). El número de folículos testiculares por testículo es igual al conocido en diferentes especies de otras subfamilias de Scarabaeoidea. La longitud de las glándulas accesorias y del conducto eyaculador varían dependiendo de cada especie estudiada. Un bulbo eyaculador está presente sólo en tres especies de Melolonthinae y en todas las especies de Dynastinae y Rutelinae examinadas

Lesions of pemphigus vulgaris on irradiated skin

Summary Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune blistering disease produced by IgG autoantibodies against desmoglein (Dsg)3. Lesions on the skin and mucosa can, in rare cases, be induced by radiotherapy. We report a patient with a history of microprolactinoma and PV, who had only oral lesions from the beginning of her illness but 2 months after treatment with radiotherapy for a breast neoplasia, developed skin lesions limited to the irradiated area. Over the following few months, she also developed autoantibodies against Dsg

Prevalence and incidence of arterial hypertension in Peru: a systematic review and meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE: . To determine the prevalence and incidence of arterial hypertension, as well as the prevalence of previous diagnosis of arterial hypertension (self-reported) among the adult population of Peru. MATERIALS AND METHODS.: Systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies available in LILACS, EMBASE, MEDLINE and Global Health. Studies were included if they followed a random sampling approach in adult population. Screening and assessment of manuscripts was carried out independently by two researchers. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to quantify the overall prevalence and incidence of hypertension. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the risk of bias in the manuscripts. RESULTS.: A total of 903 papers were screened, and only 15 were included in the estimation of hypertension prevalence, 8 in the assessment of previous hypertension diagnosis, and 4 for incidence estimations. The pooled prevalence of hypertension was 22.0% (95% CI: 20.0% - 25.0%; I2=99.2%). This estimate was lower in national studies [20.0% (95% CI: 17.0% - 22.0%; I2=99.4%] than in sub-national studies [24.0% (95% CI: 17.0% - 30.0%; I2=99.2%]. The pooled prevalence of previous hypertension diagnosis was 51.0% (95% CI: 43.0% - 59.0%; I2=99.9%). The pooled incidence of hypertension was 4.2 (95% CI: 2.0 - 6.4; I2=98.6%) per 100 person-years. The included studies did not present high risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS.: Our findings show that one in five Peruvians has hypertension, and that four new cases appear per 100 persons per year; in addition, only half of the subjects with hypertension are previously diagnosed

Genetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 from pigs affected with PMWS in Chile reveals intergenotypic recombination

Background: Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is a very small, non-enveloped and icosahedral virus, with circular single stranded DNA genome. This virus is the most ubiquitous and persistent pathogen currently affecting the swine industry worldwide. PCV2 has been implicated as the major causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), a disease which is characterized by severe immunosuppressive effects in the porcine host. Worldwide PCV2 isolates have been classified into four different genotypes, PCV2a, PCV2b, PCV2c and PCVd. The goal of this work was to conduct the first phylogenetic analysis of PCV2 in Chile. Methods: PCV2 partial ORF2 sequences (462 nt) obtained from 29 clinical cases of PMWS in 22 Chilean intensive swine farms, covering over the 90% of the local pork-production, were analyzed. Results: 14% and 52% of sequences belonged to the genotypes PCV2a and PCV2b, respectively. Surprisingly, 34% of sequences were PCV2a/PCV2d recombinant viruses. Conclusions: Our findings suggested that a novel cluster of Chilean sequences emerged resulting from intergenotypic recombination between PCV2a and PCV2d

“To be myself again”: Perceived benefits of group-based exercise for colorectal cancer patients.

Purpose: To explore the perceived benefits of a group-based exercise program for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) undergoing chemotherapy treatment. Methods: In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with all participants (n = 25) at the end of the exercise program (patients, relatives and healthcare professionals). The exercise instructor in charge of the exercise program with CRC patients also collected observational field notes throughout a research diary. Results: Three main themes related to exercise as a coping strategy were obtained: (a) physical recovery; (b) psychosocial well-being, and (c) reconnection with their embodied selves and normal lives. Physical recovery included a perceived increase in fitness and a reduction in physical side-effects. Psychosocial well-being included perceived benefits in self-confidence, sense of control, reduced fear, feeling of being useful, sense of achievement, positive thinking and avoiding depression. All the physical and psychosocial benefits helped patients reconnect with their embodied selves, engage in activities practised before the diagnoses, improve their body image, avoid stigma, and increase their social life beyond cancer diagnoses. In this sense, some patients held on to their past selves, trying to keep or recover normality in their lives, while others acknowledged that they might not be the same person anymore, with exercise being part of this new identity. Conclusions: This study shows that exercise is a coping strategy that benefitted CRC patients in several ways related to their physical and psychosocial quality of life

