First record of Erythrocles monodi (Emmelichthyidae) in the north-eastern atlantic

International audienc

Is There a Benefit of Oxaliplatin in Combination with Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer? An Updated Meta-Analysis

Background: Neoadjuvant fluoropyrimidine (5FU or capecitabine)-based chemoradiotherapy (CRT) has been considered the standard of care for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Whether addition of oxaliplatin (OXP) will further improve clinical outcomes is still unclear. Methods: To identify clinical trials combining oxaliplatin in preoperative CRT or perioperative chemotherapy for LARC published until March 2021, we searched PubMed and the Cochrane Library. We also searched for relevant ASCO conference abstracts. The primary endpoint was disease-free survival (DFS). Data were extracted from every study to perform a meta-analysis using Review Manager (version 5.3). Results: A total of seven randomized clinical trials (ACCORD-12, CARO-AIO-04, FOWARC, JIAO, NSABP, PETACC-6, and STAR-01) with 5782 stage II or III rectal cancer patients were analyzed, including 2727 patients with OXP + 5FU regimen and 3055 patients with 5FU alone. Compared with the 5FU alone group, the OXP + 5FU regimen improved DFS (HR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.81–0.99, p = 0.03) and pathologic complete response (pCR) (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.07–1.37, p = 0.002). Patients treated with the OXP + 5FU regimen had significantly less metastatic progression (OR = 0.79; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.94; p = 0.007). Considering adverse events (AEs), there was more grade 3–4 diarrhea with OXP + 5FU (OR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.74–3.32, p < 0.00001). However, there were no significant differences grade 3–4 hematologic AEs (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.87–1.57, p = 0.31). Conclusions: Our meta-analysis with long-term results from the randomized studies showed a benefit of the addition of OXP + 5FU regiment in terms of DFS, metastatic progression, and pCR rate that did not translate to improved OS

Cancer de l’œsophage : radio-chimiothérapie exclusive ou préopératoire ?

International audienc

Radiosensibilité des tumeurs et des tissus sains

International audienceThe place of personalized treatments is highly increasing in medical and radiation oncology. During the last decades, a huge number of assays have been developed to predict responses of normal tissues and tumours. These tests have not yet been included into daily clinical practice but the recent developments of radiation oncology are paving the way of personalized strategies including the risk of tumour recurrence and normal tissue reactions. Concerning tumor radiosensitivity prediction, no test are currently used, even if the radiosensitivity index and the genome-based model for adjusting radiotherapy dose assays seem the most promising with level II of evidence. Commercial developments are under progress. Concerning normal tissue radiosensitivity prediction, single nucleotide polymorphims of prostate cancer patients and radiation-induced CD8 T-lymphocyte apoptosis breast and prostate assays are of level I of evidence. They can be proposed before the beginning of radiotherapy in order to propose personalized treatments according to both risks of tumour and normal tissue radiosensitivity. Commercial developments are also under way.La personnalisation des traitements en oncologie et en radiothérapie prend une place prépondérante dans la prise en charge des patients. Au cours des dernières décennies, un grand nombre de tests visant à prédire la réponse tumorale et le risque de toxicité radio-induite a été développé. L’usage de ces tests n’est pas encore passé dans le domaine de la routine clinique. Cependant, avec l’essor récent de l’arsenal thérapeutique offrant de multiples possibilités thérapeutiques complémentaires ou alternatives, il semble primordial de prendre en compte la situation spécifique et les risques propres à chaque patient avant de débuter une radiothérapie. Il n’est pas encore possible d’utiliser les tests de radiosensibilité tumorale en pratique clinique même si les tests RSI (Radiosensibility Index) et GARD (Genome-based model for Adjusting Radiotherapy Dose) semblent les plus prometteurs avec un niveau de preuve II. Des solutions commerciales sont en attente. Les tests bénéficiant d’un fort niveau de preuve (I) pour évaluer le risque de toxicité sont le radiation-induced CD8 T-lymphocyte apoptosis (RILA) pour les cancers du sein et de la prostate ou la recherche de single nucleotide polymorphims (SNPs) pour le cancer de la prostate. Ils peuvent être proposés aux patients avant le début de leur traitement pour qu'il soit le plus personnalisé possible. Des solutions commerciales sont également en attente

Kinetics of the incorporation of the main phenolic compounds into the lignan macromolecule during flaxseed development

The main flax lignan, secoisolariciresinol diglucoside, is stored in a macromolecule containing other ester-bound phenolic compounds. In this study, NMR and HPLC-UV analyses were performed on flaxseeds harvested at different developmental stages to identify and quantify the main phenolic compounds produced during seed development. Extraction was carried out with or without alkaline hydrolysis to determine if these molecules accumulate in the lignan macromolecule and/or in a free form. Monolignol glucosides accumulate in a free form up to 9.85 mg/g dry matter at the early developmental stages. Hydroxycinnamic acid glucosides and flavonoid accumulate (up to 3.18 and 4.07 mg/g dry matter, respectively) in the later developmental stages and are ester-bound in the lignan macromolecule. Secosiolariciresinol diglucoside accumulates (up to 28.65 mg/g dry matter) in the later developmental stages in both forms, mainly ester-bound in the lignan macromolecule and slightly in a free form