Anestésicos locales en odontoestomatología

El motivo del presente trabajo es hacer una revisión bibliográfica sobre los anestésicos locales (AL) que son las drogas de más uso en Odontoestomatología y que, merced a su perfeccionamiento, en los últimos años han significado un enorme avance, tanto en los tratamientos odontológicos, para mejorar de forma determinante la operatoria dental, como el confort del paciente en estos procederes. Además al haber añadido a estos anestésicos locales un vasoconstrictor se ha conseguido que se puedan usar dosis menores de anestésico y a la vez que con menos dosis se puede actuar más tiempo y en buenas condiciones para el paciente y el dentista. Se realiza al mismo tiempo un estudio de las posibles interacciones medicamentosas, contraindicaciones, etc. de los distintos componentes de la solución anestésica, así como las posibles reacciones de alergia o de hipersensibilidad a la que puedan dar lugar y que se han de tener muy en cuenta a la hora de su utilización en la cavidad oral.The purpose of the present paper is to carry out a review of the literature on local anesthetics (LAs), which are the most commonly used drugs in dentistry. Thanks to their improvement over the last few years, they have constituted an enormous advance in both odontological treatment - improving the dental operation in a determinant manner, and the comfort of the patient during these procedures. Furthermore, the addition of a blood vessel constrictor to these local anesthetics has meant that a lower dose of anesthetic can be used, which at the same time acts for longer, providing better conditions for both the patient and dentist. In addition, a study is made of the possible drug interactions, contraindications etc. of the different components in the anesthetic solution, and likewise the possible allergic hypersensitive reactions which can take place and which must be taken closely into consideration when used in the oral cavity

Calculation of the Heat Affected Zone Coupled with the Arc Simulation in Tig Welding Process Considering the Marangoni Effect

The present article is focused on a tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding process in two operation regimes, a normal and a constricted one. A computational model is applied for simulations of the liquid weld pool and the heat-affected zone of the workpiece coupled with a simulation of the welding arc. Welding experiments are used for model validation. Temperature profiles obtained from high-speed images with spectral filters correspond well with arc simulation results for both operation regimes

Efektivitas Program Pelayanan Jaminan Kesehatan Daerah (JAMKESDA) di Rumah Sakit Umum Kota Bitung

Hospital is a health care institution that organizes personal health services in plenary thatprovides inpatient, outpatient, and emergency department. In connection with the Hospital opened healthservices through programs that one Regional Health Insurance program (JAMKESDA) which is aprogram for the poor that health care costs are guaranteed by the Government.This study is intended to answer the "Is service health insurance program area (JAMKESDA) in the cityof Bitung is already effective. This study uses a qualitative method. Data source / informant study is thehead of the general hospital one person, public hospital employees 10 people, and participants Jamkesda20 people, so the total number of informants there were 31 people. Primary data collection using thequestionnaire technique and help with the interview.Results of the data analysis showed that the implementation of the regional health insurance servicesprogram (JAMKESDA) in the city of Bitung is already operating effectively, although not optimal. Basedon the results of these studies conclude that it is not optimal effectiveness of the implementation of theRegional Health Insurance services program (JAMKESDA) related to the implementation of satisfactionindicators and indicators of adaptation that has not been effective, both the level of satisfaction ofemployees / employee hospitals and patients and families of patients who have not been satisfied on theservice they received.Referring to some of the findings in this study, then to optimize the achievement of effectiveimplementation of the Regional Health Insurance program (JAMKESDA) in city Bitung forward, needs tobe optimized implementation of satisfaction indicators and indicators of adaptation, through increasing itscapacity to adjust to the dynamics and demands of internal environment and externally

CdTe detector based PIXE mapping of geological samples

A sample collected from a borehole drilled approximately 10 km ESE of Bragança, Trás-os-Montes, was analysed by standard and high energy PIXE at both CTN (previous ITN) PIXE setups. The sample is a fine-grained metapyroxenite grading to coarse-grained in the base with disseminated sulphides and fine veinlets of pyrrhotite and pyrite. Matrix composition was obtained at the standard PIXE setup using a 1.25 MeV H+ beam at three different spots. Medium and high Z elemental concentrations were then determined using the DT2fit and DT2simul codes (Reis et al., 2008, 2013 [1] and [2]), on the spectra obtained in the High Resolution and High Energy (HRHE)-PIXE setup (Chaves et al., 2013 [3]) by irradiation of the sample with a 3.8 MeV proton beam provided by the CTN 3 MV Tandetron accelerator. In this paper we present results, discuss detection limits of the method and the added value of the use of the CdTe detector in this context

Hysteroscopy and pain: what risk factors should we consider in office hysteroscopy? are there really any?

