Dampak Pengelolaan Tinja Terpadu Terhadap Infeksi Ascaris Lumbricoides Di Daerah Kota (I)

A study on the health impact of integrated environmental sanitary management was done in the village of Pisangan Baru, East Jakarta. As an indicator of health status, Ascaris lumbricoides infection in school children was used. The result of the study before the intervention showed that the prevalence of A. lumbircoides infec­tion in school children who lived in RW 06 Pisangan Baru was 46.3% and 45.7% who lived in RW 013. Ex­amination of sewage water in ditches showed 42% positive with A. lumbircoides eggs in RW 06 and 30% in RW 013. The result of soil examination in RW06 was 18% positive while in RW 013 was 20% positive with tion of sewage water in ditches showed 42% positive with A. lumbricoides eggs in RW 06 and 30% in RW 013. The result of soil examination in RW06 was 18% positive while in RW 013 was 20% positive with A. lumbricoides eggs. The result of a post - intervention study showed a prevalence of 33.7% in school children from RW 06 and 25.8% from RW 013, whereas the sewage water examination in ditches around RW 06 was 14% positive with A. lumbricoides eggs and 24% in RW 013. The soil ecamination in RW 06 revealed 6% positive while in RW 013 was 16% positive with A. lumbricoides eggs. The result of the study showed that the impact of intervention was clearly evident on the waste water contamination but not on the reinfection of school children with A. lumbricoides as well as the degree of soil contamination

The Distribution of Liposomal-Methylprednisolone Palmitate (L-MPLP) in Several Organs in Mice After Intra-Peritoneal Injection

This study was to analyze the distribution of liposomal-methylprednisolone palmitate (L-MPLP) as a new drug formulation, in several organs of mice after intra-peritoneal injection. In a previous study, in vitro, the stability and the incorporation of methylprednisolone palmitate into liposome membranes were increased, from 70% to approximately 95% using tetra-ether lipid as a stabilizer of the liposome membrane. Based on this result, the stability of L-MPLP should also be proved, in vivo, that the drug, methylprednisolone palmitate, could be distributed into several organs more effective than in a control group (methylprednisolone palmitate and methylprednisolone as a standard of drug and liposome). Forty-two mice of C3H were divided into 5 study groups. Each group of animals was divided into 6 sub-groups of time from 10 minutes to 48 hours. Each drug was injected intra-peritoneal, blood was drawn from the vein of the tail and the organs i.e. liver, kidneys, spleen, thymus, and bone marrow were extirpated after sacrificing the mice using ether. The distribution of the drug or their metabolites was higher at the minute of 180 and tended to decrease at the time of 48 hours after injection. The higher distribution was shown in the liver and rather high in the spleen, thymus, kidney, and bone-marrow respectively

Identification and quantification of quercetin, a major constituent of Artocarpus altilis by targeting related genes of apoptosis and cell cycle: in vitro cytotoxic activity against human lung carcinoma cell lines

Nine phenolic compounds were identified and quantified in Artocarpus altilia fruit. One of the main compounds was quercetin, which is the major class of flavonoids has been identified and quantified in pulp part of A. altilis fruit of methanol extract. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro cytotoxic assay. Inhibitory concentration 50% concentration was determined using trypan blue exclusion assay. Apoptosis induction and cell cycle regulation were studied by flow cytometric analysis. The expression of apoptosis and cell cycle-related regulatory genes were assessed by RT-qPCR study of the methanol extract of pulp part on human lung carcinoma (A549) cell line. A significant increase of cells at G2/M phases was detected (P<0.05). Furthermore, the pulp of the fruit downregulated the expression of antiapoptosis gene BCL-2 and upregulated the expression of pro-apoptosis gene BAX. CASPASE3 was also activated by the fruit, which started a CASPASE-3-depended mitochondrial pathway to induce apoptosis. As the results, the pulp was the most active in terms of all tests, due to high amount of quercetin in pulp part, 78% of total flavonoids. Taken together, these findings suggested that A. altilis induces apoptosis in a mitochondrial-dependent pathway by releasing and upregulating CYTOCHROME C expression and regulates the expression of downstream apoptotic components, including BCL-2 and BAX

