Diferencias nas decisões utilitárias e morais entre homens e mulheres

Objective. Moral judgments are based on decisions that take into account the representation of norms and law, values, functionality and situations themselves. Morality has been studied with “hypothetic moral dilemmas”, in order to identify the type of outcome and the process behind moral reasoning. But judgments by themselves are not enough to establish differences in the type of resolution or the relationship with other cognitive processes. The present paper aimed to compare performance in tasks of utility maximization, cognitive control, and moral judgments, taking into account sex and other sociodemographic variables. Method. Seventy-three university students participated (50 women, 20 men and 3 with unreported gender, the average age was 19.53 years (SD = 1.68 years). The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) was used to identify behaviors of utility maximization. In addition, we used the switch costs and the web application of moral machine tasks. Results. A difference between variables of the IGT, but no differences in the switch costs task were found. Conclusion. Regarding moral judgment, males gave more value to respect norms than females. Some variables of the IGT task support outcomes related to differences between sexes. Results are congruent with differences shown in existing literature.Objetivo. Los juicios morales se basan en decisiones que toman en cuenta la representación de las normas y la ley, los valores, la funcionalidad y la situación en sí. La moral se ha estudiado con "dilemas morales hipotéticos" para identificar el tipo de resultado y el proceso detrás del razonamiento moral. No obstante, los juicios en sí mismos no son suficientes para establecer diferencias en el tipo de resolución o la relación con otros procesos cognitivos. Por lo anterior, el presente estudio buscó comparar el desempeño en tareas de maximización de la utilidad, control cognitivo y juicios morales, teniendo en cuenta el sexo y otras variables sociodemográficas. Método. Participaron 73 estudiantes universitarios (50 mujeres, 20 hombres y 3 con sexo no reportado, la edad promedio fue 19.53 años (DE = 1.68 años). El Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) se utilizó para identificar comportamientos de maximización de la utilidad. Además, el estudio empleó la prueba de cambios de tarea y la aplicación web Máquina Moral. Resultados. Se encontró una diferencia entre las variables de IGT, sin observar diferencias en la prueba de cambios de tarea. Conclusión. En cuanto al juicio moral, los hombres dieron más valor al cumplimiento de normas que las mujeres. Algunas variables de la tarea IGT apoyan las diferencias entre los sexos. Los resultados son congruentes con las diferencias mostradas por la literatura.Escopo. Os juízos morais estão baseados em decisões que levam em conta a representação das normas e a lei, os valores, a funcionalidade e a situação concreta. A moral tem se estudado com “dilemas morais hipotéticos” para identificar o tipo de resultado e o processo detrás do razoamento moral. Mas os juízos em si não são suficientes para estabelecer diferencias no tipo de resolução ou a relação com outros processos cognitivos. Por tanto, o escopo de este estudo foi comparar o desempenho em tarefas de maximização da utilidade, controle cognitivo e juízos morais, levando em conta o sexo e outras variáveis sócio demográficas. Metodologia. Participaram 73 estudantes universitários (50 mulheres, 20 homens e 3 com sexo não reportado, a idade de média foi de19.3 anos, (DE = 1.68 anos). O Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) foi utilizado para identificar comportamentos de maximização da utilidade. Além, o estudo empregou a prova de mudança de tarefa e a aplicação web Máquina Moral. Resultados. Foi achada uma diferencia entre as variáveis de IGT, mas não há diferencias na prova de mudança de tarefa. Em quanto ao juízo moral, os homens deram mais valor ao cumprimento de normas que as mulheres. Algumas variáveis da tarefa IGT apoiam as diferencias entre os sexos. Conclusão. Os resultados são congruentes com as diferencias mostradas na literatura

Estimación de ancho de banda disponible por generación de paquetes de prueba a través de NetFPGA

