L'industria litica e la fauna del livello 1A dell'area esterna di Paglicci (Promontorio del Gargano)

L’insieme faunistico dello strato 1a contiene i caratteri tipici delle associazioni legate a fasi aride interstadiali a freddo moderato rinvenute nella serie interna della grotta. L’ungulato più abbondante risulta essere il Cavallo, con 63 reperti (44.4%), seguito dallo Stambecco (26.8%), dall’Uro (18.3%) e, con frequenze molto inferiori, da Camoscio, Cervo, Cinghiale e Idruntino. Per la sua struttura tipologica ed il suo grande formato, l’industria del livello 1 A dell’area esterna ci riporta agli insiemi dell’avangrotta – strato 18 A (18 della sequenza dello Zorzi) (Mezzena, Palma di Cesnola 1967), del cunicolo di accesso alla saletta delle pitture – strato 1 e del fondo della sala 1 – strato B, già attribuiti all’Epigravettiano antico “iniziale” (Palma di Cesnola 1979, 1982; Boscato, Palma di Cesnola 2000). Ricordiamo che nell’avangrotta lo strato 18 A si trovava fra il Gravettiano finale del sottostante strato 18B, datato al tetto a 20.200 ca. da oggi ed il soprastante Epigravettiano antico a Foliati dello strato17, datato alla base a 19.600 ca. da oggi. Esso dunque dovrebbe risalire al 20.000 ca. da oggi. Caratteri generali di questo orizzonte iniziale dell’Epigravettiano antico sono: il tenore piuttosto elevato dei Bulini e dei Grattaoi, quantitativamente in equilibrio tra loro, lo scarso sviluppo della Famiglia dei RAD e l’invadenza del Substrato

Analysis of Site Formation and Assemblage Integrity Does Not Support Attribution of the Uluzzian to Modern Humans at Grotta del Cavallo.

Based on the morphology of two deciduous molars and radiocarbon ages from layers D and E of the Grotta del Cavallo (Lecce, Italy), assigned to the Uluzzian, it has been proposed that modern humans were the makers of this Early Upper Paleolithic culture and that this finding considerably weakens the case for an independent emergence of symbolism among western European Neandertals. Reappraisal of the new dating evidence, of the finds curated in the Taranto Antiquities depot, and of coeval publications detailing the site's 1963-66 excavations shows that (a) Protoaurignacian, Aurignacian and Early Epigravettian lithics exist in the assemblages from layers D and E, (b) even though it contains both inherited and intrusive items, the formation of layer D began during Protoaurignacian times, and (c) the composition of the extant Cavallo assemblages is influenced in a non-negligible manner by the post-hoc assignment of items to stratigraphic units distinct from that of original discovery. In addition, a major disturbance feature affected the 1960s excavation trench down to Mousterian layer F, this feature went unrecognized until 1964, the human remains assigned to the Uluzzian were discovered that year and/or the previous year, and there are contradictions between field reports and the primary anthropological description of the remains as to their morphology and level of provenience. Given these major contextual uncertainties, the Cavallo teeth cannot be used to establish the authorship of the Uluzzian. Since this technocomplex's start date is ca. 45,000 calendar years ago, a number of Neandertal fossils are dated to this period, and the oldest diagnostic European modern human fossil is the <41,400 year-old Oase 1 mandible, Neandertal authorship of the Uluzzian remains the parsimonious reading of the evidence

Nota preliminare sul complesso acheuleano della stazione garganica di Forchione

Industria litica di tipo Paleolitico inferior

Sull'industria acheuleana della stazione di Masseria Tiberio. Promontorio del Gargano (Nota preliminare)

Industria litica di tipo Paleolitico inferior

Restes humains des niveaux gravettiens de la Grotte Paglicci (Rignano Garganico) : contexte archéologique, étude anthropologique et notes de paléopathologie

The human remains (isolated teeth and mandibular fragments) were found in a restricted area near the wall of the cave. They date back to 24.720 ± 420 - 20.160 ± 160B.P. The faunal remains together with the characters of the deposit and the absolute chronology allow to assign the Gravettian series to the Wiirm III and its upper portion probably to the Laugerie-Lascaux phase. The lithic industry has been classified into a new italian fades showing only generic resemblances with the classical western european Gravettian industry. The human remains, in spite of their fragmentary condition, are well characterized and show relative homogeneous anthropological features. Resemblances are found with some Epigravettian remains from the same cave and with the Protomagdalenian remains from Abri Pataud and Abri Lachaud. The teeth (the best represented findings) are large as compared to the European recent Upper Paleolithic ones (Frayer, 1978) and show a number of archaic features. The dental pathology is similar to the one described by Brabant in the european Upper Paleolithic.Les restes humains objet de cette étude, qui sont représentés surtout par des fragments de mandibule et par des dents isolées, étaient concentrés dans la portion du dépôt Gravettien située vers la paroi rocheuse de la Grotte Paglicci. Ils ont été datés de 24.720 ± 420 à 20.160 ± 160B.P. Malgré l'intervalle chronologique qui les sépare, ils présentent une relative homogénéité des caractères anthropologiques qui est extensible aux restes Epigravettiens de la même grotte. Les dents (élément le plus représenté) sont de grande dimension par rapport aux dents du Paléolithique supérieur récent d'Europe et elles présentent une morphologie archaïque qui les rapproche beaucoup des dents Protomagdaléniennes de l'Abri Pataud et de l'Abri Lachaud. La pathologie dentaire ne s'écarte pas de celle décrite par Brabant pour le Paléolithique supérieur.Borgognini Tarli S.M., Fornaciari G., Palma di Cesnola A. Restes humains des niveaux gravettiens de la Grotte Paglicci (Rignano Garganico) : contexte archéologique, étude anthropologique et notes de paléopathologie. In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, XIII° Série. Tome 7 fascicule 2, 1980. pp. 125-152