Fauna de scarabaeoidea (INSECTA: COLEOPTERA) de Calmeca, Tepexco, Puebla, México

A comparative study of Coleoptera Scarabaeoidea in the community of Calmeca, Tepexco, Puebla, Mexico is presented. Samples of beetles were taken from November 2013 to November 2014 in a place with induced pasture land with neighboring crops (SP) and a site representative of deciduous forest with secondary vegetation (SC). By mean of necrotraps, rotten fruit traps and hand collecting, 945 specimens were obtained, representing 28 species in six families of Scarabaeoidea. The SP had the highest species richness with 27 species; the most abundant species was E. intermedius (30.19%) with 257 specimens, followed by D. gazella (14.33%) with 122 specimens. In the SC the most abundant species were C. (C.) humectus (20.21%) and C. (C.) pluto (20.21%) each with 19 specimens collected. No significant differences between the two sampling sites (p = 0.111) were found. The Calmeca beetle community was grouped in eight feeding guilds. At both sites most recorded species belong to the coprophagous guild (SP 37% & SC 53%), the necrophagous guild (SP 14.8% & SC 26.6%) and the phytophagous guild (SP 18% & SC 13%). The SP had a higher functional richness with eight guilds, compared with the SC with four guilds; in the SC no species of predator, antophilous, and rhizophagus guilds were recorded.RESUMEN. Se presenta un estudio comparativo de los coleópteros Scarabaeoidea establecidos en la comunidad de Calmeca, Tepexco, Puebla, México. Se realizaron muestreos de noviembre de 2013 a noviembre de 2014 en dos sitios, un sitio de potrero con cultivos aledaños (SP) ubicado a 1,389 msnm y un sitio representativo de selva baja caducifolia con vegetación secundaria (SC) ubicado a 1,441 msnm. Mediante el uso de necrotrampas, trampas de fruta y recolecta directa se  obtuvieron 945 ejemplares, representantes de 28 especies distribuidas en seis familias de Scarabaeoidea. La mayor riqueza se presentó en el SP con 27 especies, de las cuales las más abundantes fueron E. intermedius (30.19%) con 257 ejemplares, seguida de D. gazella (14.33%) con 122 ejemplares. Por otra parte en el SC las especies másabundantes fueron C. (C.) humectus (20.21%) y C. (C.) pluto (20.21%) cada una con 19 ejemplares recolectados. Con respecto a la diversidad, no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los dos sitios de muestreo (p = 0.111). La comunidad de escarabajos de Calmeca se agrupó en ocho gremios alimentarios. En ambos sitios la mayoría de las especies registradas pertenecen a los gremios coprófago (SP 37% y SC 53%), necrófago (SP 14.8% y SC 26.6%) y filófago (SP 18% y SC 13%). El SP presentó una mayor riqueza funcional (ocho gremios) que el SC (cuatro gremios), en este último no se registraron especies de los gremios depredador, antófilo, rizófago y detritívoro

Plasmonically-enhanced all-optical integrated phase-change memory

This is the final version. Available on open access from the Optical Society of America via the DOI in this record.Integrated phase-change photonic memory devices offer a novel route to non-volatile storage and computing that can be carried out entirely in the optical domain, obviating the necessity for time and energy consuming opto-electrical conversions. Such memory devices generally consist of integrated waveguide structures onto which are fabricated small phase-change memory cells. Switching these cells between their amorphous and crystalline states modifies significantly the optical transmission through the waveguide, so providing memory, and computing, functionality. To carry out such switching, optical pulses are sent down the waveguide, coupling to the phase-change cell, heating it up, and so switching it between states. While great strides have been made in the development of integrated phase-change photonic devices in recent years, there is always a pressing need for faster switching times, lower energy consumption and a smaller device footprint. In this work, therefore, we propose the use of plasmonic enhancement of the light-matter interaction between the propagating waveguide mode and the phase-change cell as a means to faster, smaller and more energy-efficient devices. In particular, we propose a form of plasmonic dimer nanoantenna of significantly sub-micron size that, in simulations, offers significant improvements in switching speeds and energies. Write/erase speeds in the range 2 to 20 ns and write/erase energies in the range 2 to 15 pJ were predicted, representing improvements of one to two orders of magnitude when compared to conventional device architectures.Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC