2D experiments and numerical simulation of the oscillatory shallow flow in an open channel lateral cavity

Steady shallow flows past an open channel lateral cavity can induce the excitation of an eigenmode of a gravity standing wave inside the cavity, called seiche, which may be coupled with the shedding of vortices at the opening of the cavity. The presence of the seiche is of fundamental interest as it enhances the mass exchange between the main channel and the cavity. Measurements of the time evolution of the water surface are not often found in the literature for this type of flows. In this work, an experimental and numerical study of a shallow flow past a channel lateral cavity is carried out. The main novelty is the use of a pioneering non-intrusive experimental technique to measure the water surface at the channel-cavity region. This optical technique offers high resolution 2D data in time and space of the water surface evolution, allowing to determine the relevant features of the seiche oscillation. Such data are supplemented with Particle Image Velocimetry measurements. Furthermore, the experiments are numerically reproduced using a high-resolution depth-averaged URANS shallow water model, under the assumption that shallow water turbulence is mainly horizontal. The experimental and numerical results are analyzed in the frequency domain. High-resolution two-dimensional amplitude oscillation maps of the seiche phenomenon, as well as velocity fields, are presented. The high quality of the experimental data reported in this work makes this data set a suitable benchmark for numerical simulation models in order to evaluate their performance in the resolution of turbulent resonant shallow flows

Dependence on the Identification of the Scale Energy Parameter Q 2 in the Quark Distribution Functions for a DIS Production of Za

We discuss the Z-production in a DIS (Deep Inelastic Scattering) process e + p → e + Z + X using the Parton Model, within the context of the Standard Model. In contrast with deep inelastic eP-scattering (e + p → e + X), where the choice of Q2, as the transferred momentum squared, is unambiguous; whereas in the case of boson production , the transferred momentum squared, at quark level, depends on the reaction mechanism (where is the EW interaction taking place). We suggest a proposal based on kinematics of the process considered and the usual criterion for Q2 , which leads to a simple and practical prescription to calculate Z-production via ep-DIS. We also introduce different options in order o perform the convolution of the parton distribution functions (PDFs) and the scattering amplitude of he quark processes. Our aim in this work is to analyze and show how large could be the dependence of the total cross section rates on different possible prescriptions used for the identification of the scale energy parameter Q2 . We present results for the total cross section as a function of the total energy √s of the system ep, in the range 300 <√s ≤ 1300 Ge

Chemical composition and bioactivity potential of the new endosequence BC Sealer formulación hiflow

Aim To evaluate in a laboratory setting the effects of Endosequence BC Sealer HiFlow (Brasseler USA, Savannah, GA, USA), a novel calcium silicate-based sealer developed for use in warm canal filling techniques, on human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). Methodology Eluates of EndoSequence BC Sealer HiFlow (BCHiF) (Brasseler USA), EndoSequence BC Sealer (BCS) (Brasseler USA) and AH Plus (AHP) (Dentsply DeTrey GmbH, Konstanz, Germany), were placed in contact with hPDLSCs. The characterisation of the chemical elements of the root canal sealers was assessed using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX). Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine the ion release of the sealers. MTT assay and wound healing techniques were used to determine cell viability and migration, respectively. Cell morphology and cell attachment were assessed using a direct contact technique of hPDLSCs onto the surface of the sealers and analysed by SEM. The bioactivity potential was carried out with the Alizarin Red and qPCR testing methods. The statistical differences were evaluated using one-way ANOVA and Tukey´s test (p0.05). Both BCS and BCHiF had similar rates of cell migration to the control group at 24 and 48 hours. Cell morphology and adhesion capacity were also similar for BCS and BCHiF groups, while the AHP group was associated with reduced adhesion capacity. The Alizarin Red assay revealed a significant difference between the BCS and the control group (p<0.001), as well as for the BCHiF group (p<0.001). Finally, BCS and BCHiF promoted overexpression of osteo/cementogenic genes. Conclusions In general, EndoSequence BC Sealer HiFlow possesses suitable biological properties to be safely used as a root canal filling material and promote increased expression of oste/cementogenic genes by hPDLSCs

