New polymorphic DNA marker close to the fragile site FRAXA

Abstract DNA from a human-hamster hybrid cell line, 908-K1B17, containing a small terminal portion of the long arm of the human X chromosome as well as the pericentric region of 19q was used as starting material for the isolation of an X-chromosome-specific DNA segment, RN1 (DXS369), which identifies a XmnI RFLP. Linkage analysis in fragile X families resulted in a maximum lod score of 15.3 at a recombination fraction of 0.05 between RN1 and fra(X). Analysis of recombinations around the fra(X) locus assigned RN1 proximal to fra(X) and distal to DXS105. Analysis of the marker content of hybrid cell line 908K1B17 suggests the localization of RN1 between DXS98 and fra(X). Heterozygosity of DXS369 is approximately 50%, which extends the diagnostic potential of RFLP analysis in fragile X families significantly

A class of reset linear systems: the reset-delayed linear systems and their structural and stability properties

This work introduces a new class of reset linear systems, called reset-delayed linear systems, which consists of multivariable dynamical systems featuring a continuous-time state evolution interrupted by discontinuities of some, or even all the state variables at isolated time instants. In particular, these discontinuities abide by an algebraic equation imposing that the state variables involved take the same values they respectively had a certain amount of time before the time instant when the discontinuity is triggered. In this way, the evolutions of the state variables involved turn out to be delayed by the amount of time considered in the reset operation. In the presence of suitably chosen forcing actions, reset-delayed linear systems can effectively model repetitive behaviors which imply a discontinuity at the junction between one cycle and the subsequent one. Herein, some structural properties of this class of multivariable linear dynamical systems are studied and the geometric notions of invariance and controlled invariance are formalized and applied to the solution of the disturbance decoupling problem

Stability and Stabilizability of Discrete-time Structured Linear Systems

This work presents a graph theoretic approach to the investigation of stability and stabilizability of discrete-time structured linear systems - i.e., discrete-time dynamical systems defined by linear maps whose entries are only known to be either zero or nonzero (unknown) values. The main result consists in a necessary and sufficient condition for each element of the family of systems represented by a given discrete-time structured linear system to be asymptotically stable. In particular, under the stated condition, convergence to zero of the free state evolution of each system of the family is shown to be achieved in a finite number of steps, through what will be referred to as a dead-beat behavior. The notions of essential state feedback and essential output injection are then introduced and a sufficient condition for stabilizability by essential state feedback and by essential output injection, respectively, is given. An obstruction to stabilizability by essential state feedback or by essential output injection, respectively, is also pointed out

The Model Matching Problem for Max-Plus Linear Systems: a Geometric Approach

Linear systems over the max-plus algebra provide a suitable formalism to model discrete event systems where synchronization, without competition, is involved. In this paper, we consider a formulation of the model matching problem for systems of such class, in which the output of a given system, called the plant, is forced, by a suitable input, to track exactly that of a given model. A necessary and sufficient condition for its solvability is obtained by making a suitable use of geometric methods in the framework of systems over the max-plus algebra

Synchronization and Sub-synchronization Problems for Switching Max-Plus Systems: Structural Solvability Conditions

Switching linear systems over the max-plus algebra can be used to model production plants where different choices in resource allocation are possible. In such case, internal and external variables represent the time instants at which internal or external events occur. In particular, output variables represent the time instants at which lots of manufactured goods are released to the market. Here, we consider the problems of system synchronization and sub-synchronization, which consist in forcing the output of a system to equal or to anticipate the output of a given model. Their solution in the max-plus framework provides a viable strategy to control a given production plant in such a way to comply with a desired production time schedule. Using structural methods and introducing novel structural notions, necessary and sufficient solvability conditions are given. Practical methods to construct solutions are illustrated and discussed

PM 2.5 Adsorption by Bamboo Charcoal Padding in a Close- Ventilated Environment: Air Quality Index Assessment

This study investigates the adsorption of bamboo charcoal padding (BCP) in reducing indoor PM 2.5 levels, aligning with Sustainable Development Goal 3. PM 2.5 concentrations highly pose a risk to human health. Therefore, this study highlights the effectiveness of BCP as an air filter. The methodology employs a quasi-experimental design, specifically the time-series method. With a dependent t-test analysis, the study shows a statistically significant difference in pre- and post-filtration, proving carbon filters, such as BCP, as a reliable material within the context of air filtration. Results indicate a significant decrease in AQI post-filtration (p = 0.030), affirming BCP\u27s effectiveness in reducing PM 2.5. Despite potential inconsistencies due to external factors, BCP demonstrates significant capacity for air purification, supporting its utilization as an air filters in close-ventilated environments. Therefore, this study contributes to the innovative solution for reducing air pollution, specifically PM 2.5 within a closed-ventilated environment