Kinetics of Cu2+– Catalysed Redox Reaction of n-(2-hydroxylethyl) ethylenediaminetriacetatocobalt(III) with Hydrazine Monohydrate in Aqueous Acid

Communication in Physical Sciences 2018, 3(1): 10-17 Received 24 November 2017/Accepted 23 July 2018 Authors: A. D. Onu, S. O. Idris & B. Y. Abiti The kinetics of the Cu2+-catalysed redox reaction between n-(2-hydroxylethyl) ethylenediaminetriacetatocobalt(III) (hereafter [Co(HEDTA)OH2]) with hydrazine monohydrate (hereafter N2H5+) have been successfully investigated in aqueous acidic medium, under the following conditions T = 298 ± 1 K, I = 0.5 mol dm3 (NaClO4), [H+] = 4.0 × 10-3 mol dm-3 (HClO4), [Cu2+] = 5.0 × 10-4 mol dm-3 and λmax = 550 nm. Stoichiometric study revealed that two moles of [Co(HEDTA)OH2] reacted with one mole of N2H5+.The rate of the reaction was first order with respect to [Co(HEDTA)OH2] and [N2H5+], and second order overall, with k2 = (9.81 ± 0.14) × 10-2dm3 mols-1. The rate of the reaction was inversely dependent on [H+] but directly proportional to [Cu2+] and both plots of k2 versus [H+]-1 and k2 versus [Cu2+] were linear from the origin, indicating a one term rate law with respect to both [H+]-1 and [Cu2+]. Changes in ionic strength had no effect on the reaction rate and temperature dependent study gave values of activated enthalpy (ΔH‡) and entropy (ΔS‡) as 82.89 KJ mol-1 and 17.13JK-1 mol-1respectively. Spectroscopic and kinetic investigations indicated absence of detectable intermediate. Analysis of evidence adduced from the study favour the outer-sphere mechanism and it is proposed for the reaction

Strategic Marketing Practices and Growth of Selected Deposit Money Banks in Ogun State, Nigeria

The major challenge confronting every manager in the banking sector is the means of achieving competitive advantage over its competitors. Without engaging effective strategic marketing in the banking sector, there may be little progress in the Nigerian economy as well as in its banking operations.  Therefore, the research emphasizes that it is through efficient strategic marketing efforts that a developing country like Nigeria can compete efficiently in its banking operations with advanced nations of the world. Therefore, this study investigated the extent to which strategic marketing practices could be used to achieve overall growth of selected deposit money banks in Ogun State, Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design using a combination of stratified sampling technique and convenience sampling technique to select 100 banks staff which were contacted using structured questionnaire. The data collected were analyzed using the SPSS software version 19.0. Correlation analysis was conducted to establish the nature of the relationship between the bank’s strategic marketing practices and overall growth of selected deposit money banks in Nigeria while regression analysis were used to explain its overall growth in Nigeria deposit money banks. The finding revealed that positive relationship exists between strategic marketing practices and overall growth (r=0.796; Fcal=168.225; p<0.000). The researchers recommended that commercial banks should embrace strategic marketing by being focused to adapt to changes, marketing of assets and capabilities and marketing of innovation for the growth and survival of the industry. Keywords: Strategic marketing practices, Growth, Competition, Bank

Strategic Marketing Practices and Environmental Perception of Customer Oriented Service in Nigeria Deposit Money Banks in Lagos State

This paper examines the nature and influence of the relationship between the bank’s strategic marketing practices and its service and seeks to determine the importance of strategic marketing practices in explaining the environmental perception of customers oriented service delivery. The study location was at the five selected Deposit Money Banks in Lagos State, Nigeria. A descriptive research design employing a stratified and convenience sampling techniques selected 74% of the bank staff which were contacted using questionnaires. The data collected were analyzed using the SPSS software version 19.0. Correlation analysis was conducted to establish the nature of the relationship between the bank’s strategic marketing practices and it customers oriented service delivery while regression analysis used to explain its influence on customers oriented service delivery. The finding showed that positive relationship exists between strategic marketing practices and customers oriented service delivery (r=0.749; Fcal=123.859; p<0.000). The researchers recommended that commercial banks should embrace strategic marketing by being focused to adapt to changes, marketing of assets and capabilities and marketing of innovation for the growth and survival of the industry

