Comparative Study of the Oxidative Degradation of Different 4-Aminobenzene Sulfonamides in Aqueous Solution by Sulfite Activation in the Presence of Fe(0), Fe(II), Fe(III) or Fe(VI)

This study is focused on advanced oxidation technologies (AOTs) using the combined effect of Fe(0–VI)/sulfite systems, that produce mainly SO4 radicals, to remove di erent 4-aminobenzene sulfonamides (SAs), namely sulfamethazine, sulfadiazine, sulfamethizole, from aqueous solutions. Results obtained showed that neither sulfite nor iron alone is able to degrade SAs; however, the combined effect depends on the oxidation state of iron species whose effectiveness to activate sulfite to promote the degradation of SAs increased following this order: Fe(III) < Fe(II) < Fe(0) < Fe(VI). Using Fe(VI)/sulfite, the complete removal of SAs was obtained in 5 min largely surpassing the effectiveness of the other three systems. The sulfonamides’ removal percentage was markedly influenced by sulfite concentration and dissolved oxygen, which improved the generation of oxidant radicals. Response surface methodology was applied, and a quadratic polynomial model was obtained, which allowed us to determine the percentage of SAs degradation as a function of both the iron species and sulfite concentrations. The study of the influence of the water matrix on these AOTs revealed an inhibition of SAs’ removal percentage when using ground water. This is probably due to the presence of different anions, such as HCO3 -, Cl-, and SO4 2- in relatively high concentrations. According to the byproducts identified, the proposed degradation pathways include hydroxylation, SO2 extrusion, and different bond-cleavage processes. Cytotoxicity of degradation byproducts, using MTS assay with HEK 293 and J774 cell lines for the first time, did not show an inhibition in cell proliferation, sustaining the safety of the process.This research was funded by both Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain, grant number CTQ2016-80978-C2-1-R, and CONACyT (Mexico), grant number 407494

Escape distance and escape latency following simulated rapid bird attacks in an Andean lizard, Phymaturus williamsi

Predatory birds represent the greatest risk for many lizard species. However, little is known about the functional relationship between the escape distance and escape latency of lizards during a rapid bird attack. We hypothesised that escape latency and distance in the Andean lizard species Phymaturus williamsi would increase proportionally, but vary according to the means of escape. Over a three-year period we observed seven types of antipredatory behaviour in 98% P. williamsi lizards on simulated predatory bird attacks. Escape distance and latency were positively correlated. 65% of lizards emerged from their refuge within 2 min of an attack. All of these behaviours were positively correlated with escape latency and distance, although we found the former to be more precise. This study contributes to a better understanding of the general antipredatory behaviour in this species of Andean lizard, and will assist in future decisions concerning its conservation.Fil: Fava, Gustavo Alfredo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Centro de Investigaciones de la Geosfera y Biosfera. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones de la Geosfera y Biosfera; ArgentinaFil: Acosta, Juan Carlos. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Argentin

Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK.

BACKGROUND: A safe and efficacious vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), if deployed with high coverage, could contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a pooled interim analysis of four trials. METHODS: This analysis includes data from four ongoing blinded, randomised, controlled trials done across the UK, Brazil, and South Africa. Participants aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned (1:1) to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or control (meningococcal group A, C, W, and Y conjugate vaccine or saline). Participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group received two doses containing 5 × 1010 viral particles (standard dose; SD/SD cohort); a subset in the UK trial received a half dose as their first dose (low dose) and a standard dose as their second dose (LD/SD cohort). The primary efficacy analysis included symptomatic COVID-19 in seronegative participants with a nucleic acid amplification test-positive swab more than 14 days after a second dose of vaccine. Participants were analysed according to treatment received, with data cutoff on Nov 4, 2020. Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 - relative risk derived from a robust Poisson regression model adjusted for age. Studies are registered at ISRCTN89951424 and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04324606, NCT04400838, and NCT04444674. FINDINGS: Between April 23 and Nov 4, 2020, 23 848 participants were enrolled and 11 636 participants (7548 in the UK, 4088 in Brazil) were included in the interim primary efficacy analysis. In participants who received two standard doses, vaccine efficacy was 62·1% (95% CI 41·0-75·7; 27 [0·6%] of 4440 in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group vs71 [1·6%] of 4455 in the control group) and in participants who received a low dose followed by a standard dose, efficacy was 90·0% (67·4-97·0; three [0·2%] of 1367 vs 30 [2·2%] of 1374; pinteraction=0·010). Overall vaccine efficacy across both groups was 70·4% (95·8% CI 54·8-80·6; 30 [0·5%] of 5807 vs 101 [1·7%] of 5829). From 21 days after the first dose, there were ten cases hospitalised for COVID-19, all in the control arm; two were classified as severe COVID-19, including one death. There were 74 341 person-months of safety follow-up (median 3·4 months, IQR 1·3-4·8): 175 severe adverse events occurred in 168 participants, 84 events in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and 91 in the control group. Three events were classified as possibly related to a vaccine: one in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group, one in the control group, and one in a participant who remains masked to group allocation. INTERPRETATION: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has an acceptable safety profile and has been found to be efficacious against symptomatic COVID-19 in this interim analysis of ongoing clinical trials. FUNDING: UK Research and Innovation, National Institutes for Health Research (NIHR), Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Lemann Foundation, Rede D'Or, Brava and Telles Foundation, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Thames Valley and South Midland's NIHR Clinical Research Network, and AstraZeneca

Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK

Background A safe and efficacious vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), if deployed with high coverage, could contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a pooled interim analysis of four trials. Methods This analysis includes data from four ongoing blinded, randomised, controlled trials done across the UK, Brazil, and South Africa. Participants aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned (1:1) to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or control (meningococcal group A, C, W, and Y conjugate vaccine or saline). Participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group received two doses containing 5 × 1010 viral particles (standard dose; SD/SD cohort); a subset in the UK trial received a half dose as their first dose (low dose) and a standard dose as their second dose (LD/SD cohort). The primary efficacy analysis included symptomatic COVID-19 in seronegative participants with a nucleic acid amplification test-positive swab more than 14 days after a second dose of vaccine. Participants were analysed according to treatment received, with data cutoff on Nov 4, 2020. Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 - relative risk derived from a robust Poisson regression model adjusted for age. Studies are registered at ISRCTN89951424 and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04324606, NCT04400838, and NCT04444674. Findings Between April 23 and Nov 4, 2020, 23 848 participants were enrolled and 11 636 participants (7548 in the UK, 4088 in Brazil) were included in the interim primary efficacy analysis. In participants who received two standard doses, vaccine efficacy was 62·1% (95% CI 41·0–75·7; 27 [0·6%] of 4440 in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group vs71 [1·6%] of 4455 in the control group) and in participants who received a low dose followed by a standard dose, efficacy was 90·0% (67·4–97·0; three [0·2%] of 1367 vs 30 [2·2%] of 1374; pinteraction=0·010). Overall vaccine efficacy across both groups was 70·4% (95·8% CI 54·8–80·6; 30 [0·5%] of 5807 vs 101 [1·7%] of 5829). From 21 days after the first dose, there were ten cases hospitalised for COVID-19, all in the control arm; two were classified as severe COVID-19, including one death. There were 74 341 person-months of safety follow-up (median 3·4 months, IQR 1·3–4·8): 175 severe adverse events occurred in 168 participants, 84 events in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and 91 in the control group. Three events were classified as possibly related to a vaccine: one in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group, one in the control group, and one in a participant who remains masked to group allocation. Interpretation ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has an acceptable safety profile and has been found to be efficacious against symptomatic COVID-19 in this interim analysis of ongoing clinical trials

Influencia de FBWX7 en la adquisición de resistencia a paclitaxel en cáncer de mama

Póster presentado en el XXXVII Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular (SEBBM), celbrado en Granada del 9 al 12 de septiembre de 2014.Paclitaxel es un fármaco antimitótico que pertenece al grupo de los taxanos que se emplea en el tratamiento del cáncer metastásico de mama, aunque su utilidad es limitada debido a la aparición de resistencia a esta sustancia. La relación entre la parada de mitosis inducida por paclitaxel y la posterior supervivencia (o muerte) de la célula no se conoce completamente, aunque diversos estudios indican que podría estar implicado el sistema ubicuitina/ proteasoma (UPS) que controla el ciclo celular mediante degradación de diversos reguladores del ciclo. FBXW7 forma parte del complejo de la ubicuitín ligasa SCF FBXW7 y es responsable de la unión a los sustratos. Esta ligasa ubicuitina para su posterior degradación a oncoproteínas como c-Myc, Ciclina E, Notch1, c-Jun y Mcl1, entre otras. Se han encontrado mutaciones o pérdida de función de FBXW7 en numerosos cánceres, por lo que se considera generalmente que FBXW7 es un supresor tumoral. En este trabajo hemos evaluado el posible papel de FBXW7 en la adquisición de resistencia a taxanos en el cáncer de mama. Estudiamos los niveles de expresión de FBXW7 y de los sustratos Aurora A, Ciclina E y Mcl1 mediante análisis inmunohistoquímico en algunas líneas celulares y en 380 cánceres de mama observando que la disminución de expresión de FBXW7 se correlaciona estadísticamente con un aumento en la expresión de los sustratos estudiados, así como con el grado tumoral más agresivo. También estudiamos el efecto del silenciamiento y la sobreexpresión en algunas líneas celulares confirmando la influencia de FBXW7 sobre los sustratos mencionados y su efecto en la muerte por apoptosis tras tratamiento con paclitaxel. Además, la sobreexpresión de FBXW7 en una línea celular resistente a paclitaxel derivada de células MDA-MB-468 provocó un aumento de la muerte celular y una clara disminución de la proteína anti-apoptótica Mcl1 tras el tratamiento con paclitaxel. Por lo tanto, nuestros datos parecen indicar que FBXW7 podría influir en la adquisición de la resistencia a taxanos principalmente a través de su papel en la regulación de Mcl1.N