Estimate the available bandwidth required of appropriate measurements and analysis of packet flows produced and the measures contained in them, errors associated with generating and receiving test packets cannot be controlled and are outside the scope of tools estimation. Incorrect timestamp of test packets, using standard network card, the not using the real capacity of transmission of the network interfaces, receiving packets out of order, replication, packet corruption, among others, hinder the correct measurement of available bandwidth. The interchange of process in the operating system ago to be added unnecessary time between sending test packets and therefore are added errors in estimating the available bandwidth. The purpose of this article is to design a mechanism that allows for the generation of test packets at the hardware level using a technology called NetFPGA. This platform allows you to modify their behavior by having programmable logic arrays to generate and transmit packets to the link speed and in turn, interact with the software tool called Traceband estimate. The results raised the various modules for generating test packets and dialing the timestamp sent to the RAM of the NetFPGA; In addition to describing how the NetFPGA and Traceband must communicate it is through Traceband Register module.Estimar el ancho de banda disponible requiere mediciones y análisis adecuados de los flujos de paquetes producidos donde, errores asociados a la generación y recepción de paquetes de prueba son complejos de controlar y en algunos casos están fuera del alcance de las herramientas de estimación. La marcación incorrecta de los paquetes, el uso de tarjetas de red estándar, el no uso de la capacidad real de transmisión, la recepción de los paquetes fuera de orden, la replicación, la manipulación inadecuada de las herramientas de estimación, entre otros, obstaculizan la correcta medición del ancho de banda disponible. A su vez, el rendimiento y precisión impuestos por el sistema operativo, el cual no permite dar prioridad al proceso a la generación, envío y recepción de los paquetes de prueba, son procesos complejos de controlar y en algunos casos están fuera del alcance de las herramientas de estimación. A continuación, se presenta el diseño de una herramienta que permite la generación de paquetes de prueba a nivel de hardware utilizando NetFPGA. Esta plataforma permite modificar su comportamiento por los arreglos lógicos programables que posee para generar y transmitir paquetes a velocidad del enlace e interactúa con la herramienta software de estimación de ancho de banda disponible llamada Traceband. Su diseño contiene diversos módulos que realizan la generación de los paquetes de prueba, la marcación del timestamp de envío de los paquetes de prueba y describe la forma en que la NetFPGA y Traceband se comunican a través del módulo Traceband Register

ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BRACHIARIA RUZIZIENSIS X BRACHIARIA BRIZANTHA HYBRID UNDER HUMID TROPICAL CONDITIONS

El híbrido Brachiaria ruziziensis x Brachiaria brizantha (pasto Mulato) ha sido lanzado como forraje tropical altamente productivo. Esta nueva opción se está probando en Pucallpa en un ensayo de campo en una combinación de dosis de fertilizantes NP (0, 75 y 150 kg / ha / año de N y 0, 25 y 50 kg / ha / año de P). Evaluaciones de establecimientos, como resultado de la medición de las plántulas semana aparición y la cubierta de biomasa en 3, 6, 9, y 12 después de la siembra, como mostró Mulato un forraje con un potencial excelente establecimiento, sobre todo en las plántulas de alta tasa de aparición y la cobertura, y aparentemente tolerante a la deficiencia de N, en comparación con los Brachiaria brizantha.The hybrid Brachiaria ruziziensis x Brachiaria brizantha (pasto Mulato) has been released as a highly productive tropical forage. This new option is being tested at Pucallpa in a field trial under a combination of NP fertilizer rates (0, 75 y 150 kg/ha/year of N and 0, 25 y 50 kg/ha/year of P). Establishment evaluations, resulting from measuring seedling emergence and biomass cover at 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks after planting, showed Mulato as a forage with an excellent establishment potential, particularly with high seedling emergence and coverage rate, and apparently tolerant to N deficiency, as compared with Brachiaria brizantha