Kinetics of the reduction of μ–oxo–tetrakis(1, 10–phenanthroline) diiron (iii) complex by thiourea in aqueous phenanthrolinium buffer

The homovalent oxo-bridged binuclear iron(III) complex ion [Fe2O(phen)4Cl2]4+ (phen = 1, 10–phenanthroline) aquates to [Fe2O(phen)4(H2O)2]4+ in aqueous phenanthrolinium buffer solution (pH 3.25–4.50). The reaction of [Fe2O2(phen)4(H2O)2]4+ with thiourea in this buffer solution to give [Fe(phen)3]2+, sulphite ion and urea was studied spectrophotometrically at 510 nm and found to be first order in [Fe2O2(phen)4(H2O)2]4+ and of mixed zero and first order in thiourea, i.e. reaction order with respect to thiourea varies from one to zero on increasing the thiourea concentration from 1.0–7.0 × 10-2 mol dm-3. The reaction is characterized by adduct formation. Changes in pH from 3.25 to 4.50 and ionic strength from 0.10 moldm-3 to 0.60 moldm-3 of the reaction solution were found to have no effect on the reaction rate. Catalysis and retardation were observed with the addition of Mg2+ and CH3COO- ions respectively. A plausible mechanism consistent with the results obtained is proposed.Keywords: kinetics, mechanism, oxo-bridged, phenanthrolinium buffer, thioure

Chemical kinetics: A discipline and a mechanistic tool

The purpose of this review is to introduce young researchers, advance undergraduate and graduate students of inorganic chemistry to the field of chemical kinetics both as a discipline and as a tool in mechanistic diagnosis of inorganic chemical reactions. Inorganic reaction mechanism is an important aspect of inorganic chemistry that deals with the study of the detailed step by step processes through which reactants in chemical reactions are converted to products. The overall equation of a reaction tell us what happens in a chemical reaction, whereas the mechanism explains how it happens –the steps involved and the effect of reaction conditions and catalyst, if employed. The review will deal with concepts and well established principles within the broad fields of chemical kinetics, which can be employed in determining the stoichiometry, kinetics and ultimately the mechanisms of chemical reactions

Non-Monetary Motivation Strategies and Growth of Selected Deposit Money Banks in Ogun State, Nigeria

The challenge facing managers in the banking sector is how to get employees committed to their work and put in their best towards the accomplishment of banks’ goals and objectives. There was gradual and consistent decline in the performance of banks due to low level of motivation within and outside the banking organizations. It is therefore imperative for managers in the banking sector to design and implement strategies and policies that will adequately address issues relating to employees’ welfare so that it will help in achieving industrial peace which is a panacea to organizational growth. The general objective of this study was to establish the effect of non-monetary motivational strategies on the growth of selected deposit money banks in Ogun State, Nigeria. The study adopted cross-sectional survey and target population was 800 staff of the selected commercial banks in Ogun State and sample of 481 employees was used in this study. A stratified sampling technique method was used and data was collected through the use of questionnaire. A pilot study was conducted to pretest the validity and reliability of instruments for data collection. The data was analyzed by use of quantitative method with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. The study established that work environment, leadership style, training and career advancement have positive and significant effect on the growth of selected deposit money banks in Ogun State, Nigeria. The regression analysis showed that work environment plays the most significant role on the growth of selected deposit money banks in Ogun State at 5% level of significance. Based on these findings, the study recommended that management of selected deposit money banks in Ogun State should plan very well when considering motivational strategies aimed at increasing overall productivity of the workers so as to achieve growth. Keywords: Motivation strategies, Leadership style, Training, Work environment, Growt