Functional capacity and self-esteem of people with cerebral palsy

OBJECTIVE: We assessed whether functional capacity predicts self-esteem in people with cerebral palsy (CP). METHOD: We conducted a cross-sectional observational study of 108 people with CP, ages 16-65 yr, who were residents of Spain. Self-esteem was captured using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and functional capacity using the Barthel Index (BI). Sociodemographic characteristics were recorded. The relationship between the RSES score and the BI score was analyzed using linear regression. RESULTS: RSES scores increased significantly as BI scores increased (regression coefficient = 0.047, 95% confidence interval [0.017, 0.078], p = .003). People with a higher level of education, active employment, and independent living arrangements tended to have better functional capacity and higher self-esteem. CONCLUSION: Greater functional capacity predicted higher self-esteem; this effect is probably partly mediated by education, employment, and living arrangements

Determination and analysis of in situ spectral aerosol optical properties by a multi-instrumental approach

Continuous in situ measurements of aerosol optical properties were conducted from 29 June to 29 July 2012 in Granada (Spain) with a seven-wavelength Aethalometer, a Multi-Angle Absorption Photometer, and a three-wavelength integrating nephelometer. The aim of this work is to describe a methodology to obtain the absorption coefficients (babs) for the different Aethalometer wavelengths. In this way, data have been compensated using algorithms which best estimate the compensation factors needed. Two empirical factors are used to infer the absorption coefficients from the Aethalometer measurements: C – the parameter describing the enhancement of absorption by particles in the filter matrix due to multiple scattering of light in the filter matrix – and f, the parameter compensating for non-linear loading effects in the filter matrix. Spectral dependence of f found in this study is not very strong. Values for the campaign lie in the range from 1.15 at 370 nm to 1.11 at 950 nm. Wavelength dependence in C proves to be more important, and also more difficult to calculate. The values obtained span from 3.42 at 370 nm to 4.59 at 950 nm. Furthermore, the temporal evolution of the Ångström exponent of absorption (αabs) and the single-scattering albedo (ω0) is presented. On average αabs is around 1.1 ± 0.3, and ω0 is 0.78 ± 0.08 and 0.74 ± 0.09 at 370 and 950 nm, respectively. These are typical values for sites with a predominance of absorbing particles, and the urban measurement site in this study is such. The babs average values are of 16 ± 10 Mm−1 (at 370 nm) and 5 ± 3 Mm−1 (at 950 nm), respectively. Finally, differences between workdays and Sundays have been further analysed, obtaining higher babs and lower ω0 during the workdays than on Sundays as a consequence of the diesel traffic influence.This work was financed jointly by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and the European Regional Development Fund through projects CGL2011-24290, CGL2010-18782, CSD2007-00067, and CGL2012-33294; by the Valencia Autonomous Government through project PROMETEO/2010/064; the Andalusia Regional Government through projects P08-RNM-3568 and P10-RNM-6299; and by the Slovenian Ministry of Economic Development and Technology JR-KROP grant 3211-11-000519. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 262254 (ACTRIS). The collaboration of S. Segura in this work was possible thanks to fellowship BES-2010-031626

Search of dark-matter axions in the microwave frequency range with full-wave modal techniques

Axions, originally proposed to solve the strong Charge-Parity problem of Quantum Chromo-Dynamics theory, emerge now as leading candidates of dark matter. In fact, the search of dark-matter axions in the microwave frequency range has been developed by different research groups during the last twenty years. In this demanding scenario, several microwave passive components (haloscopes) have been designed and fabricated for such axions detection based on the use of cavities and multi-cavities. From an electromagnetic point of view, comercial software (ANSFT HFSS, CST MICROWAVE STUDIO, etc ) has been employed for the design of different kind of haloscopes. In this work we propose to use the BI-RME 3D method (Boundary Integral – Resonant Mode Expansion) as an alternative to analyze the axion-photon coupling existing within an haloscope. This full-wave modal technique has provided interesting wide-band results for the design of new haloscopes

Carbon Fiber Composites of Pure Polypropylene and Maleated Polypropylene Blends Obtained from Injection and Compression Moulding

A comparative study of the mechanical performance of PP and PP/PP-g-MAH blends reinforced with carbon fibre (CF) obtained by two different moulding techniques is presented. Three filler contents were used for fabricating the composites: 1, 3, and 5 pph (parts per hundred). The crystallisation behaviour of the composites was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. Morphological and structural features of these samples were observed by atomic field microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. Mechanical properties of the injection and compression moulded composites were evaluated by means of tensile and impact resistance tests. The fracture surface of the impacted samples was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The processing method had a noticeable effect on the results obtained in these tests. Young’s modulus was enhanced up to 147% when adding 5 pph CF to a PP matrix when processed by compression moulding. Addition of PP-g-MAH and CF had a favourable effect on the tensile and impact strength properties in most samples; these composites showed improved performance as the filler content was increased