Background: Office hysteroscopy is the gold standard in abnormal uterine bleeding and an indispensable tool in modern gynecology. It is becoming increasingly popular leading to examinations and even operations without anesthesia as it is accurate, cheap and well tolerated. However, pain is still a limitation. The objective of the study was to determine if pain perception is linked to clinical predictors and how well they correlate with pain score.Methods: Prospective observational trial enrolled one hundred and four women; four cases were excluded. One hundred cases were included and analyzed. Selection criteria: patients scheduled for Office Hysteroscopy who accepted to participate and had no contraindication for procedure.Results: A ten centimeter visual analogue scale was used for pain evaluation. Presumed variables such as menopause, pelvic pain, previous cesarean section and cervical surgery, and body mass index were analyzed by ordered regression using standard statistical software tools.Conclusions: Correlation between predictive factors and pain reporting showed no significance (p>0.05) except for body mass index which was found to significantly correlate to discomfort (p<0.05)

Pain, anxiety and patient satisfaction in office hysteroscopy, is there a link? Are patient satisfaction questionnaires reliable?

Background: Office hysteroscopy is becoming increasingly popular leading to examinations and operations without anesthesia.  Anxiety is always present before an aversive medical intervention and may play a role in pain perception. The objectives of the study were to determine if pain perception is linked to anxiety and how well patient satisfaction questionnaires correlate with pain.Methods: Prospective observational study enrolled one hundred and four women. One hundred cases were included and analyzed. Patients scheduled for office hysteroscopy, who accepted to participate and were able to answer questionnaires.Results: A ten centimeter visual analogue scale was used for pain evaluation and the State anxiety-trait inventory for adults questionnaires for anxiety assessment. Three other satisfaction questionnaires, each consisting of three answers, were also administered and investigated. Analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0 IBM for windows software tools.Conclusions: Correlation between anxiety and pain reporting showed no influence with anxiety trait (p value = 0.4170) and a mild correlation with anxiety state (p value = 0.146). Classification of pain into “no pain”, “mild pain”, “moderate pain” and “severe pain”, should be revised in office hysteroscopy: for visual analogue scale, scores of 2.5 to 3 cm correspond to the lower boundary of moderate pain and scores above limit 6.5 cm should define pain as severe. Satisfaction questionnaires significantly correlated to discomfort (p value <0.001) and may be a practical option to assess tolerance of medical procedures with excellent sensibility and specificity

Granulocytic sarcoma of the small bowel, greater omentum and peritoneum associated with a CBFβ/MYH11 fusion and inv(16) (p13q22): a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Granulocytic sarcoma (GS) is an extramedullary disease which is composed of immature myeloid cells or myeloblasts and usually occurs in association with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), as an initial presentation or a relapse. GS has been associated with various cytogenetic abnormalities, particularly with the t(8;21) translocation and less frequently the inv(16) type.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We present a rare case of GS of the small bowel, greater omentum and peritoneum, which caused obstruction, in a patient with AML associated with a CBFβ/MYH11 fusion gene and an inv(16) (p13q22). In this patient there was only mild myeloid hyperplasia in bone marrow aspiration but molecular analysis identified a CBFβ-MYH11 fusion and inv(16) (p13;q22).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Because of its nonspecific clinical and radiologic findings, this entity can be misdiagnosed and can mimic other solid neoplasms, making it a diagnostic challenge. In a GS with no or minimal morphological changes in bone marrow aspiration it is very important to perform a cytogenetic analysis to benefit from the diagnosis and therapeutic strategy.</p

Alluvial xenotime and heavy minerals assemblage from the northern edge of Nisa-Albuquerque Batholith, eastern Portugal : provenance and geochemical implications