EXAMINING THE EFFECT OF NETWORKING ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN THE BANKING INDUSTRY: EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA

This study was on the networking and organisational performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The purpose was to determine how networking capability influences organisational performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The design of the study was a survey and the population was 2,413 low, medium, and senior-level managers of five selected deposit money banks in Nigeria licensed by Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) for commercial banking. The sample was 463 determined using Krejcie and Morgan (1970) formula in addition to an attrition rate of 40%. The study used the stratified proportionate random sampling technique. Primary data were collected using the structured validated questionnaire from the specified units of measurement with instruments assessed for reliability using the Cronbach alpha coefficient. Results demonstrated all constructs to be highly reliable, Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for the constructs ranged from 0.783 to 0.842. The response rate was 86.9%. Data collected were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The finding revealed that networking through ATMs, branches, phones, and the Internet as introduced by Nigerian deposit money banks improved organisational performance (β = 0.139, t = 3.281, p < 0.05). The study recommended that It is also recommended that executive management should spend more on current technology and financial innovation. This will improve bank efficiency and cut expenses. Through financial innovations, the bank may expand its products and services, improving sales and bank performance.  Article visualizations

Kinetics and mechanistics steps to the electron transfer reaction of peroxo-bridged binuclear cobalt(III) complex of succinimide by glycine in aqueous acidic medium

ABSTRACT. The kinetics and mechanistic steps to the electron transfer reaction of the peroxo-bridged binuclear cobalt(III) complex of succinimide [(suc)(en)2Co(O2)Co(en)2(suc)2+] hereafter called peroxo-bridged dicobalt(III) complex ‘[Co(O2)Co2+]’ by glycine have been carried out spectrophotometrically at λ = 420 nm and T = 26 ± 1 oC, [H+] = 1 x 10-3 M and ᶙ = 0.5 M (NaCl) in aqueous acidic medium. The reaction was found to be first order with respect to [Co(O2)Co2+] and [(Gly] and experimental data indicates a second-order overall. The reactions obeyed the general rate law: (d[Co(O2)Co2+]/dt) = (a +b)[H+])[Co(O2)Co2+][Gly]. Varying hydrogen ion concentration accelerated the reaction rate and shows first-order dependence while the reactions also affected by changes in the ionic strength of the reaction medium by giving a non-negative salt effect in the course of the reaction. Free radicals were not detected in the reactions. Spectroscopic investigation and Michaelis-Menten plots suggest the absence of intermediate complex formation. The experimental result obtained in this system is concluded in favor of the outer-sphere mechanism.                     KEY WORDS: Cobalt(III) complex, Kinetic, Electron transfer, Spectroscopic, Mechanistic steps, Michaelis-Menten, Glycine   Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2021, 35(2), 425-434. DOI:  https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v35i2.1

Kinetics and Mechanism of the Oxidation of Orange II by Chlorate Ion in Aqueous Hydrochloric Acid

Communication in Physical Sciences 2020, 5(2):165-170 Authors: B. Myek, S. O. Idris, A. D. Onu and M. K. Yakubu Received 05 March 2020/Accepted 03 May 2020 The kinetics of the oxidation of orange II (OR-) by ClO3-was studied in aqueous hydrochloric acid where the ionic strength and other parameters of the reaction mixture was, I = 0.50 mol dm-3 (NaCl), [H+] = 5.0 10-2 mol dm-3 (HCl) and T = 21 +/_ 1o C. The redox reaction displayed a stoichiometry of 1:2 and obeys the rate law given as,−????[????????−]/???????? = ????[????][????????][???????????? ]. The observed second order rate constant was found to increases with increase in hydrogen ion concentration. The rates of reaction displayed a zero salt effect and was inhibited by some added cations and anions. From the Michaelis-Menton Buck plot, there was no evidence for the formation of intermediate during the course of the reaction. Based on the results obtained, the outersphere mechanism was proposed for the reaction.&nbsp