Extra-sístoles ventriculares: quando e como tratá-las

Iniciar o tratamento com antiarrítmicos em portadores de extra-sístoles ventriculares pode ser uma questao bem difícil, algumas vezes polêmica, dependendo das circunstâncias. Os batimentos ectópicos ventriculares prematuros sao a manifestaçao mais comum dos distúrbios do ritmo cardíaco, surgindo freqüentemente em pessoas sadias. Esta decisao deve-se basear na presença de sintomas limitantes, alteraçoes estruturais cardíacas e comprometimento da funçao contrátil ventricular. Os mecanismos eletrofisiológicos responsáveis pelo aparecimento das contraçoes ventriculares precoces sao: parasistolia, reentrada e atividade deflagrada. Cada um deles apresenta características definidas, tanto na sua demonstraçao experimental, como na sua exteriorizaçao eletrocardiográfica. A investigaçao completa do paciente com extra-sístoles ventriculares compreende: história clínica, exame físico, eletrocardiograma (em repouso, ambulatorial e durante esforço), ecocardiograma, radioisótopos, ressonância magnética e eletrocardiografia de alta resoluçao. Raramente, utiliza-se: cineangiocoronariografia, cineventriculografia e estudo eletrofisiológico intracardíaco. Serao medicados com antiarrítmicos somente os casos com lesao cardíaca evidente. Incluem-se nesta situaçao: determinadas cardiopatias congênitas, valvopatias, miocardiopatias e insuficiência coronária (aguda ou crônica). Existindo grande risco de morte súbita e sendo a arritmia cardíaca refratária, há necessidade do emprego de métodos terapêuticos nao farmacológicos. Os principais medicamentos antiarrítmicos recomendados sao: amiodarona, propafenona, sotalol, quinidina, procainamida, mexiletine, disopiramida, flecainida, verapamil e difenil-hidantoína. A lidocaína é a única medicaçao exclusivamente de uso parenteral. O emprego destes fármacos pode provocar o aparecimento de novos distúrbios do ritmo ou agravamento das alteraçoes pré-existentes, principalmente quando a funçao ventricular encontra-se gravemente comprometida. Portanto, deve-se prescrever apropriadamente os antiarrítmicos, identificar as condiçoes clínicas do seu aparecimento e evitar, tanto quanto possível, associaçoes de medicamentos

Estimation of available bandwidth by generation of test packets through NetFPGA

Estimar el ancho de banda disponible requiere mediciones y análisis adecuados de los flujos de paquetes producidos donde, errores asociados a la generación y recepción de paquetes de prueba son complejos de controlar y en algunos casos están fuera del alcance de las herramientas de estimación. La marcación incorrecta de los paquetes, el uso de tarjetas de red estándar, el no uso de la capacidad real de transmisión, la recepción de los paquetes fuera de orden, la replicación, la manipulación inadecuada de las herramientas de estimación, entre otros, obstaculizan la correcta medición del ancho de banda disponible. A su vez, el rendimiento y precisión impuestos por el sistema operativo, el cual no permite dar prioridad al proceso a la generación, envío y recepción de los paquetes de prueba, son procesos complejos de controlar y en algunos casos están fuera del alcance de las herramientas de estimación. A continuación, se presenta el diseño de una herramienta que permite la generación de paquetes de prueba a nivel de hardware utilizando NetFPGA. Esta plataforma permite modificar su comportamiento por los arreglos lógicos programables que posee para generar y transmitir paquetes a velocidad del enlace e interactúa con la herramienta software de estimación de ancho de banda disponible llamada Traceband. Su diseño contiene diversos módulos que realizan la generación de los paquetes de prueba, la marcación del timestamp de envío de los paquetes de prueba y describe la forma en que la NetFPGA y Traceband se comunican a través del módulo Traceband Register.Estimate the available bandwidth required of appropriate measurements and analysis of packet flows produced and the measures contained in them, errors associated with generating and receiving test packets cannot be controlled and are outside the scope of tools estimation. Incorrect timestamp of test packets, using standard network card, the not using the real capacity of transmission of the network interfaces, receiving packets out of order, replication, packet corruption, among others, hinder the correct measurement of available bandwidth. The interchange of process in the operating system ago to be added unnecessary time between sending test packets and therefore are added errors in estimating the available bandwidth. The purpose of this article is to design a mechanism that allows for the generation of test packets at the hardware level using a technology called NetFPGA. This platform allows you to modify their behavior by having programmable logic arrays to generate and transmit packets to the link speed and in turn, interact with the software tool called Traceband estimate. The results raised the various modules for generating test packets and dialing the timestamp sent to the RAM of the NetFPGA; In addition to describing how the NetFPGA and Traceband must communicate it is through Traceband Register module

Surgical treatment of type 2 giant mesenteric cyst: case report and literature review