Alluvial xenotime and heavy minerals assemblage from the northern edge of Nisa-Albuquerque Batholith, eastern Portugal : provenance and geochemical implications / Rute Salgueiro... [et al.]. - Amsterdam : Elsevier, 2014. - [18] p. : il., 13 figuras e 8 tabelas ; 30 cm The xenotime-bearing heavy mineral assemblages present in the alluvial samples from Vila Velha de Ródão, Nisa, Póvoa e Meadas and Sto. António das Areias, localized in the northern edge of Nisa-Albuquerque Batholith, Eastern Portugal, were studied in detail. The insights for mineral provenance came from the analysis of the drainage network and from the composition of the regional alluvial samples and outcropping lithologies. Since xenotime is a mineral with economic interest, the motivation of the current work is its contribution for exploration studies, considering the potential information contained in the alluvial samples. In the study region, the alluvial heavy minerals and their morphology reflect clearly the mineralogy and relative distance to their source, respectively. In alluvial samples with direct provenance from the Nisa granite (late Carboniferous), the increase in xenotime concentration and decrease in monazite, apatite, zircon, ilmenite and iron oxide concentration, from W (Nisa) to E (Sto. António das Areias), matches the increase in P2O5 and decrease in REE, CaO, Zr, TiO2, and Fe2O3 contents in granite rocks. The geochemical signature of xenotime studied reveals an igneous source, characterized by the characteristic strong Eu negative anomaly in REE patterns. Their YPO4 values (72–78 mol%) are similar to xenotime from Erzgebirge (Germany) granites. The high values of Y/Ho (50–71) and, in some cases, downward kinks at Ho in REE plots, suggest generation in late stages of crystallization and association with a siliceous evolved magmatic system. The slight decrease in HREE contents in xenotime, from W to E, and Ho anomalies in the normalized REE pattern are similar to those identified in the Nisa granite, which supports the sourcing of xenotime from these granitic rocks. The genetic development of the batholith chemical zonation (more evolved to E) seems to have favoured the generation of xenotime instead of apatite, monazite and zircon, in the eastern end area (Sto. António das Areias). Supporting the geochemical signature, the alluvial zircons also display morphological typologies that are compatible with provenance from peraluminous granites formed at temperatures of 600–700 °C, possibly from the Nisa granite. Since all xenotime grains show the same magmatic affinity, this leads to the hypothesis that the xenotime from the Vila Velha de Ródão sample, with provenance from Cenozoic sedimentary rocks, has been transported to this northern area, after been disaggregated from Nisa batholith granites, most probably by braided anastomosing and erratically sandy channels, that explains its actual position in the opposite bank of the Tagus river. This phosphate has been deposited with other sediments in tectonic depressions and subsequently included in the formation of sedimentary rocks. The greater development of Ca, Th and U phosphate inclusions/substitutions in these xenotime grains can be explained by the chemical mobility provided during all the geological processes

Spectroscopic study of plasma nitrocarburizing processes with an industrial-scale carbon active screen

The active screen plasma nitrocarburizing technology is an improvement of conventional plasma nitrocarburizing by providing a homogeneous temperature distribution within the workload and reducing soot formation. In this study, an industrial-scale active screen (AS) made of carbon-fibre-reinforced carbon serves as the cathode as well as the carbon source for the plasma-chemical processes taking place. The pulsed dc discharge was maintained at a few mbar of pressure while simultaneously being fed with a mixed gas flow of hydrogen and nitrogen ranging from 10 to 100 slh. Using in situ infrared laser absorption spectroscopy with lead salt tuneable diode lasers and external-cavity quantum cascade lasers, the temperatures and concentrations of HCN, NH3, CH4, C2H2, and CO have been monitored as a function of pressure and total gas flow. To simulate industrial treatment conditions the temperature of the sample workload in the centre of the reactor volume was kept at 773 K by varying the plasma power at the AS between 6 and 8.5 kW. The resulting spectroscopically measured temperatures in the plasma agreed well with this value. Concentrations of the various species ranged from 6 × 1013 to 1 × 1016 cm−3 with HCN being the most abundant species