Anti-cancer activities of β-mangostin against oral squamous cell carcinoma

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of malignant tumors with poor prognosis resulting in major morbidity and mortality. The actual curative treatment is usually chemotherapy with concurrent radiation, sometimes combined with surgery. Unfortunately, the strength of the drugs used in chemotherapy causes side effects that can bring discomfort and inconvenience. Herbal remedies have been used for thousands of years with very minimal side effects and clearly merit extended research for their ability to selectively kill cancer cells. The genus of Garcinia is well known as a medicinal plant in Southeast Asia. β-mangostin, a xanthone from the pericarps of various species of Garcinia has been shown to exhibit anti-cancer activities in various human cancer cells. However, no attempt has been made to explore the potential benefits of this xantone for treatment and/or prevention of OSCC. Here, we report that β- mangostin exhibits anti-proliferative effect and induces apoptosis in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines HSC-3 and Ca-922. MTT assay showed that β-mangostin markedly inhibited proliferation of HSC-3 and Ca-922 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The apoptosis induced by β-mangostin was clearly detected by flow cytometry in both cell lines and confirmed by caspase activity assays. Moreover, quantitative RT-PCR revealed that apoptotic activity by β-mangostin in HSC-3 and Ca-922 cells is associated with an up-regulation of caspase - 8 and pro-apoptotic PUMA genes. These results identify β-mangostin as a potential therapeutic agent for human oral squamous cell carcinoma

Therapeutic effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra aqueous extract ointment on cutaneous wound healing in Sprague Dawley male rats

Glycyrrhiza glabra has been reported to have wide applications in the treatment of many human diseases. However, its traditional use in the treatment of wounds has not been validated by any scientific study. Also, its safety in the management of cutaneous wound conditions requires attention. The purpose of the experiment was to investigate the wound healing potential of G. glabra aqueous extract ointment. In vivo design, 120 Sprague Dawley male rats were used. After creating the cutaneous wound, the animals were randomly divided into four groups: untreated control, treatment with Eucerin ointment, treatment with 3 tetracycline ointment, treatment with 3 G. glabra aqueous extract ointment (3 g of G. glabra aqueous extract + 97-g base ointment). At days 10, 20, and 30 after creating the wound, for histopathological and biochemical analysis of the cutaneous wound healing trend, a section was prepared from all dermal thicknesses. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan post hoc test of SPSS-22 software. At days 10, 20, and 30, G. glabra aqueous extract ointment could significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decrease the level of the wound area, total cell, macrophage, lymphocyte, and neutrophil, and enhance the level of wound contracture, fibrocyte, hexuronic acid, and hydroxyproline as compared with the basal ointment and control groups. In conclusion, the present study has demonstrated that the aqueous extracts of G. glabra have properties that render them capable of promoting accelerated wound-healing activity compared with other groups. © 2019, Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature

Response surface optimisation and antioxidant characterisation of high antioxidant soft jelly prepared from Baccaurea angulata fruit juice and Trigona sp. honey using central composite design

The optimum combination of Baccaurea angulata fruit juice (X1 : 15 - 85 ratio) and Trigona sp. honey (TH) (X2 : 15 - 85 ratio) in developing a high antioxidant soft jelly was investigated based on the antioxidant capacity (Y1 ), phenolic (Y2 ), and flavonoid (Y3 ) content. Response surface methodology (RSM), via central composite design (CCD), was used to produce optimal combination effects of the two independent variables (B. angulata fruit juice and TH) for highest recovery of antioxidant capacity (AC), total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC). The polynomial models generated were satisfactory. The lack-of-fit test were higher than p > 0.05 for all three analyses, signifying the suitability of the models in accurately predicting the variations. Predicted values of the analysis agreed with those of the experimental values. An optimum combination of B. angulata fruit juice and TH was developed (ratio 40:40). The sample also exhibited significant FRAP and DPPH radical scavenging activities. Several polyphenols were identified for the samples through UHPLC-MS/MS. In conclusion, B. angulata and Trigona sp. honey have high potentials to be used in fortifying the soft jelly samples, making them prospective food supplements due to their nutritional and health benefit