Anales de Edafología y Agrobiología Tomo 40 Número 7-8

Suelos. Evolución del suelo y de los compuestos húmicos en las etapas intermedias de regresión del bosque climácico en las Villuercas (Cáceres), por F. Velasco y A. Polo.-- Movilidad del plasma en suelos de la sierra de Guadarrama (Madrid), por J. Benayas, J. Gallardo y A. Pinilla.-- Formaciones edáficas del sector N.E. de la provincia de Cuenca. (I) Caracterización del medio, por J. Batlle, J. Gumuzzio y A. Guerra.-- Contribución al estudio de suelos salinos en la submeseta sur (Toledo), por J. Gumuzzio, J. Batlle y A. Guerra.-- Horizontes argicos en suelos sobre rocas intrusivas y metamórficas de la sierra de Guadarrama, por J. Gallardo, T. Aleixandre y A. Guerra.-- Estudio de una secuencia de suelos ecuatorianos desarrollados en la sierra volcánica subtropical húmeda y la llanura tropical (Quevedo-Ecuador), por Juan L. de Olmedo y Guido A. Yanchapaxi.-- Aportación a la génesis de los suelos desarrollados sobre calizas mioplio- cenas de la Alcarria Conquense (II), por J. L. Martín de Vidales, J. Casas, M.A. Hoyos y R. Jiménez Ballesta.-- Estudio de la fracción arcillosa en suelos de estepa de la región pampeana de la República Argentina, por M.A. Pierini, M.A. Pugliere, C.A. Mazza y W. E. Vallejos.-- Estudio mineralógico de las arcillas en suelos de la Navarra húmeda, por Ana M. a Moreno y Jaime Iñiquez.-- The numbers of Rhizobium meliloti and other soil microorganisms as influenced by soil depth, by M.A. Sagardoy.-- Las prácticas agrícolas y sus efectos sobre la fauna de los colémbolos de un suelo de la región semiárida, por D.C. de lzarra.—Fertilidad de Suelos.-- Efecto de la paja y de distintos niveles de nitrógeno en el desarrollo de la cebada, por C. Fortún y V. Remando.-- Incidencia de la paja en el aprovechamiento del fertilizante nitrogenado por un cultivo de trigo, por V. Remando y C. Fortún.-- Aprovechamiento de la paja como abono orgánico en un cultivo de sorgo, por C. Fortún y V. Remando.—Nutrición y Fisiología.-- Estudio de las sustancias de crecimiento aisladas de estaquillas juveniles de Castanea Sativa Mill en relación con la rizogénesis, por Mª T. García, A. Ballester y E. Vieztez.-- U!trastructural modifications and uptake of nutrient elements in Lasallia Pustulata after treatment with different solutions, by C. Ascaso and C. Fortú.-- Componentes fenólicos en extractos de Castanea crenata sieb. et zuec, por M. Cortizo y J. L. G. Mantilla.-- Variación estacional de la actividad biológica y del contenido fenólico en extractos de Castanea crenata sieb. et zucc, por M. Cortizo.-- Efecto de la fertilización nitrogenada y azufrada sobre el crecimiento, superficie foliar y contenido de N, P, K, Ca y Mg en hoja de plantas de judia (Phaeseolus vulgaris, L. ), por F. Ligero, C. Lluch y L. Recalde.-- Influencia del estado de madurez sobre la composición mineral de especies pratenses. III. Cultivares de Dactylis y Festuca, por A. Garcia Ciudad, B. García Criado y L. García Criado.-- Efectos de irradiación con UV lejano y cercano sobre la germinación y el contenido de inhibidores de Helanthus Annuus L., por C.J. Martínez- Honduvilla y J. Baztan.-- Effect of B and GA3 treatments on growth/and B, Cu, Mu and Zn distribution in divarf bean (Phaesols vulgaris, L.) Plants. l. Vegetative stage of development, by M.J. Avila-Rincón, M. V. Gómez-Rodríguez and M.C. Alvarez-Tinaut.-- Effect of boron and GAg treatments on growth and B, Cu , Mn and Zn contents, in divarf bean plants. II. Reproductive stage o f development , by M.J. Avila-Rincón, L . Romero and M. C. A lvarez-Tinaut.-- Efecto de los elementos Li, Na, Rb y Cs sobre el crecimiento y niveles de Adn y Arn en plantas de micotiana rústica, por Carlos Codina Maher, Carmen Morales Pujol y Manuel Serrano García.-- Notas.--BibliografíaPeer reviewe

Programa d’optimització d’antibiòtics: infeccions del tracte urinari en adults

Antibiòtics; Infeccions; Tracte urinari; AdultsAntibiotics; Infections; Urinary tract; AdultsAntibióticos; Infecciones; Tracto urinario; AdultosAl document s’hi aborden les principals infeccions del tracte urinari, es descriuen les recomanacions i accions a dur a terme abans de prescriure un antibiòtic i se n’estableixen criteris de tractament, seguiment i derivació