Mesenteric lesions, including cysts, are rare abdominal tumours and in most cases non-neoplastic. They may have an asymptomatic course or present with pain, abdominal distension or intestinal obstruction. The suggested management is surgical resection of the lesions by laparotomy or minimally invasive surgery. We presented the case of a 48-year-old patient with progressive abdominal distension attributed to liver cirrhosis. Ultrasound and computed tomography of the abdomen showed evidence of a giant cyst of the mesentery with no evidence of tumor activity. We therefore decided to perform an exploratory laparotomy with cystectomy and omentectomy, follow-up and pathology report negative for malignancy

Structure and tectonics of the central Chilean margin (31°–33°S): implications for subduction erosion and shallow crustal seismicity

The pre- and current collision of the Juan Fernández Ridge with the central Chilean margin at 31°–33°S is characterized by large-scale crustal thinning and long-term subsidence of the submarine forearc caused by subduction erosion processes. Here, we study the structure of the central Chilean margin in the ridge–trench collision zone by using wide-angle and multichannel seismic data. The transition from the upper to middle continental slope is defined by a trenchward dipping normal scarp with variable offsets of 500–2000 m height. Beneath the scarp, the 2-D velocity–depth models show a prominent lateral velocity contrast of >1 s−1 that propagates deep into the continental crust defining a major lateral seismic discontinuity. The discontinuity is interpreted as the lithological contact between the subsided/collapsed outermost forearc (composed of eroded and highly fractured volcanic rocks) and the seaward part of the uplifted Coastal Cordillera (made of less fractured metamorphic/igneous rocks). Extensional faults are abundant in the collapsed outermost forearc, however, landward of the continental slope scarp, both extensional and compressional structures are observed along the uplifted continental shelf that forms part of the Coastal Cordillera. Particularly, at the landward flank of the Valparaíso Forearc Basin (32°–33.5°S), shallow crustal seismicity has been recorded in 2008–2009 forming a dense cluster of thrust events of Mw 4–5. The estimated hypocentres spatially correlate with the location of the fault scarp, and they highlight the upper part of the seismic crustal discontinuity

Inguinal plasty and appendectomy as treatment for Amyand's hernia: case report and literature review

Amyand's hernia is described as the presence of the caecal appendix within the hernial sac of an incarcerated inguinal hernia. It was reported as an incidental finding in 1% of cases and with evidence of appendicitis in 0.1% of cases. The approach involves performing appendectomy and inguinal repair in the same surgical time, depending on the clinical scenario and the surgeon's decisions. We presented the case of a 76-year-old male patient with a diagnosis of Amyand's right inguinal hernia diagnosed during trans-operative right inguinal plasty

Designing collaborative and ludic activities for teaching programming in teams made up of young people

Hoy en día se cuenta con una industria de software llena de retos, dificultades y alta deserción. Actualmente, el gobierno está luchando contra la falta de mano de obra calificada en el sector TIC del país. Por esto, se debe tener en cuenta que los jóvenes de hoy serán los principales actores de cualquier industria en el mañana y los problemas a los que ellos se enfrenten computacionalmente harán que su capacidad para resolver problemas en el futuro esté llena de experiencia logrando así que la industria del software esté soportada por una generación capaz de sostenerla y mantenerla estable. Basados en las necesidades que tiene el sector TIC del país y el déficit que se presenta en dicho sector, se propone una técnica que busca apoyar y facilitar el proceso de enseñanza de la programación, ya que es importante y necesario formular técnicas que permitan realizar la enseñanza de programación en adolescentes, de manera que ellos la asimilen de la mejor forma. Esta técnica es planteada para el proceso de enseñanza de software basado en la lúdica y la colaboración. Actualmente, está en prueba de concepto y está siendo evaluada por expertos.Nowadays, the software industry has a great number of problems, challenges and high attrition. Currently, the government is fighting against the lack of qualified personnel in the TIC sector of the country. Therefore, it should be noted that today’s youth will be the main players in any industry in the future and the problems that they are facing computationally will make their ability to solve problems in the future will be full of experience thus ensuring that the software industry is supported by a generation able to sustain it and keep it stable. Based on the needs of the TIC sector in the country and the high deficit in the area, this technic is proposed looking forward to support and help teaching processes in programming for teenager students, because its important to formulate mechanisms for an easier and correct assimilation. LudiCoP is a technic for the process of teaching the software development based on ludic and cooperative learning focus. Nowadays, LudiCoP is under a concept proof and its first evaluation is being taken by experts